FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite
annotate doc/C1xx-Howto @ 529:a490b0466fed
added mokosrec2bin to helpers to avoid external dependency
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Thu, 25 Oct 2018 20:46:56 +0000 |
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1 Running FreeCalypso firmware on Motorola C1xx phones |
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2 ==================================================== |
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3 |
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4 Before we begin, it needs to be noted that running FreeCalypso fw on a C1xx |
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5 phone is very much akin to xenotransplantation: Mot C1xx hardware is an alien |
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6 to our FreeCalypso family (our native hw targets are those made by TI, Openmoko |
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7 and us, not Motorola or Compal), and our non-Compal-based, non-Mot-based |
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8 FreeCalypso fw is equally alien to the C1xx phones. The xenotransplantation |
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9 procedure of converting a C1xx phone to FreeCalypso is highly unnatural, and |
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10 involves a large number of cumbersome manual steps - you've been warned. |
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11 |
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12 Preparing the host system |
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13 ========================= |
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14 |
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15 Firmware flashing on Mot C1xx phones is accomplished through the headset jack |
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16 via a special cable. There is no need to disassemble the phone in any way or |
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17 to do any soldering or other hardware surgery, but you will need a host system |
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18 to run the multitude of special software tools that are involved in the |
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19 procedure. You will need to begin by installing FreeCalypso host tools, and |
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20 the current version of the FC-to-C1xx xenotransplantation procedure (the |
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21 additions from the previous version are RF calibration data migration and |
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22 battery charging configuration) requires the latest fc-host-tools-r8 release: |
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23 |
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24 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/fc-host-tools-r8.tar.bz2 |
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25 |
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26 You will also need the battery charging configuration files: |
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27 |
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28 https://bitbucket.org/falconian/fc-battery-conf |
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29 |
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30 Run 'make install' in the fc-battery-conf tree to add the battery charging |
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31 configuration files to your FC host tools installation under /opt/freecalypso. |
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32 |
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33 Flash backup and data gathering |
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34 =============================== |
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35 |
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36 Before you begin the actual conversion of your C1xx phone to FreeCalypso, you |
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37 will need to gather the following pieces of information: |
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38 |
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39 * The phone's IMEI - we don't know how to extract it out of Mot/Compal's non-TI |
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40 flash data structures, so you will have to reset it manually after the |
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41 firmware change. Of course you can set your "new" FreeCalypso IMEI to |
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42 whatever you feel like, but if you wish to keep the original factory-assigned |
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43 one, you will need to note it down manually, either from the sticker inside |
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44 the battery compartment (*very* hard to read!) or by booting the phone up |
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45 with its original fw prior to the conversion, entering *#06# and reading it |
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46 from the display. |
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47 |
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48 * Your specific phone's factory RF calibration values: you will need to make a |
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49 dump of your phone's flash memory (also serves as a backup, always a good |
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50 thing to have) with fc-loadtool and extract the numbers of interest with our |
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51 c1xx-calextr utility, which is part of the new FC host tools. |
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52 |
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53 * You need to know whether your phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands - |
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54 you will need to communicate this information to the new fw after the |
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55 conversion. To the best of our knowledge, all C11x/12x and C140 phones have |
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56 900+1800 MHz bands, but C139 phones have been made in both versions. On the |
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57 phones that have passed through our hands so far, the first two digits of the |
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58 IMEI have been 35 on 900+1800 MHz phones and 01 on 850+1900 MHz ones. |
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59 |
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60 * You need to know whether your phone has 2 MiB or 4 MiB flash. To the best of |
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61 our knowledge, all C139/140 phones have 4 MiB flash, but C11x have been seen |
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62 with both 2 MiB and 4 MiB flashes. The flash memory size will be autodetected |
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63 by fc-loadtool as part of making the flash dump. |
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64 |
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65 The Mother's method for keeping track of these per-phone bits of information is |
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66 to create a separate directory for each phone with the IMEI as the directory |
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67 name; the flash dump and the RF calibration bits extracted from it will then |
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68 reside in that directory, while the IMEI is in the name of the directory itself. |
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69 |
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70 Once you have created your per-phone directory and cd'ed into it, you are ready |
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71 to run fc-loadtool to capture the flash dump. The phone needs to be off, but |
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72 the battery needs to be present and have some charge in it; with the phone off, |
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73 connect the serial cable between your host computer and the phone's headset |
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74 jack, and run fc-loadtool as follows: |
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75 |
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76 fc-loadtool -h compal -c 1004 /dev/ttyXXX |
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77 |
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78 Change /dev/ttyXXX to the serial or USB-serial device corresponding to your |
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79 serial cable. The -c 1004 option (adds a little inefficiency which is required |
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80 for C139/140 phones) can be omitted if your phone is C11x/12x, but it is also |
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81 harmless to always add it. With the serial cable connected, the phone in the |
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82 powered-off state and the fc-loadtool process running and waiting for the phone, |
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83 press the red power button on the phone - a momentary press is sufficient and |
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84 recommended. |
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85 |
