FreeCalypso > hg > fc-magnetite
annotate README @ 525:ecdb7aed6d3a
configs/l1reconst-bl: experimental config created
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Sat, 22 Sep 2018 03:40:04 +0000 |
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1 FreeCalypso Magnetite firmware project |
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2 ====================================== |
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3 |
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4 As of A.D. 2018, FC Magnetite is the primary official Calypso firmware source |
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5 tree for the FreeCalypso family of projects. This maintained and evolving |
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6 source can be built in many different configurations for several different |
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7 hardware targets, and is currently used in the following ways: |
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8 |
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9 * The official production firmwares for our fully supported GSM+GPRS modem |
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10 products (FCDEV3B and the modem part of Openmoko devices) are built from |
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11 this source tree. See doc/Modem-configs for this mode of usage. |
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12 |
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13 * The work in progress toward a future complete FreeCalypso phone handset |
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14 (also known as a Libre Dumbphone) is being done in this source tree. |
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15 See doc/Handset-goal for more info about this project direction. |
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16 |
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17 * One can play with FreeCalypso and get a taste for it using certain hardware |
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18 that used to be readily available and which most people in the phone hacking |
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19 scene already have: Motorola C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10. Firmware images of the |
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20 "hacking toy" sort can be built for these devices from the present source |
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21 tree, and one can exercise most of the functions and capabilities of |
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22 FreeCalypso (with the notable exception of CSD and GPRS) on this historical |
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23 but available-to-most-people hardware. See doc/C1xx-Howto, doc/Pirelli-Howto |
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24 and doc/Voice-pseudo-modem for more information. |
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25 |
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26 * If anyone besides the Mother has an original TI-made D-Sample hardware kit |
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27 for Calypso software development, we are doing the best we can to support |
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28 running our FreeCalypso firmware on this original TI hardware - see |
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29 doc/D-Sample for more information. |
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30 |
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31 Functionality |
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32 ============= |
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33 |
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34 TI's GSM mobile station firmware architecture supports two ways in which the |
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35 GSM device may be controlled: via AT commands from an external host and/or via |
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36 a local UI on devices with LCD & keypad hardware. (I said "and/or" because the |
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37 two mechanisms can coexist.) The code we got from TI (TCS211 and TCS3.2) is |
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38 very solid and mature in the modem configuration (control via AT commands only, |
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39 no UI, no battery management, no traditional handset on/off control), but the |
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40 additional code layers that are needed for handset products but not for modems |
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41 came in a very rough "proof of concept" condition, nowhere close to a usable |
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42 product. |
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43 |
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44 In FC Magnetite we further maintain and support the solid code base we got for |
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45 the modem functionality, and we are also working to improve the support for |
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46 handset products and bring it into a practically usable state. At the present |
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47 time the handset firmware work is on hold, paused until we design and build the |
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48 first prototype version of our own FreeCalypso handset hardware. The reason |
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49 for this hold is that we are not able to use TI's original development board |
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50 (see doc/D-Sample for the issues), hence we need to build our own hardware that |
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51 will serve in its place. Until then we focus on maintaining and supporting the |
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52 good working modem functionality. |
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53 |
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54 Both TI's original modem fw (TCS211) and our recreation thereof in this |
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55 Magnetite project support not only voice calls and SMS, but also CSD, fax and |
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56 GPRS. This advanced functionality is fully supported on our own GSM MS |
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57 development board (FCDEV3B), where both Calypso UARTs are presented directly to |
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58 the developer, as well as on the embedded Calypso modem in Openmoko GTA01/02 |
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59 smartphones, where the AT command channel with CSD, fax and GPRS capabilities |
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60 is connected to the phone's application processor. |
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61 |
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62 Build system |
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63 ============ |
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64 |
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65 Even though FC Magnetite is essentially unchanged TCS211 code base and builds |
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66 using TI's proprietary TMS470 compiler under Wine, the build system is entirely |
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67 new. TI's TCS211 build system, called BuSyB, works by way of a Java tool |
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68 generating a customized makefile for each desired build configuration, based on |
