FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite
annotate doc/C1xx-Howto @ 676:34f27d5f5393
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author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Sat, 20 Jun 2020 04:05:05 +0000 |
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1 Running FreeCalypso firmware on Motorola C1xx phones |
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2 ==================================================== |
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3 |
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4 Before we begin, it needs to be noted that running FreeCalypso fw on a C1xx |
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5 phone is very much akin to xenotransplantation: Mot C1xx hardware is an alien |
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6 to our FreeCalypso family (our native hw targets are those made by TI, Openmoko |
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7 and us, not Motorola or Compal), and our non-Compal-based, non-Mot-based |
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8 FreeCalypso fw is equally alien to the C1xx phones. The xenotransplantation |
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9 procedure of converting a C1xx phone to FreeCalypso is highly unnatural, and |
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10 involves a large number of cumbersome manual steps - you've been warned. |
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11 |
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12 Preparing the host system |
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13 ========================= |
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14 |
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15 Firmware flashing on Mot C1xx phones is accomplished through the headset jack |
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16 via a special cable. There is no need to disassemble the phone in any way or |
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17 to do any soldering or other hardware surgery, but you will need a host system |
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18 to run the multitude of special software tools that are involved in the |
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19 procedure. You will need to begin by installing FreeCalypso host tools; the |
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20 current version at any given moment can be found at this URL: |
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21 |
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22 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/fc-host-tools-latest.tar.bz2 |
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23 |
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24 You will also need our battery charging configuration files: |
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25 |
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26 https://www.freecalypso.org/hg/fc-battery-conf/ |
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27 |
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28 Run 'make install' in the fc-battery-conf tree to add the battery charging |
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29 configuration files to your FC host tools installation under /opt/freecalypso. |
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30 |
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31 Flash backup and data gathering |
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32 =============================== |
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33 |
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34 Before you begin the actual conversion of your C1xx phone to FreeCalypso, you |
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35 will need to gather the following pieces of information: |
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36 |
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37 * The phone's IMEI - we don't know how to extract it out of Mot/Compal's non-TI |
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38 flash data structures, so you will have to reset it manually after the |
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39 firmware change. Of course you can set your "new" FreeCalypso IMEI to |
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40 whatever you feel like, but if you wish to keep the original factory-assigned |
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41 one, you will need to note it down manually, either from the sticker inside |
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42 the battery compartment (*very* hard to read!) or by booting the phone up |
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43 with its original fw prior to the conversion, entering *#06# and reading it |
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44 from the display. |
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45 |
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46 * Your specific phone's factory RF calibration values: you will need to make a |
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47 dump of your phone's flash memory (also serves as a backup, always a good |
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48 thing to have) with fc-loadtool and extract the numbers of interest with our |
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49 c1xx-calextr utility, which is part of the new FC host tools. |
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50 |
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51 * You need to know whether your phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands - |
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52 you will need to communicate this information to the new fw after the |
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53 conversion. To the best of our knowledge, all C11x/12x and C140 phones have |
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54 900+1800 MHz bands, but C139 phones have been made in both versions. On the |
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55 phones that have passed through our hands so far, the first two digits of the |
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56 IMEI have been 35 on 900+1800 MHz phones and 01 on 850+1900 MHz ones. |
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57 |
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58 * For the lower C1xx subfamilies only: you need to know whether your phone has |
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59 2 MiB or 4 MiB flash. To the best of our knowledge, all C139/140 phones have |
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60 4 MiB flash, but C11x have been seen with both 2 MiB and 4 MiB flashes. The |
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61 flash memory size will be autodetected by fc-loadtool as part of making the |
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62 flash dump. C155 and C156 phones have 8 MiB flash. |
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63 |
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64 The Mother's method for keeping track of these per-phone bits of information is |
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65 to create a separate directory for each phone with the IMEI as the directory |
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66 name; the flash dump and the RF calibration bits extracted from it will then |
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67 reside in that directory, while the IMEI is in the name of the directory itself. |
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68 |
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69 Once you have created your per-phone directory and cd'ed into it, you are ready |
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70 to run fc-loadtool to capture the flash dump. The phone needs to be off, but |
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71 the battery needs to be present and have some charge in it; with the phone off, |
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72 connect the serial cable between your host computer and the phone's headset |
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73 jack, and run fc-loadtool as follows: |
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74 |
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75 C11x/12x: fc-loadtool -h compal /dev/ttyXXX |
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76 C139/140: fc-loadtool -h compal -c 1004 /dev/ttyXXX |