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86 Once the phone boots the loadagent code fed to it serially by fc-loadtool and |
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87 you land at the loadtool> prompt, issue the following command: |
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88 |
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89 flash dump2bin flashdump.bin |
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90 |
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91 Given this command, fc-loadtool will autodetect whether your phone has 2 MiB or |
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92 4 MiB flash, then make a dump of the complete content of this flash memory and |
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93 save it in a file named flashdump.bin in the current directory. When this |
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94 operation completes, exit the loadtool session with the exit command - it will |
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95 also cleanly power the phone off. |
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96 |
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97 The next step is to extract the RF calibration values. Run a command of the |
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98 following form: |
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99 |
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100 c1xx-calextr -b rfbin flashdump.bin <offset> |
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101 |
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102 Change <offset> to 0x1FC000 if your phone has 2 MiB flash (the size of |
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103 flashdump.bin is 2097152 bytes) or 0x3FC000 if it has 4 MiB flash (the size of |
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104 flashdump.bin is 4194304 bytes). The stdout scribbles from c1xx-calextr will |
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105 indicate which per-band calibration records it finds (from which you can tell |
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106 if the phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands if you didn't have this |
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107 knowledge already), and a directory named rfbin will be created, containing the |
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108 correct subtree of directories and files which will need to be uploaded into |
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109 the new FreeCalypso flash file system (FFS) under /gsm/rf after the firmware |
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110 change. |
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111 |
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112 Selecting and building the desired firmware config |
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113 ================================================== |
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114 |
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115 There is only one FC Magnetite firmware configuration for C11x/12x phones, but |
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116 for the better C139/140 phones there are several to choose from. The following |
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117 two configs are the currently recommended ones: |
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118 |
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119 hybrid-vpm This config is available for both C11x/12x and C139/140 |
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120 subfamilies, although the actual fw images are different |
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121 between the two. In this configuration the converted phone |
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122 acts not as an end user phone, but as a voice pseudo-modem that |
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123 needs to be controlled by a host computer via a serial cable to |
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124 do anything interesting. See the Voice-pseudo-modem article |
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125 for more information. |
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126 |
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127 hybrid-ui-vo This config is available only for the C139/140 target, not |
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128 C11x/12x. This configuration includes the UI layers, thus when |
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129 a C139/140 phone runs this firmware, it is able to function as |
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130 an untethered phone without a host computer connection. |
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131 However, please be warned that this proof-of-concept UI is |
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132 nowhere close to being practically usable - see the |
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133 Handset-goal article for more info. |
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134 |
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135 Both of the above are hybrid configurations in that they use the new TCS3 |
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136 versions of the G23M protocol stack and ACI (Application Control Interface) |
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137 firmware components grafted on top of the TCS211 chipsetsw foundation, resulting |
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138 in a fully built-from-source configuration without major blob components. The |
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139 UI layers BMI and MFW in the UI-enabled hybrid-ui-vo config also come from the |
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140 new TCS3 source, not the old version of unknown origin. They are "voice only" |
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141 configs in that CSD, fax and GPRS functions are disabled - these functions |
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142 cannot be made use of on Mot C1xx phones, and disabling them significantly |
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143 reduces the weight of the firmware. |
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144 |
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145 For the C139/140 target (but not for C11x/12x), it is also possible to build |
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146 some of the older configs that use the old binary blob version of the G23M PS |
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147 component and the corresponding old versions of ACI, MFW and BMI on top of it - |
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148 however, those configuration are now officially deprecated except for only two |
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149 remaining use cases which do not apply to Mot C1xx targets, hence they are no |
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150 longer supported officially. |
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151 |
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152 Thus we have a total of 3 possible build configurations, one for the C11x |
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153 target and 2 for the C139: |
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154 |
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155 ./configure.sh c11x hybrid-vpm |
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156 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-vpm |
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157 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-ui-vo |
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158 |
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159 See the Compiling article for more information on how to compile your own |
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160 firmware image in one of the above configurations. |
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161 |
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162 If this is your first time converting a given C1xx phone from its original |
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163 firmware to FreeCalypso (as opposed to updating from an earlier FC firmware |
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164 version), you will also need the compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin bootloader image |
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165 in addition to the main fw image you just built: |
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166 |
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167 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin |
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168 |
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169 Mot C1xx phones are brickable - because the Calypso boot ROM is disabled by PCB |
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170 wiring, the ability to reflash a phone with new firmware critically depends on |
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171 there being a particular kind of boot code in flash sector 0 at all times - a |
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172 particular kind of boot code that allows the boot process to be interrupted and |
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173 diverted to external code loaded via the headset jack serial port. |