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69 lots of magic contained in a big repository of XML files. There are a bunch of |
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70 Perl scripts involved as well. The Java tool that does the heavy lifting exists |
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71 only as compiled Java bytecode sans source, and the surrounding Perl scripts |
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72 aren't very understandable either. And the whole thing thoroughly assumes a |
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73 Windows environment (drive letters, backslashes, case-insensitive file system) |
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74 throughout. As a result, when working with TCS211 fw with its original build |
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75 system, we had to treat these BuSyB-generated makefiles almost as being blobs in |
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76 themselves: regenerating a makefile from XML magic required major effort, there |
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77 were some bugs in the makefile generation which we couldn't fix and thus we had |
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78 to edit the makefiles manually after each regeneration - it was an utter mess, |
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79 and absolutely not an acceptable way to build a forward-looking, community- |
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80 serving project. |
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81 |
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82 In FC Magnetite I have recreated the relevant parts of the TCS211 build system, |
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83 using Bourne shell magic instead of Java and XML. Just like TI's BuSyB, ours |
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84 is a makefile generation system: in order to compile the firmware in a |
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85 particular desired configuration, you run a shell script to select the config |
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86 you would like. This shell script will create a dedicated build directory tree |
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87 to fully contain this build, and populate it with generated Makefiles and some |
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88 other bits - then you go into the just-created build directory and run make |
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89 there. The source and build trees are thus cleanly separated. See |
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90 doc/Compiling for detailed instructions. |
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91 |
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92 Another key difference from our previous TCS211-based firmware offerings is that |
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93 even though we still have to run TI's compiler binaries under Wine, the Wine |
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94 invokation has been moved from the top (root) of the build process to the |
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95 bottom leaves. With our previous TCS211-based works you would run Wine at the |
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96 top, and then the entire build process would proceed in the Windows environment, |
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97 using Windows versions of make and other nonsense. Not so in FC Magnetite: |
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98 in this firmware project all shell scripts, Makefiles, Perl scripts and other |
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99 build system accessories run at the native Unix level, and Wine is only invoked |
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100 at the lowest level by individual tool wrappers: for example, TI's compiler |
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101 binary cl470.exe is encapsulated in a Unix shell script called cl470 that |
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102 invokes Wine to run the Windows binary, presenting the illusion of a native |
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103 Unix tool to all upper levels. |
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104 |
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105 As yet another defenestration measure, all source files are checked into this |
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106 tree with Unix line endings. |
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107 |
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108 Two versions of the G23M protocol stack |
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109 ======================================= |
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110 |
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111 A major component of all functional firmware configurations is the mass of code |
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112 that implements layers 2 and 3 of the GSM+GPRS protocol stack, called G23M. In |
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113 FC Magnetite we have the option of using one of two different versions of this |
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114 key firmware component: |
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115 |
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116 * The original G23M version from Openmoko: this version is believed to be very |
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117 stable because it has been used (successfully to the best of our knowledge) |
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118 by Openmoko, and it came from TI's TCS211 program that officially targeted |
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119 the Calypso chipset - but it exists only as binary object libraries with no |
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120 corresponding source. The lack of source means no ability to change the |
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121 feature configuration (what is enabled and what is disabled), very difficult |
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122 to debug if something does go wrong - all of the usual problems of software |
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123 without source. |
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124 |
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125 * A newer version from TI's TCS3/LoCosto program. This version came to us in |
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126 the form of full C source, and because this fw component is chipset- |
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127 independent (unlike L1), we have successfully produced a TCS2/TCS3 hybrid in |
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128 which the new G23M code from TCS3.2 is grafted onto the chipsetsw foundation |
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129 from TCS211, which we have reconstructed into full C source form as well. |
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130 |
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131 Each of the two G23M PS versions also has its own version of the Application |
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132 Control Interface (ACI) layer to go with it, which we call aci2 and aci3 - |
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133 except that in the case of ACI, we have the full source for both versions. |
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134 Furthermore, in the case of firmware builds that have the phone UI layers |
