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annotate doc/C1xx-Howto @ 542:b48e9892ee65

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FFS dev.c: Mot C155 flash turns out to be of the same kind as on TI's D-Sample
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Tue, 06 Nov 2018 16:30:16 +0000
parents 9c5944d1bac5
children 4f378f6c5efa
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1 Running FreeCalypso firmware on Motorola C1xx phones
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2 ====================================================
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3
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4 Before we begin, it needs to be noted that running FreeCalypso fw on a C1xx
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5 phone is very much akin to xenotransplantation: Mot C1xx hardware is an alien
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6 to our FreeCalypso family (our native hw targets are those made by TI, Openmoko
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7 and us, not Motorola or Compal), and our non-Compal-based, non-Mot-based
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8 FreeCalypso fw is equally alien to the C1xx phones. The xenotransplantation
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9 procedure of converting a C1xx phone to FreeCalypso is highly unnatural, and
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10 involves a large number of cumbersome manual steps - you've been warned.
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11
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12 Preparing the host system
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13 =========================
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14
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15 Firmware flashing on Mot C1xx phones is accomplished through the headset jack
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16 via a special cable. There is no need to disassemble the phone in any way or
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17 to do any soldering or other hardware surgery, but you will need a host system
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18 to run the multitude of special software tools that are involved in the
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19 procedure. You will need to begin by installing FreeCalypso host tools, and
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20 the current version of the FC-to-C1xx xenotransplantation procedure (the
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21 additions from the previous version are RF calibration data migration and
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22 battery charging configuration) requires the latest fc-host-tools-r9 release:
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23
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24 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/fc-host-tools-r9.tar.bz2
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25
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26 You will also need the battery charging configuration files:
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27
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28 https://bitbucket.org/falconian/fc-battery-conf
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29
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30 Run 'make install' in the fc-battery-conf tree to add the battery charging
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31 configuration files to your FC host tools installation under /opt/freecalypso.
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32
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33 Flash backup and data gathering
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34 ===============================
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35
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36 Before you begin the actual conversion of your C1xx phone to FreeCalypso, you
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37 will need to gather the following pieces of information:
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38
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39 * The phone's IMEI - we don't know how to extract it out of Mot/Compal's non-TI
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40 flash data structures, so you will have to reset it manually after the
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41 firmware change. Of course you can set your "new" FreeCalypso IMEI to
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42 whatever you feel like, but if you wish to keep the original factory-assigned
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43 one, you will need to note it down manually, either from the sticker inside
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44 the battery compartment (*very* hard to read!) or by booting the phone up
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45 with its original fw prior to the conversion, entering *#06# and reading it
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46 from the display.
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47
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48 * Your specific phone's factory RF calibration values: you will need to make a
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49 dump of your phone's flash memory (also serves as a backup, always a good
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50 thing to have) with fc-loadtool and extract the numbers of interest with our
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51 c1xx-calextr utility, which is part of the new FC host tools.
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52
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53 * You need to know whether your phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands -
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54 you will need to communicate this information to the new fw after the
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55 conversion. To the best of our knowledge, all C11x/12x and C140 phones have
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56 900+1800 MHz bands, but C139 phones have been made in both versions. On the
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57 phones that have passed through our hands so far, the first two digits of the
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58 IMEI have been 35 on 900+1800 MHz phones and 01 on 850+1900 MHz ones.
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59
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60 * You need to know whether your phone has 2 MiB or 4 MiB flash. To the best of
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61 our knowledge, all C139/140 phones have 4 MiB flash, but C11x have been seen
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62 with both 2 MiB and 4 MiB flashes. The flash memory size will be autodetected
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63 by fc-loadtool as part of making the flash dump.
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64
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65 The Mother's method for keeping track of these per-phone bits of information is
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66 to create a separate directory for each phone with the IMEI as the directory
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67 name; the flash dump and the RF calibration bits extracted from it will then
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68 reside in that directory, while the IMEI is in the name of the directory itself.
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69
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70 Once you have created your per-phone directory and cd'ed into it, you are ready
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71 to run fc-loadtool to capture the flash dump. The phone needs to be off, but
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72 the battery needs to be present and have some charge in it; with the phone off,
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73 connect the serial cable between your host computer and the phone's headset
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74 jack, and run fc-loadtool as follows:
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75
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76 fc-loadtool -h compal -c 1004 /dev/ttyXXX
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77
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78 Change /dev/ttyXXX to the serial or USB-serial device corresponding to your
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79 serial cable. The -c 1004 option (adds a little inefficiency which is required
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80 for C139/140 phones) can be omitted if your phone is C11x/12x, but it is also
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81 harmless to always add it. With the serial cable connected, the phone in the
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82 powered-off state and the fc-loadtool process running and waiting for the phone,
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83 press the red power button on the phone - a momentary press is sufficient and
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84 recommended.