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174 |
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175 The FreeCalypso family of projects has adopted one specific version of the |
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176 flash sector 0 boot code (produced by applying a binary patch to one of |
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177 Compal/Motorola's original versions) for use with all of our firmwares for |
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178 these phones. We use the same FC-C1xx bootloader on both C11x/12x and C139/140 |
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179 phones: the official bootloader versions are different between the two (and |
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180 moreover, each particular official fw version comes with its own bootloader |
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181 version), but the simpler bootloader version which we took from one particular |
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182 C11x fw version works perfectly well on the C139 as well, hence we've adopted |
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183 it for all combinations. |
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184 |
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185 Once you have our compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin image flashed in sector 0, you |
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186 can then flash whichever FC firmware image you like at offset 0x10000 without |
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187 having to touch the dangerous boot sector. |
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188 |
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189 Converting the phone to FreeCalypso fw |
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190 ====================================== |
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191 |
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192 If you are starting with an unhacked C1xx phone running one of the official |
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193 firmware versions, the procedure for flashing and bringing up FreeCalypso for |
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194 the first time is as follows - *after* you have done all of the preparatory |
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195 steps described in the preceding sections: |
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196 |
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197 * Have your phone's battery fully charged - although you will regain the |
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198 ability to charge it with FreeCalypso fw when the conversion is fully |
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199 complete (not just the flashing part, but also the subsequent FFS |
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200 initialization), your phone will not have this charging ability while you are |
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201 in the middle of the xenotransplantation procedure. |
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202 |
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203 * Get in with fc-loadtool just like you did when you made the dump of your |
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204 phone's flash memory for backup and RF calibration data extraction. |
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205 |
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206 * Once you are in with fc-loadtool, i.e., at the loadtool> prompt, reflash the |
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207 boot sector with the FreeCalypso version: |
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208 |
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209 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin |
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210 |
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211 * To flash whichever FreeCalypso firmware image you would like to play with, |
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212 execute the flashing script which the fw build system produced along with the |
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213 actual image: |
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214 |
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215 loadtool> exec flash-script |
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216 |
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217 * Erase the flash sectors to be used for the FFS (flash file system) by |
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218 FreeCalypso firmwares; the specific command depends on whether your phone has |
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219 2 MiB or 4 MiB flash. On 2 MiB flash phones: |
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220 |
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221 loadtool> flash erase 0x1C0000 0x30000 |
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222 |
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223 Or on 4 MiB flash phones: |
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224 |
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225 loadtool> flash erase 0x3C0000 0x30000 |
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226 |
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227 * Exiting fc-loadtool cleanly will cause it to power off the phone: |
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228 |
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229 loadtool> exit |
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230 |
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231 Reflashing between different FreeCalypso firmwares |
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232 ================================================== |
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233 |
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234 By the conventions established in the FreeCalypso family of projects, all of |
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235 our firmwares for C11x and C139 targets have the following in common: |
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236 |
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237 * They all stay out of the boot sector and expect to receive control from the |
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238 boot code in the same manner (boot entry point at 0x10058, exception vectors |
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239 at 0x10000), thus there is no need to reflash the dangerous boot sector when |
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240 going from one FC firmware to another. |
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241 |
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242 * They all use the same aftermarket FFS configuration of 3 sectors of 64 KiB |
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243 each (64x3) at 0x3C0000 on 4 MiB flash phones, or at 0x1C0000 on 2 MiB flash |
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244 phones. This FFS location is deliberately different from the one used by |
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245 Mot/Compal's firmwares, eliminating the possibility of one fw trying to use |
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246 the FFS created by the other, and by putting our FFS toward the end of the |
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247 flash we maximize the amount of flash space available for our firmware code |
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248 images. But even though we don't share our FFS with Mot/Compal's official |
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249 firmwares, we do share the same FFS between all of FreeCalypso firmware |
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250 projects - thus once you have initialized your FFS (see below) with one FC |
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251 firmware version, it will work with the others as well. |
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252 |
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253 If you need to reflash your C1xx phone from one FC firmware version to another, |
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254 simply get in with fc-loadtool -h compal (no more need for the inefficient |
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255 -c 1003 or -c 1004 options or for tfc139) and reflash just the fw image part: |
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256 |
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257 loadtool> exec flash-script |
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258 |
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259 First boot of the firmware |
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260 ========================== |
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261 |
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262 Connect the serial cable, but instead of running fc-loadtool, run rvinterf. |
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263 Press the red power button on the phone briefly just like you would for |
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264 fc-loadtool entry. Because there is no fc-loadtool running on the host end of |
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265 the serial cable, the boot path will *not* be diverted in the bootloader, and |
