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annotate doc/Low-level-commands @ 99:97ba63d9361a

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scripts/fcsim1-sst: turn off STK & OTA services In the initial unprogrammed state of the cards from Grcard, SST has services 25 through 29 set to allocated and activated. However, these cards appear to not actually support OTA, ENVELOPE commands do nothing (just return SW 9000), and they were never observed issuing any proactive SIM commands, even after a feature-generous TERMINAL PROFILE. Therefore, let's list these STK & OTA services as allocated, but not activated in our FCSIM1 SST.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Wed, 05 May 2021 04:26:07 +0000
parents 871281cb0555
children
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1 fc-simtool is a tool built from the bottom up: at the foundation there is a set
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2 of low-level commands that provide raw access to the actual SIM protocol APDU
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3 commands, these low-level commands can be used to do everything that the SIM
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4 protocol allows, and all higher-level commands merely provide user-friendly
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5 utilities for the most common particular use cases. This document describes
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6 these low-level commands. Readers of this document are expected to know the
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7 SIM interface protocol as defined in GSM TS 11.11 and its successor 3GPP TS
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8 51.011.
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9
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10 Exploring and reading commands
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11 ==============================
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12
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13 atr
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15 This command displays the ATR (Answer To Reset) byte string which the SIM sent
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16 to the reader when it powered up.
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18 select File_ID
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20 This fc-simtool command sends a SELECT command to the SIM, follows up with a
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21 GET RESPONSE command as expected in the T=0 protocol, and provides some human-
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22 readable parsing of the most important fields in the SIM response structure.
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23 If a correctly formed response was received from the SIM and this response
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24 structure indicates that a record-based EF has been selected, the indicated
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25 record length is saved in an internal variable used by readrec and update-rec
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26 commands.
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27
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28 The file ID can be specified either in hexadecimal (exactly 4 hex digits, *no*
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29 0x prefix) or as a symbolic name. fc-simtool knows the following symbolic
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30 names:
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31
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32 * MF
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33 * DF_GSM, DF_DCS1800 and DF_TELECOM
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34 * "gsm" and "telecom" as shorthand names for DF_GSM and DF_TELECOM
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35 * Some of the most classic EFs, but not all
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36
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37 Important note: regardless of whether you specify the file ID in raw hex or
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38 symbolically, this low-level select command will send only one SELECT command
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39 to the SIM. Per the SIM protocol, in order to successfully select an EF, you
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40 have to be in the right directory first, i.e., select MF, DF_GSM or DF_TELECOM
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41 as appropriate before the EF of interest. Our low-level select command does
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42 NOT do this extra step on its own, you have to do it explicitly, even if you
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43 use symbolic names for EFs.
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44
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45 sim-resp
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46
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47 This command displays in raw hex the content of the internal buffer that holds
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48 the last response received from the SIM. This internal buffer is filled by the
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49 GET RESPONSE command that follows up after SELECT or RUN GSM ALGORITHM, and by
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50 the READ BINARY or READ RECORD commands, whether they are invoked directly as
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51 low-level commands (select, readbin, readrec or a38) or internally as part of
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52 higher-level fc-simtool commands.
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53
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54 readbin offset len
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55
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56 This fc-simtool command sends a READ BINARY command to the SIM and displays the
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57 SIM response in raw hex, internally invoking the same function as sim-resp.
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58 The two arguments are exactly as in the READ BINARY protocol command; each
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59 number is interpreted as decimal by default or as hex if preceded by 0x.
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60
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61 readrec record-index [len]
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62
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63 This fc-simtool command sends a READ RECORD command to the SIM (absolute
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64 addressing mode) and displays the SIM response in raw hex, internally invoking
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65 the same function as sim-resp. The arguments are decimal or hex as in the
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66 readbin command.
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67
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68 If no explicit length argument is given, readrec uses the internal variable set
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69 by the last select operation. This one-argument form is almost always used in
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70 practice, as the SIM will normally reject any requested length that does not
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71 match the current EF record length.
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72
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73 readef File_ID
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74
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75 This fc-simtool command provides a slightly higher-level facility for examining
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76 the content of EFs, combining select and readbin or readrec operations. The
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77 sole File_ID argument is the same as for the low-level select command; the SIM
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78 response to SELECT is then parsed to decide what to do next. Transparent EFs
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79 are read using as many READ BINARY commands as necessary (up to 256 bytes can
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80 be read in one APDU exchange) and displayed as a continuous hex dump. For
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81 record-based EFs (linear fixed and cyclic), readef reads and separately
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82 hex-dumps every record.
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83
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84 Just like with the low-level select command, there is no built-in MF/DF
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85 selection.
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86
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87 savebin File_ID out-bin-file
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88
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89 This command selects the specified EF (just like with low-level select and
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90 readef, you need to be in the right MF/DF directory) and saves its complete
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91 content in a raw binary file on the UNIX host file system. This command
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92 supports all 3 types of EF (transparent, linear fixed and cyclic) and uses the
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93 correct READ BINARY or READ RECORD commands based on the SELECT response.
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94 Record-based EFs are read in the order of increasing record number and are saved
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95 in the host binary file with all records simply abutted together.