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85
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86 Once the phone boots the loadagent code fed to it serially by fc-loadtool and
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87 you land at the loadtool> prompt, issue the following command:
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88
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89 flash dump2bin flashdump.bin
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90
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91 Given this command, fc-loadtool will autodetect whether your phone has 2 MiB or
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92 4 MiB flash, then make a dump of the complete content of this flash memory and
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93 save it in a file named flashdump.bin in the current directory. When this
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94 operation completes, exit the loadtool session with the exit command - it will
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95 also cleanly power the phone off.
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96
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97 The next step is to extract the RF calibration values. Run a command of the
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98 following form:
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99
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100 c1xx-calextr -b rfbin flashdump.bin <offset>
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101
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102 Change <offset> to 0x1FC000 if your phone has 2 MiB flash (the size of
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103 flashdump.bin is 2097152 bytes) or 0x3FC000 if it has 4 MiB flash (the size of
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104 flashdump.bin is 4194304 bytes). The stdout scribbles from c1xx-calextr will
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105 indicate which per-band calibration records it finds (from which you can tell
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106 if the phone has 900+1800 MHz or 850+1900 MHz bands if you didn't have this
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107 knowledge already), and a directory named rfbin will be created, containing the
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108 correct subtree of directories and files which will need to be uploaded into
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109 the new FreeCalypso flash file system (FFS) under /gsm/rf after the firmware
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110 change.
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111
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112 Selecting and building the desired firmware config
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113 ==================================================
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114
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115 There is only one FC Magnetite firmware configuration for C11x/12x phones, but
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116 for the better C139/140 phones there are several to choose from. The following
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117 two configs are the currently recommended ones:
383
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118
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119 hybrid-vpm This config is available for both C11x/12x and C139/140
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120 subfamilies, although the actual fw images are different
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121 between the two. In this configuration the converted phone
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122 acts not as an end user phone, but as a voice pseudo-modem that
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123 needs to be controlled by a host computer via a serial cable to
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124 do anything interesting. See the Voice-pseudo-modem article
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125 for more information.
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126
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127 hybrid-ui-vo This config is available only for the C139/140 target, not
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128 C11x/12x. This configuration includes the UI layers, thus when
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129 a C139/140 phone runs this firmware, it is able to function as
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130 an untethered phone without a host computer connection.
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131 However, please be warned that this proof-of-concept UI is
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132 nowhere close to being practically usable - see the
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133 Handset-goal article for more info.
383
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134
457
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135 Both of the above are hybrid configurations in that they use the new TCS3
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136 versions of the G23M protocol stack and ACI (Application Control Interface)
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137 firmware components grafted on top of the TCS211 chipsetsw foundation, resulting
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138 in a fully built-from-source configuration without major blob components. The
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139 UI layers BMI and MFW in the UI-enabled hybrid-ui-vo config also come from the
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140 new TCS3 source, not the old version of unknown origin. They are "voice only"
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141 configs in that CSD, fax and GPRS functions are disabled - these functions
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142 cannot be made use of on Mot C1xx phones, and disabling them significantly
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143 reduces the weight of the firmware.
383
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144
457
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145 For the C139/140 target (but not for C11x/12x), it is also possible to build
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146 some of the older configs that use the old binary blob version of the G23M PS
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147 component and the corresponding old versions of ACI, MFW and BMI on top of it -
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148 however, those configuration are now officially deprecated except for only two
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149 remaining use cases which do not apply to Mot C1xx targets, hence they are no
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150 longer supported officially.
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151
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152 Thus we have a total of 3 possible build configurations, one for the C11x
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153 target and 2 for the C139:
383
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154
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155 ./configure.sh c11x hybrid-vpm
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156 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-vpm
457
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157 ./configure.sh c139 hybrid-ui-vo
383
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158
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159 See the Compiling article for more information on how to compile your own
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160 firmware image in one of the above configurations.
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161
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162 If this is your first time converting a given C1xx phone from its original
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163 firmware to FreeCalypso (as opposed to updating from an earlier FC firmware
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164 version), you will also need the compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin bootloader image
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165 in addition to the main fw image you just built:
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166
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167 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/FreeCalypso/compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin
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168
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169 Mot C1xx phones are brickable - because the Calypso boot ROM is disabled by PCB
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170 wiring, the ability to reflash a phone with new firmware critically depends on
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171 there being a particular kind of boot code in flash sector 0 at all times - a
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172 particular kind of boot code that allows the boot process to be interrupted and
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173 diverted to external code loaded via the headset jack serial port.