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266 the main fw image will run - and this time it will be the FreeCalypso firmware |
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267 you have compiled and flashed. If the fw you have flashed is the UI demo |
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268 configuration, the phone must have *NO* SIM in it the first time you boot it. |
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269 UI-enabled fw configurations automatically bring up the GSM radio and try to |
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270 connect to the default network on boot if there is a SIM present, and you don't |
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271 want your firmware trying to connect to a real live GSM network when you haven't |
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272 initialized your FFS yet. If the fw you have flashed is one of the AT-command- |
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273 controlled pseudo-modem configurations, then you don't need to worry if the SIM |
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274 is there or not on your first boot - just don't command it to connect to a |
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275 network until you have initialized the FFS. |
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276 |
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277 If you have flashed a non-UI firmware version, the phone's LCD will remain dark |
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278 as there is no LCD driver code in this firmware, but you will see trace output |
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279 in the rvinterf window, telling you that the fw is running. |
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280 |
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281 Before you do anything else, you will need to run fc-fsio and initialize the |
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282 aftermarket FFS for our firmware: |
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283 |
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284 fsio> format / |
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285 fsio> mk-std-dirs |
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286 fsio> set-imeisv fc XXXXXXXX-YYYYYY-ZZ (punctuation optional, place anywhere) |
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287 fsio> set-rfcap dual-eu (if you have 900+1800 MHz hardware) |
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288 or |
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289 fsio> set-rfcap dual-us (if you have 850+1900 MHz hardware) |
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290 |
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291 then additionally: |
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292 |
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293 fsio> upload-subtree rfbin /gsm/rf |
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294 fsio> write-charging-config /opt/freecalypso/charging/c1xx/standard |
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295 |
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296 The last two commands are new with the 2018-01 revision of the FC-to-C1xx |
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297 xenotransplantation procedure. The upload-subtree command uploads the RF |
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298 calibration values which you had extracted earlier with c1xx-calextr (the |
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299 instructions assume that you are running from the same directory where the |
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300 rfbin directory subtree had been created earlier), and this step is necessary |
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301 in order for your phone to continue to transmit at the correct power levels |
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302 after the conversion. The write-charging-config command uploads the |
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303 configuration settings for the FCHG battery charging driver, without which it |
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304 cannot charge the battery; you must have the charging config files from the |
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305 fc-battery-conf tree installed under /opt/freecalypso in order for this command |
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306 to work as given. |
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307 |
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308 It needs to be noted that the battery charging config settings uploaded with |
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309 fc-fsio write-charging-config take effect only on the next boot cycle of the |
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310 firmware, i.e., until the next reboot after the write-charging-config operation, |
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311 the firmware won't charge the battery even if there is a charging power source |
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312 plugged in. |
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313 |
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314 After you've initialized your FFS as above, you should exit fc-fsio, and your |
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315 next steps will depend on which fw configuration you are playing with. If it's |
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316 the sans-UI pseudo-modem configuration, run fc-shell and try some AT commands: |
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317 |
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318 AT+CMEE=2 -- enable verbose error responses |
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319 AT+CFUN=1 -- enable radio and SIM interfaces |
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320 AT+COPS=0 -- register to the default GSM network |
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321 |
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322 When you are done, you can power the phone off by sending a 'poweroff' command |
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323 through fc-shell, or you can kill rvinterf and wait for the firmware to power |
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324 off by the keepalive timeout after some 15 to 20 s. |
383
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325 |
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326 If you are playing with the UI demo firmware, after you have initialized your |
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327 FFS, you can power the phone off with the power button, insert a SIM, power it |
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328 back on and play with the primitive UI. |
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329 |
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330 Updating from previous versions |
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331 =============================== |
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332 |
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333 If you had previously initialized your aftermarket FFS using an earlier version |
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334 of these instructions, before we added the RF calibration and charging config |
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335 upload steps, you need to add these bits to your FFS. Update to the latest FC |
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336 host tools, extract the factory RF calibration values from a dump of your |
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337 phone's flash with c1xx-calextr, add the battery charging config files to your |
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338 /opt/freecalypso installation, boot the phone with rvinterf, get in with fc-fsio |
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339 and run the last two upload-subtree and write-charging-config commands as above. |
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340 |
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341 Recalibration |
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342 ============= |
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343 |
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344 In the interest of completeness, it needs to be noted that extracting Motorola's |
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345 original factory RF calibration values and reusing them for FreeCalypso is not |
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346 the only way: the other alternative is to perform a fresh calibration using a |
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347 Rohde&Schwarz CMU200 RF test machine and FreeCalypso RF calibration software |
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348 (fc-rfcal-tools). This approach will yield superior results, but the |
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349 requirement of having a CMU200 instrument which is itself properly calibrated |
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350 and a cabling setup with the right adapters whose insertion loss at particular |
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351 GSM frequencies is precisely known makes this approach feasible only for |
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352 professional FreeCalypso service shops, not for ordinary individual users. |