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135 enabled (BMI and MFW, sitting on top of ACI), we likewise have different TCS2 |
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136 and TCS3 versions of these BMI and MFW layers, also with full source for both |
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137 versions. Thus the chipsetsw foundation is always the same TCS211, but then we |
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138 bifurcate: we can build either a pure TCS211 config using TCS211 versions of |
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139 G23M PS (blobs), ACI (source) and MFW+BMI (source), or a TCS2/TCS3 hybrid config |
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140 using the new TCS3 versions of G23M PS, ACI and MFW+BMI, all in full C source |
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141 form. |
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142 |
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143 The new TCS2/TCS3 hybrid config is the way forward, as our goal is to have no |
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144 blobs in our firmware - having the full source is a prerequisite for maintaining |
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145 a software product. FC Magnetite supports building both configurations in order |
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146 to facilitate the transition. As of this writing, the hybrid config is believed |
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147 to have reached feature parity with Openmoko-mimicking classic and l1reconst |
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148 configs, i.e., unless we missed or broke something, every feature that worked |
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149 correctly on Openmoko's original modem should work just as well with our hybrid |
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150 firmware. All functionality (both standard and OM-custom) that can be tested |
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151 in our lab appears to work flawlessly; the new hybrid modem fw now needs to be |
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152 tested by a larger number of users in real-life usage. |
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153 |
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154 Other blobs |
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155 =========== |
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156 |
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157 The TCS2/TCS3 hybrid firmware is built almost entirely from source; the only |
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158 components which are linked in the form of prebuilt libraries are GPF, Nucleus |
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159 and the TMS470 compiler's equivalent of libc/libgcc. It needs to be noted that |
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160 these components are so stable and configuration-independent that they were |
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161 used mostly in prebuilt library form even inside TI. In the case of GPF we've |
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162 got the corresponding source for most of the modules within those libs; for the |
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163 few modules for which the original source has been lost (OSL and OSX), we have |
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164 a reconstructed source and one can build a Magnetite config (hybrid-gpf) that |
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165 uses these reconstructed versions of OSL and OSX instead of the blobs, but we |
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166 are not 100% confident in the quality of this reconstruction, hence this |
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167 hybrid-gpf config is currently considered experimental, not production. In the |
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168 case of Nucleus we likewise have another version of it in full source form |
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169 which has been proven good in other FreeCalypso firmware projects, but it is |
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170 not used in Magnetite. |
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171 |
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172 Blob-free, gcc-built version |
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173 ============================ |
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174 |
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175 For those who require or desire a firmware version that is completely free of |
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176 any blobs and builds with a FLOSS compiler, we now have a new experimental |
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177 firmware project called FreeCalypso Selenite: |
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178 |
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179 https://bitbucket.org/falconian/fc-selenite |
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180 |
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181 FC Selenite is based on FC Magnetite (just the modem functionality, no work-in- |
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182 progress phone UI, and only the hybrid code version), but it uses the new |
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183 full-source version of Nucleus and our reconstructed versions of OSL and OSX, |
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184 and it offers the option of building either with the original TMS470 compiler |
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185 or with gcc. The gcc-built version also uses entirely new implementations of |
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186 all assembly components and linker script magic, as the two toolchain |
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187 environments are entirely different in this regard. |
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188 |
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189 This new Selenite firmware is expected to fully supplant our earlier and now |
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190 completely unmaintained Citrine fw (our first attempt at gcc-built fw), but it |
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191 is still highly experimental: as of this writing, GPRS does not work at all in |
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192 Selenite-gcc (Citrine does not have any GPRS support either), and even the |
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193 GSM-only config with GPRS disabled exhibits some intermittent glitches. Thus |
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194 the stable production fw is still TMS470-built FC Magnetite for the time being. |
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195 |
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196 Further reading |
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197 =============== |
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198 |
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199 For various instructions and notes specific to this FreeCalypso Magnetite |
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200 firmware, look in the doc directory. For more information about the overall |
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201 FreeCalypso project and our hardware building aspirations, go to our website: |
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202 |
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203 https://www.freecalypso.org/ |