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77 C155/156: fc-loadtool -h c155 /dev/ttyXXX |
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78 |
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79 Change /dev/ttyXXX to the serial or USB-serial device corresponding to your |
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80 serial cable. With the serial cable connected, the phone in the powered-off |
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81 state and the fc-loadtool process running and waiting for the phone, press the |
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82 red power button on the phone - a momentary press is sufficient and recommended. |
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83 |
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84 Once the phone boots the loadagent code fed to it serially by fc-loadtool and |
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85 you land at the loadtool> prompt, issue the following command: |
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86 |
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87 flash dump2bin flashdump.bin |
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88 |
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89 Given this command, fc-loadtool will autodetect whether your phone has 2 MiB or |
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90 4 MiB flash (for the lower C1xx subfamilies), then make a dump of the complete |
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91 content of this flash memory and save it in a file named flashdump.bin in the |
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92 current directory. When this operation completes, exit the loadtool session |
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93 with the exit command - it will also cleanly power the phone off. |
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94 |
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95 The next step is to extract the RF calibration values. Run a command of the |
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96 following form: |
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97 |
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98 c1xx-calextr -b rfbin flashdump.bin <offset> |
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99 |
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100 For the lower C1xx subfamilies, change <offset> to 0x1FC000 if your phone has |
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101 2 MiB flash (the size of flashdump.bin is 2097152 bytes) or 0x3FC000 if it has |
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102 4 MiB flash (the size of flashdump.bin is 4194304 bytes). For C155/156 the |
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103 correct offset is 0x7E0000. The stdout scribbles from c1xx-calextr will |
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104 indicate which per-band calibration records it finds (from which you can tell |
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105 if the phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands if you didn't have this |
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106 knowledge already), and a directory named rfbin will be created, containing the |
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107 correct subtree of directories and files which will need to be uploaded into |
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108 the new FreeCalypso flash file system (FFS) under /gsm/rf after the firmware |
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109 change. |
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110 |
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111 Selecting and building the desired firmware config |
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112 ================================================== |
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113 |
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114 There is only one FC Magnetite firmware configuration for C11x/12x phones, but |
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115 for the better C139/140 phones (or for C155/156) there are several to choose |
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116 from. The following two configs are the currently recommended ones: |
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117 |
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118 hybrid-vpm This config is available for all 3 C1xx subfamilies, although |
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119 the actual fw images are different for each. In this |
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120 configuration the converted phone acts not as an end user phone, |
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121 but as a voice pseudo-modem that needs to be controlled by a |
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122 host computer via a serial cable to do anything interesting. |
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123 See the Voice-pseudo-modem article for more information. |
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124 |
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125 hybrid-ui-vo This config is available only for the C139/140 target, not for |
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126 the other two. This configuration includes the UI layers, thus |
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127 when a C139/140 phone runs this firmware, it is able to function |
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128 as an untethered phone without a host computer connection. |
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129 However, please be warned that this proof-of-concept UI is |
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130 nowhere close to being practically usable - see the |
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131 Handset-goal article for more info. |
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132 |
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133 Both of the above are hybrid configurations in that they use the new TCS3 |
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134 versions of the G23M protocol stack and ACI (Application Control Interface) |
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135 firmware components grafted on top of the TCS211 chipsetsw foundation, resulting |
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136 in a fully built-from-source configuration without major blob components. The |
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137 UI layers BMI and MFW in the UI-enabled hybrid-ui-vo config also come from the |
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138 new TCS3 source, not the old version of unknown origin. They are "voice only" |
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139 configs in that CSD, fax and GPRS functions are disabled - these functions |
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140 cannot be made use of on Mot C1xx phones, and disabling them significantly |
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141 reduces the weight of the firmware. |
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142 |
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143 For the C139 and C155 targets (but not for C11x/12x), it is also possible to |
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144 build some of the older configs that use the old binary blob version of the |
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145 G23M PS component and the corresponding old versions of ACI, MFW and BMI on top |
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146 of it - however, those configuration are now officially deprecated except for |
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147 only two remaining use cases which do not apply to Mot C1xx targets, hence they |
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148 are no longer supported officially. |
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149 |
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150 Thus we have a total of 4 possible build configurations, one for the C11x/12x |
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151 target, 2 for C139/140 and 1 for C155/156: |
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152 |
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153 ./configure.sh c11x hybrid-vpm |
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154 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-vpm |