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96
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97 Writing commands
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98 ================
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99
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100 update-bin offset hexfile
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101
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102 This fc-simtool command reads a hex data file (an ASCII text file containing
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103 only hex byte values and nothing else, with or without white space between
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104 bytes, newlines treated as any other white space) and sends this byte content
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105 to the SIM in an UPDATE BINARY command. The offset argument is the same as in
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106 the readbin command. The length is the number of bytes read from the hex data
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107 file.
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108
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109 update-bin-imm offset hex-string
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110
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111 This command works like update-bin, but the bytes to be written are given as a
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112 hex string direct argument (like an immediate operand in assembly languages),
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113 rather than via a hex data file.
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114
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115 update-rec record-index hexfile
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116
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117 This fc-simtool command reads a hex data file (just like update-bin) and sends
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118 this byte content to the SIM in an UPDATE RECORD command, using either absolute
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119 or PREVIOUS addressing mode. The record-index argument is the same as in the
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120 readrec command for the absolute addressing mode, or 'prev' keyword to use the
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121 PREVIOUS addressing mode for writing to cyclic EFs. The number of bytes in the
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122 hex data file must equal the EF record length.
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123
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124 update-rec-imm record-index hex-string
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125
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126 This command works like update-rec, but the bytes to be written are given as a
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127 hex string direct argument (like an immediate operand in assembly languages),
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128 rather than via a hex data file.
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129
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130 update-rec-fill record-index fill-byte
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131
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132 This fc-simtool command sends an UPDATE RECORD command to the SIM with payload
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133 equal to the specified fill byte, replicated to the record length. The fill
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134 byte argument is always interpreted as hexadecimal.
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135
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136 restore-file File_ID host-bin-file
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137
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138 This command restores a binary backup previously made with savebin back to the
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139 SIM, or writes new bits into the EF if you can construct the necessary binary
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140 image with tools like xxd. The arguments are the same as for the savebin
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141 command. This command supports all 3 types of EF (transparent, linear fixed
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142 and cyclic) and uses the correct UPDATE BINARY or UPDATE RECORD commands based
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143 on the SELECT response. Cyclic files are restored by writing every record in
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144 the reverse order from the last index to the first.
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145
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146 erase-file File_ID [fill-byte]
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147
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148 This command erases the specified EF by overwriting its content with the
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149 specified fill byte, which defaults to 0xFF if the second argument is omitted.
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150 All 3 EF types (transparent, linear fixed and cyclic) are supported: for
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151 transparent EFs fc-simtool issues as many UPDATE BINARY commands as needed to
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152 overwrite the whole file, whereas for record-based EFs every record is
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153 overwritten with UPDATE RECORD.
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154
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155 INVALIDATE and REHABILITATE
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156 ===========================
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157
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158 cur-ef-inval will send an INVALIDATE command to the SIM; cur-ef-rehab will send
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159 a REHABILITATE command. The naming of these low-level fc-simtool commands
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160 reflects the fact that you have to manually select the EF of interest first.
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161
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162 GSM authentication testing
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163 ==========================
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164
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165 a38 RAND
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166
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167 This fc-simtool command exercises the SIM card's RUN GSM ALGORITHM command.
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168 The user-specified RAND value (a hex string of 16 bytes) is sent to the SIM,
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169 and the SIM response is parsed to display SRES and Kc.
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170
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171 Per SIM specs GSM TS 11.11 and 3GPP TS 51.011, RUN GSM ALGORITHM can only be
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172 executed when DF_GSM is selected. fc-simtool a38 command does NOT include a
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173 built-in SELECT of DF_GSM, hence you need to manually issue 'select DF_GSM'
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174 first.
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175
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176 This a38 command can be used to verify if the SIM card's Ki and A38 algorithm
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177 match what you expect them to be. To perform this test, issue an a38 command
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178 to the SIM with some made-up RAND and note the SRES and Kc response. Then use
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179 the osmo-auc-gen utility from Osmocom to run the expected algorithm with the
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180 expected Ki (and the expected OPc if MILENAGE is used) and the same RAND, and
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181 see if SRES and Kc match.
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182
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183 Exploring proprietary APDUs
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184 ===========================
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185
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186 If the SIM you are working with is known or suspected to implement some
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187 non-standard or proprietary APDUs for which there is no explicit support in
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188 fc-simtool, you can use this low-level debug command to send arbitrary APDUs:
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189
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190 apdu "xx xx xx xx xx ..."
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191
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192 The sole argument is a raw string of bytes (quotes are needed if there are
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193 spaces between bytes), and the APDU needs to be given exactly as it is sent in
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194 the T=0 protocol: 5 bytes of header (including the length byte) followed by
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195 data bytes, if any. After executing the APDU exchange, the apdu command simply
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196 prints the SW response code from the SIM.
58
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197
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198 A different form of the raw APDU command is provided for use in custom command
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199 scripts:
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200
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201 apdu-checksw "xx xx xx xx xx ..." YYZZ
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202
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203 This command takes two arguments at the argv level: the first is the same string
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204 of bytes as in the basic apdu command (will need to be quoted if it contains
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205 spaces between bytes), and the second argument is the expected SW response from
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206 the SIM. If the SW response from the SIM is exactly as expected, the execution
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207 of the command is considered to be successful; if the SW response is different,
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208 an error is reported and script execution is stopped.