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174
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175 The FreeCalypso family of projects has adopted one specific version of the
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176 flash sector 0 boot code (produced by applying a binary patch to one of
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177 Compal/Motorola's original versions) for use with all of our firmwares for
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178 these phones. We use the same FC-C1xx bootloader on both C11x/12x and C139/140
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179 phones: the official bootloader versions are different between the two (and
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180 moreover, each particular official fw version comes with its own bootloader
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181 version), but the simpler bootloader version which we took from one particular
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182 C11x fw version works perfectly well on the C139 as well, hence we've adopted
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183 it for all combinations.
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184
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185 Once you have our compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin image flashed in sector 0, you
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186 can then flash whichever FC firmware image you like at offset 0x10000 without
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187 having to touch the dangerous boot sector.
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188
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189 Converting the phone to FreeCalypso fw
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190 ======================================
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191
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192 If you are starting with an unhacked C1xx phone running one of the official
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193 firmware versions, the procedure for flashing and bringing up FreeCalypso for
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194 the first time is as follows - *after* you have done all of the preparatory
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195 steps described in the preceding sections:
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196
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197 * Have your phone's battery fully charged - although you will regain the
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198 ability to charge it with FreeCalypso fw when the conversion is fully
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199 complete (not just the flashing part, but also the subsequent FFS
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200 initialization), your phone will not have this charging ability while you are
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201 in the middle of the xenotransplantation procedure.
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202
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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203 * Get in with fc-loadtool just like you did when you made the dump of your
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204 phone's flash memory for backup and RF calibration data extraction.
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205
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206 * Once you are in with fc-loadtool, i.e., at the loadtool> prompt, reflash the
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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207 boot sector with the FreeCalypso version:
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208
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209 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin
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210
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211 * To flash whichever FreeCalypso firmware image you would like to play with,
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212 execute the flashing script which the fw build system produced along with the
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213 actual image:
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214
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215 loadtool> exec flash-script
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216
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217 * Erase the flash sectors to be used for the FFS (flash file system) by
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218 FreeCalypso firmwares; the specific command depends on whether your phone has
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219 2 MiB or 4 MiB flash. On 2 MiB flash phones:
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220
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221 loadtool> flash erase 0x1C0000 0x30000
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222
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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diff changeset
223 Or on 4 MiB flash phones:
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224
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225 loadtool> flash erase 0x3C0000 0x30000
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226
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227 * Exiting fc-loadtool cleanly will cause it to power off the phone:
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228
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229 loadtool> exit
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230
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231 Reflashing between different FreeCalypso firmwares
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diff changeset
232 ==================================================
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233
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234 By the conventions established in the FreeCalypso family of projects, all of
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235 our firmwares for C11x and C139 targets have the following in common:
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236
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237 * They all stay out of the boot sector and expect to receive control from the
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238 boot code in the same manner (boot entry point at 0x10058, exception vectors
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diff changeset
239 at 0x10000), thus there is no need to reflash the dangerous boot sector when
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
240 going from one FC firmware to another.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
241
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242 * They all use the same aftermarket FFS configuration of 3 sectors of 64 KiB
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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243 each (64x3) at 0x3C0000 on 4 MiB flash phones, or at 0x1C0000 on 2 MiB flash
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
244 phones. This FFS location is deliberately different from the one used by
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
245 Mot/Compal's firmwares, eliminating the possibility of one fw trying to use
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parents:
diff changeset
246 the FFS created by the other, and by putting our FFS toward the end of the
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
247 flash we maximize the amount of flash space available for our firmware code
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
248 images. But even though we don't share our FFS with Mot/Compal's official
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
249 firmwares, we do share the same FFS between all of FreeCalypso firmware
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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diff changeset
250 projects - thus once you have initialized your FFS (see below) with one FC
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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diff changeset
251 firmware version, it will work with the others as well.
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diff changeset
252
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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diff changeset
253 If you need to reflash your C1xx phone from one FC firmware version to another,
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
254 simply get in with fc-loadtool -h compal (no more need for the inefficient
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255 -c 1003 or -c 1004 options or for tfc139) and reflash just the fw image part:
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256
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257 loadtool> exec flash-script
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258
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259 First boot of the firmware
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260 ==========================
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261
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262 Connect the serial cable, but instead of running fc-loadtool, run rvinterf.
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263 Press the red power button on the phone briefly just like you would for
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264 fc-loadtool entry. Because there is no fc-loadtool running on the host end of
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265 the serial cable, the boot path will *not* be diverted in the bootloader, and
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266 the main fw image will run - and this time it will be the FreeCalypso firmware
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267 you have compiled and flashed. If the fw you have flashed is the UI demo
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268 configuration, the phone must have *NO* SIM in it the first time you boot it.