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155 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-ui-vo |
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156 ./configure.sh c155 hybrid-vpm |
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157 |
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158 See the Compiling article for more information on how to compile your own |
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159 firmware image in one of the above configurations. |
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160 |
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161 Bootloader change on the lower C1xx subfamilies |
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162 =============================================== |
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163 |
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164 This section applies ONLY to C11x/12x and C139/140 subfamilies; it does NOT |
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165 apply to the C155/156 subfamily. |
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166 |
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167 If this is your first time converting a given lower-C1xx phone from its original |
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168 firmware to FreeCalypso (as opposed to updating from an earlier FC firmware |
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169 version), you will also need the compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin bootloader image |
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170 in addition to the main fw image you just built: |
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171 |
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172 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin |
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173 |
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174 (If you are working with a binary release package that has prebuilt firmware |
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175 images, the compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin image is also included in the |
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176 package.) |
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177 |
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178 Mot C1xx phones are brickable - because the Calypso boot ROM is disabled by PCB |
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179 wiring, the ability to reflash a phone with new firmware critically depends on |
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180 there being a particular kind of boot code in flash sector 0 at all times - a |
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181 particular kind of boot code that allows the boot process to be interrupted and |
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182 diverted to external code loaded via the headset jack serial port. |
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183 |
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184 The FreeCalypso family of projects has adopted one specific version of the |
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185 flash sector 0 boot code (produced by applying a binary patch to one of |
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186 Compal/Motorola's original versions) for use with all of our firmwares for |
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187 these phones. We use the same FC-C1xx bootloader on both C11x/12x and C139/140 |
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188 phones: the official bootloader versions are different between the two (and |
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189 moreover, each particular official fw version comes with its own bootloader |
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190 version), but the simpler bootloader version which we took from one particular |
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191 C11x fw version works perfectly well on the C139 as well, hence we've adopted |
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192 it for all combinations. |
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193 |
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194 Once you have our compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin image flashed in sector 0, you |
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195 can then flash whichever FC firmware image you like at offset 0x10000 without |
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196 having to touch the dangerous boot sector. |
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197 |
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198 On C155/156 phones the situation is a little different: they are also brickable |
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199 with the Calypso boot ROM disabled, but Motorola's original bootloader on these |
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200 phones is significantly different from the one on the lower C1xx subfamilies, |
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201 and they use a different flash layout: the bootloader in the first 8 KiB sector, |
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202 unused flash space between 0x2000 and 0x20000, and the main fw image starting |
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203 at 0x20000. Our FC firmwares for the C155/156 target are built to be flashed |
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204 at 0x20000 just like Mot's official ones, and they are designed to receive |
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205 control from Mot's original bootloader on this target. |
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206 |
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207 Converting the phone to FreeCalypso fw |
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208 ====================================== |
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209 |
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210 If you are starting with an unhacked C1xx phone running one of the official |
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211 firmware versions, the procedure for flashing and bringing up FreeCalypso for |
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212 the first time is as follows - *after* you have done all of the preparatory |
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213 steps described in the preceding sections: |
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214 |
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215 * Have your phone's battery fully charged - although you will regain the |
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216 ability to charge it with FreeCalypso fw when the conversion is fully |
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217 complete (not just the flashing part, but also the subsequent FFS |
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218 initialization), your phone will not have this charging ability while you are |
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219 in the middle of the xenotransplantation procedure. |
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220 |
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221 * Get in with fc-loadtool just like you did when you made the dump of your |
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222 phone's flash memory for backup and RF calibration data extraction. |
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223 |
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224 * If you are operating on a C11x/12x or C139/140 phone, reflash the boot sector |
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225 with our FreeCalypso version: |
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226 |
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227 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin |
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228 |
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229 DO NOT flash compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin into C155/156 phones, it is ONLY |
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230 for the lower C1xx subfamilies! |
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231 |
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232 * To flash whichever FreeCalypso firmware image you would like to play with, |
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233 execute the flashing script which the fw build system produced along with the |