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269 UI-enabled fw configurations automatically bring up the GSM radio and try to
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270 connect to the default network on boot if there is a SIM present, and you don't
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271 want your firmware trying to connect to a real live GSM network when you haven't
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272 initialized your FFS yet. If the fw you have flashed is one of the AT-command-
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273 controlled pseudo-modem configurations, then you don't need to worry if the SIM
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274 is there or not on your first boot - just don't command it to connect to a
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275 network until you have initialized the FFS.
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276
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277 If you have flashed a non-UI firmware version, the phone's LCD will remain dark
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278 as there is no LCD driver code in this firmware, but you will see trace output
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279 in the rvinterf window, telling you that the fw is running.
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280
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281 Before you do anything else, you will need to run fc-fsio and initialize the
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282 aftermarket FFS for our firmware:
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283
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284 fsio> format /
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285 fsio> mk-std-dirs
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286 fsio> set-imeisv fc XXXXXXXX-YYYYYY-ZZ (punctuation optional, place anywhere)
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287 fsio> set-rfcap dual-eu (if you have 900+1800 MHz hardware)
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288 or
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289 fsio> set-rfcap dual-us (if you have 850+1900 MHz hardware)
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290
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291 then additionally:
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292
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293 fsio> upload-subtree rfbin /gsm/rf
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294 fsio> write-charging-config /opt/freecalypso/charging/c1xx/standard
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295
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296 The last two commands are new with the 2018-01 revision of the FC-to-C1xx
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297 xenotransplantation procedure. The upload-subtree command uploads the RF
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298 calibration values which you had extracted earlier with c1xx-calextr (the
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299 instructions assume that you are running from the same directory where the
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300 rfbin directory subtree had been created earlier), and this step is necessary
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301 in order for your phone to continue to transmit at the correct power levels
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302 after the conversion. The write-charging-config command uploads the
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303 configuration settings for the FCHG battery charging driver, without which it
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304 cannot charge the battery; you must have the charging config files from the
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305 fc-battery-conf tree installed under /opt/freecalypso in order for this command
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306 to work as given.
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307
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308 It needs to be noted that the battery charging config settings uploaded with
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309 fc-fsio write-charging-config take effect only on the next boot cycle of the
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310 firmware, i.e., until the next reboot after the write-charging-config operation,
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311 the firmware won't charge the battery even if there is a charging power source
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312 plugged in.
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313
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314 After you've initialized your FFS as above, you should exit fc-fsio, and your
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315 next steps will depend on which fw configuration you are playing with. If it's
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316 the sans-UI pseudo-modem configuration, run fc-shell and try some AT commands:
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317
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318 AT+CMEE=2 -- enable verbose error responses
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319 AT+CFUN=1 -- enable radio and SIM interfaces
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320 AT+COPS=0 -- register to the default GSM network
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321
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322 When you are done, you can power the phone off by sending a 'poweroff' command
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323 through fc-shell, or you can kill rvinterf and wait for the firmware to power
510
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324 off by the keepalive timeout after some 15 to 20 s.
383
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325
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326 If you are playing with the UI demo firmware, after you have initialized your
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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327 FFS, you can power the phone off with the power button, insert a SIM, power it
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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328 back on and play with the primitive UI.
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329
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330 Updating from previous versions
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331 ===============================
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332
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333 If you had previously initialized your aftermarket FFS using an earlier version
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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334 of these instructions, before we added the RF calibration and charging config
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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335 upload steps, you need to add these bits to your FFS. Update to the latest FC
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336 host tools, extract the factory RF calibration values from a dump of your
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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337 phone's flash with c1xx-calextr, add the battery charging config files to your
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338 /opt/freecalypso installation, boot the phone with rvinterf, get in with fc-fsio
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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339 and run the last two upload-subtree and write-charging-config commands as above.
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340
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341 Recalibration
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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diff changeset
342 =============
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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343
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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344 In the interest of completeness, it needs to be noted that extracting Motorola's
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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345 original factory RF calibration values and reusing them for FreeCalypso is not
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346 the only way: the other alternative is to perform a fresh calibration using a
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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347 Rohde&Schwarz CMU200 RF test machine and FreeCalypso RF calibration software
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
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348 (fc-rfcal-tools). This approach will yield superior results, but the
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349 requirement of having a CMU200 instrument which is itself properly calibrated
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
350 and a cabling setup with the right adapters whose insertion loss at particular
43dbedde9d80 doc/C1xx-Howto written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
351 GSM frequencies is precisely known makes this approach feasible only for
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352 professional FreeCalypso service shops, not for ordinary individual users.