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234 actual image: |
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235 |
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236 loadtool> exec flash-script |
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237 |
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238 * Erase the flash sectors to be used for the FFS (flash file system) by |
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239 FreeCalypso firmwares; the specific command depends on whether your phone has |
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240 2 MiB, 4 MiB or 8 MiB flash. On 2 MiB flash phones: |
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241 |
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242 loadtool> flash erase 0x1C0000 0x30000 |
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243 |
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244 Or on 4 MiB flash phones: |
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245 |
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246 loadtool> flash erase 0x3C0000 0x30000 |
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247 |
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248 Or on 8 MiB flash C155/156 phones: |
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249 |
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250 loadtool> flash erase 0x700000 0xD0000 |
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251 |
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252 * Exiting fc-loadtool cleanly will cause it to power off the phone: |
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253 |
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254 loadtool> exit |
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255 |
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256 Reflashing between different FreeCalypso firmwares |
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257 ================================================== |
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258 |
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259 By the conventions established in the FreeCalypso family of projects, all of |
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260 our firmwares for C11x and C139 targets have the following in common: |
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261 |
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262 * They all stay out of the boot sector and expect to receive control from the |
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263 boot code in the same manner (boot entry point at 0x10058, exception vectors |
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264 at 0x10000), thus there is no need to reflash the dangerous boot sector when |
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265 going from one FC firmware to another. |
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266 |
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267 * They all use the same aftermarket FFS configuration of 3 sectors of 64 KiB |
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268 each (64x3) at 0x3C0000 on 4 MiB flash phones, or at 0x1C0000 on 2 MiB flash |
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269 phones. This FFS location is deliberately different from the one used by |
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270 Mot/Compal's firmwares, eliminating the possibility of one fw trying to use |
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271 the FFS created by the other, and by putting our FFS toward the end of the |
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272 flash we maximize the amount of flash space available for our firmware code |
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273 images. But even though we don't share our FFS with Mot/Compal's official |
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274 firmwares, we do share the same FFS between all of FreeCalypso firmware |
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275 projects - thus once you have initialized your FFS (see below) with one FC |
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276 firmware version, it will work with the others as well. |
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277 |
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278 If you need to reflash your C1xx phone from one FC firmware version to another, |
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279 simply get in with fc-loadtool -h compal (no more need for the inefficient |
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280 -c 1003 or -c 1004 options or for tfc139) and reflash just the fw image part: |
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281 |
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282 loadtool> exec flash-script |
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283 |
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284 First boot of the firmware |
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285 ========================== |
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286 |
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287 Connect the serial cable, but instead of running fc-loadtool, run rvinterf. |
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288 Press the red power button on the phone briefly just like you would for |
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289 fc-loadtool entry. Because there is no fc-loadtool running on the host end of |
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290 the serial cable, the boot path will *not* be diverted in the bootloader, and |
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291 the main fw image will run - and this time it will be the FreeCalypso firmware |
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292 you have compiled and flashed. If the fw you have flashed is the UI demo |
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293 configuration, the phone must have *NO* SIM in it the first time you boot it. |
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294 UI-enabled fw configurations automatically bring up the GSM radio and try to |
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295 connect to the default network on boot if there is a SIM present, and you don't |
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296 want your firmware trying to connect to a real live GSM network when you haven't |
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297 initialized your FFS yet. If the fw you have flashed is one of the AT-command- |
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298 controlled pseudo-modem configurations, then you don't need to worry if the SIM |
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299 is there or not on your first boot - just don't command it to connect to a |
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300 network until you have initialized the FFS. |
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301 |
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302 If you have flashed a non-UI firmware version, the phone's LCD will remain dark |
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303 as there is no LCD driver code in this firmware, but you will see trace output |
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304 in the rvinterf window, telling you that the fw is running. |
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305 |
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306 Before you do anything else, you will need to run fc-fsio (run it without the |
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307 -p option to have it connect to your already-running rvinterf process) and |
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308 initialize the aftermarket FFS for our firmware: |
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309 |
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310 fsio> format / |
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311 fsio> mk-std-dirs |
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312 fsio> set-imeisv fc XXXXXXXX-YYYYYY-SV (see following section for the details) |
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313 fsio> set-rfcap dual-eu (if you have 900+1800 MHz hardware) |
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314 or |
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315 fsio> set-rfcap dual-us (if you have 850+1900 MHz hardware) |
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316 |
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317 then additionally: |
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318 |
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319 fsio> upload-subtree rfbin /gsm/rf |
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320 fsio> write-charging-config /opt/freecalypso/charging/c1xx/standard |
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321 |
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322 The last two commands are new with the 2018-01 revision of the FC-to-C1xx |
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323 xenotransplantation procedure. The upload-subtree command uploads the RF |
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324 calibration values which you had extracted earlier with c1xx-calextr (the |
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325 instructions assume that you are running from the same directory where the |
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326 rfbin directory subtree had been created earlier), and this step is necessary |
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327 in order for your phone to continue to transmit at the correct power levels |
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328 after the conversion. The write-charging-config command uploads the |
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329 configuration settings for the FCHG battery charging driver, without which it |
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330 cannot charge the battery; you must have the charging config files from the |
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331 fc-battery-conf tree installed under /opt/freecalypso in order for this command |
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332 to work as given. |
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333 |
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334 It needs to be noted that the battery charging config settings uploaded with |
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335 fc-fsio write-charging-config take effect only on the next boot cycle of the |
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336 firmware, i.e., until the next reboot after the write-charging-config operation, |
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337 the firmware won't charge the battery even if there is a charging power source |
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338 plugged in. |
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339 |
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340 Note regarding the IMEISV |
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341 ========================= |
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342 |
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343 The argument to the set-imeisv command in fc-fsio is a 16-digit IMEISV, not a |
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344 15-digit IMEI. The IMEI part of IMEISV (the first 14 digits) identifies the |
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345 physical hardware and is supposed to be immutable, whereas the two SV digits |
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346 are supposed to identify the software version, i.e., they are supposed to change |
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347 when the software version changes in a significant way. Motorola and Compal |
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348 did in fact use the SV digits as called for by the specs: their official |
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349 firmwares take the IMEI part of IMEISV from the factory-written per-unit vital |
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350 data records, and each fw version appends its own SV digits, different from one |
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351 version to the next. |
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352 |
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353 When a Mot C1xx phone runs FreeCalypso as opposed to one of Motorola's official |
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354 fw versions, we need our own SV to identify our firmware as being distinct from |
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355 any of Motorola's original versions. The convention established by the Mother |
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356 of FreeCalypso is that the SV for FreeCalypso on Mot C1xx should be set to 98. |
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357 |
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358 To transform the 15-digit IMEI of your Mot C1xx phone into the 16-digit IMEISV |
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359 to be entered in fc-fsio set-imeisv, perform the following two steps: |
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360 |
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361 1) Drop the Luhn check digit - it is not included in the IMEISV form; |
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362 2) Add -98 to the remaining 14 content digits of the IMEI from the previous |
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363 step. |
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364 |
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365 Exercising GSM functionality |
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366 ============================ |
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367 |
383
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368 After you've initialized your FFS as above, you should exit fc-fsio, and your |
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369 next steps will depend on which fw configuration you are playing with. If it's |
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370 the sans-UI pseudo-modem configuration, run fc-shell and try some AT commands: |
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371 |
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372 AT+CMEE=2 -- enable verbose error responses |
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373 AT+CFUN=1 -- enable radio and SIM interfaces |
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374 AT+COPS=0 -- register to the default GSM network |
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375 |
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376 Once you are connected to a network, you can dial and answer voice calls with |
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377 ATD and ATA commands, and you can use GSM 07.05 AT commands to send and receive |
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378 SMS. You can also use the quite capable SMS tools included in the FC host tools |
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379 package. |
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380 |
383
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381 When you are done, you can power the phone off by sending a 'poweroff' command |
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382 through fc-shell, or you can kill rvinterf or unplug the serial cable and wait |
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383 for the firmware to power off by the keepalive timeout after some 15 to 20 s. |
383
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384 |
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385 If you are playing with the UI demo firmware, after you have initialized your |
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386 FFS, you can power the phone off with the power button, insert a SIM, power it |
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387 back on and play with the primitive UI. |
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388 |
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389 Updating from previous versions |
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390 =============================== |
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391 |
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392 If you had previously initialized your aftermarket FFS using an earlier version |
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393 of these instructions, before we added the RF calibration and charging config |
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394 upload steps, you need to add these bits to your FFS. Update to the latest FC |
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395 host tools, extract the factory RF calibration values from a dump of your |
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396 phone's flash with c1xx-calextr, add the battery charging config files to your |
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397 /opt/freecalypso installation, boot the phone with rvinterf, get in with fc-fsio |
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398 and run the last two upload-subtree and write-charging-config commands as above. |
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399 |
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400 Recalibration |
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401 ============= |
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402 |
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403 In the interest of completeness, it needs to be noted that extracting Motorola's |
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404 original factory RF calibration values and reusing them for FreeCalypso is not |
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405 the only way: the other alternative is to perform a fresh calibration using a |
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406 Rohde&Schwarz CMU200 RF test machine and FreeCalypso RF calibration software |
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407 (fc-rfcal-tools). This approach will yield superior results, but the |
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408 requirement of having a CMU200 instrument which is itself properly calibrated |
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409 and a cabling setup with the right adapters whose insertion loss at particular |
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410 GSM frequencies is precisely known makes this approach feasible only for |
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411 professional FreeCalypso service shops, not for ordinary individual users. |
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412 |
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413 Restoring Motorola's original firmware |
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414 ====================================== |
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415 |
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416 If you have many phones of the same type, it is best to dedicate a particular |
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417 phone to FreeCalypso, as reflashing a phone back and forth is a royal pita. |
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418 However, if you have only one phone, then you don't have much choice except to |
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419 reflash it back and forth between Motorola's official fw and FreeCalypso, thus |
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420 instructions need to be provided. |
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421 |
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422 Restoring original fw on the lower C1xx subfamilies |
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423 --------------------------------------------------- |
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424 |
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425 Whether you are restoring the original fw version your phone came with or |
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426 flashing a different official fw version, you need to ensure that whichever fw |
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427 version you are flashing does not have its bootloader locked out. Examine your |
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428 fw image with a hex dump tool and look at the 4 bytes at location 0x2060. If |
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429 these 4 bytes are all FF, then you have an older fw version with no bootloader |
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430 locking capability - good. If these 4 bytes are 'DD DD DD DD' (0xDDDDDDDD |
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431 32=bit word), then your fw version does have bootloader locking capability, but |
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432 the lock is not activated. In this case you can still flash it, but you must |
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433 make sure that this 32-bit word at 0x2060 always remains equal to 0xDDDDDDDD, |
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434 otherwise your phone will be bricked. And finally if the 4 bytes at 0x2060 are |
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435 all zeros, then the bootloader lock is activated - DO NOT flash an image in |
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436 this state (you will brick your phone if you do), instead you need to patch |
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437 these 4 bytes to 0xDDDDDDDD with a hex editor and then flash the resulting |
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438 unlocked version. |
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439 |
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440 Once you have verified that your to-be-flashed fw image is safe, you can flash |
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441 it as follows: |
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442 |
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443 1) Get in with fc-loadtool: |
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444 |
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445 fc-loadtool -h compal -c 1004 /dev/ttyXXX |
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446 |
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447 The -c 1004 option is generally unnecessary if your phone runs FreeCalypso fw, |
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448 but it doesn't hurt to always include it - it only makes the fc-loadtool entry |
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449 process slower by about a second. |
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450 |
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451 2) Once you are at the loadtool> prompt, issue the following commands: |
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452 |
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453 if your phone is C139/140 or C11x/12x with 4 MiB flash: |
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454 |
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455 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot mot-fw-image.bin 0x10000 |
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456 loadtool> flash erase 0x10000 0x360000 |
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457 loadtool> flash program-bin 0x10000 mot-fw-image.bin 0x10000 0x360000 |
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458 |
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459 or if your phone is C11x/12x with 2 MiB flash: |
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460 |
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461 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot mot-fw-image.bin 0x10000 |
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462 loadtool> flash erase 0x10000 0x1E0000 |
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463 loadtool> flash program-bin 0x10000 mot-fw-image.bin 0x10000 0x1E0000 |
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464 |
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465 Restoring original fw on Mot C155/156 |
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466 ------------------------------------- |
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467 |
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468 On these phones the bootloader is separate from the main body of the firmware, |
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469 thus there is no need to reflash the dangerous boot sector (erase-program-boot) |
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470 when changing firmwares, whether changing between Motorola's official fw and |
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471 FreeCalypso or between different Mot fw versions. Simply get in with |
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472 fc-loadtool like this: |
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473 |
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474 fc-loadtool -h c155 /dev/ttyXXX |
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475 |
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476 and reflash the firmware like this: |
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477 |
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478 loadtool> flash erase 0x20000 0x7C0000 |
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479 loadtool> flash program-bin 0x20000 flash-backup.bin 0x20000 0x7C0000 |