annotate doc/Serial-SIM-readers @ 99:97ba63d9361a

scripts/fcsim1-sst: turn off STK & OTA services In the initial unprogrammed state of the cards from Grcard, SST has services 25 through 29 set to allocated and activated. However, these cards appear to not actually support OTA, ENVELOPE commands do nothing (just return SW 9000), and they were never observed issuing any proactive SIM commands, even after a feature-generous TERMINAL PROFILE. Therefore, let's list these STK & OTA services as allocated, but not activated in our FCSIM1 SST.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Wed, 05 May 2021 04:26:07 +0000
parents b0cf75d0bb2d
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47
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 A serial SIM reader is a very simple hardware gadget consisting of just the
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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2 following:
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3
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4 * An always-on power supply (voltage determined by hw design) connected to SIM
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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5 VCC contact;
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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6
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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7 * An always-on fixed-frequency clock fed to SIM CLK contact;
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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8
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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9 * SIM I/O line connected to both TxD and RxD of a general-purpose UART, with
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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10 UART TxD driving SIM I/O by way of an open collector or open drain buffer;
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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11
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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12 * SIM RST line controlled by one of the modem control lines, either DTR or RTS.
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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13
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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14 In order to successfully communicate with the SIM, the UART baud rate needs to
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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15 be set to clock_freq/372, where clock_freq is the clock frequency fed to SIM CLK
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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16 contact, determined by the crystal oscillator used in the design of the serial
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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17 SIM reader gadget. This baud rate must be used initially for receiving ATR and
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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18 performing PTS, and it can also be used for the entire card session if the user
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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19 is content with the default slow speed - however, if the SIM card supports speed
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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20 enhancement (almost all cards do), this speed enhancement feature can be
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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21 supported with serial SIM readers if the UART baud rate can be switched under
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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22 software control from clock_freq/372 to clock_freq/64.
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23
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24 I (Mother Mychaela) am a very late comer to this game, thus I am not able to
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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25 speak with authority regarding the history of how serial SIM readers came about.
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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26 However, my understanding of this history is that early serial SIM readers were
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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27 RS-232 serial rather than USB-serial, thus they were constrained to use only
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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28 standard RS-232 baud rates like 9600 bps. And even when "serial" SIM readers
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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29 are really USB-serial, with a USB UART chip built directly into the custom
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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30 gadget, most people are still used to standard RS-232 baud rates (and the most
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31 important OSes still make it unreasonably difficult to use non-standard baud
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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32 rates on USB-serial and other ports that are capable of such), thus the classic
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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33 baud rate of 9600 bps has stuck.
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34
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35 When a serial SIM reader gadget is designed to operate at 9600 baud, the crystal
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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36 oscillator frequency should ideally be 3.571200 MHz: 9600 * 372 = 3571200.
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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37 However, most real-life serial SIM readers out there have been built in a "race
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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38 to the bottom" fashion in terms of cost, and they typically feature crystals of
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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39 some frequency that is close to the ideal one, but not exactly - apparently
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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40 crystals of other nearby frequencies are cheaper than getting one for the ideal
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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41 frequency of 3.571200 MHz. (As a practical example, the USB-serial SIM reader
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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42 I bought on ebay in 2021-03 features a 3.579545 MHz crystal.) These serial SIM
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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43 readers with slightly-off crystals exploit the baud rate error tolerance that is
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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44 inherent in all UART interfaces.
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45
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46 The use of 3.571200 MHz (or close to this frequency) clocks in USB-serial SIM
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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47 reader designs is a case of conservative thinking, as opposed to maximizing
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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48 speed. The highest clock frequency allowed by SIM card specs is 5 MHz for
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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49 class A (5.0 V) or 4 MHz for classes B and C (3.0 V and 1.8 V), thus if someone
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50 sought maximum SIM communication speed, they could use a higher frequency clock
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51 (for example, the same 4.8 MHz clock that is used in the USB CCID reader on
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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52 which I measured it with an oscilloscope, HID Omnikey 3121), use a high-quality
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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53 USB-serial chip with good support for non-standard baud rates, and design the
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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54 software around the resulting non-standard baud rates, including baud rate
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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55 switching for SIM speed enhancement. If anyone has ever made such a USB-serial
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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56 SIM reader, our tools are ready to support it - but I don't know if anyone has
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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57 ever built such a gadget.
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58
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59 In case of serial SIM readers with 3.571200 MHz (or nearby) clocks, it is my
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60 (Mychaela's) guess that their designers probably never considered the
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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61 possibility of using SIM speed enhancement, and that most programmers who write
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62 software tools for such readers don't consider it either, resigning themselves
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63 to just the default slow speed mode of F=372 D=1. However, if the SIM card
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64 supports F=512 D=8 speed enhancement (almost all cards do) and this mode is
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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65 activated via PTS procedure, the baud rate becomes 55800 bps. This baud rate
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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66 is non-standard - however, the USB-serial chip in the SIM reader gadget I got
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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67 from ebay supports it just fine. (The USB-serial chip in this particular reader
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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68 is a PL2303, so I initially thought that it wouldn't support non-standard baud
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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69 rates - however, a closer investigation revealed that the popular notion of
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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70 these chips not supporting non-standard baud rates is actually a myth: PL2303
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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71 chips support non-standard baud rates just fine, instead this support was
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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72 lacking in earlier versions of the Linux kernel pl2303 driver.)
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73
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74 Our FC SIM tools back end for serial SIM readers supports 55800 baud speed
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75 enhancement mode whenever the UART and its Linux kernel driver support it, and
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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76 we also support even higher speed enhancement modes: if the UART can handle
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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77 111600 baud, we can use F=512 D=16 mode, and if the UART can handle 223200 baud,
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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78 we can use F=512 D=32 mode which most newer SIM cards support. And yes, the
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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79 PL2303 USB-serial chip in the SIM reader I got from ebay supports this fastest
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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80 223200 baud mode just fine.
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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81
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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82 Using fc-simtool with serial SIM readers
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83 ========================================
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84
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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85 The most basic usage is as follows:
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86
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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87 fc-simtool -d /dev/ttyXXX
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88
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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89 If the serial SIM reader uses a 3.571200 MHz (or nearby frequency) crystal and
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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90 you are not going for speed enhancement (i.e., if you are sticking with 9600
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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91 baud for the entire card session), then no further options are needed.
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92
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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93 If the clock frequency stays at 3.571200 MHz (or nearby) but you do wish to use
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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94 speed enhancement, add one of the following options:
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95
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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96 -e1 if your UART can handle 55800 bps;
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97 -e2 if your UART can handle 55800 and 111600 bps;
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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98 -e4 if your UART can handle 55800, 111600 and 223200 bps.
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99
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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100 The actual selected mode will be based both on the UART capabilities declared
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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101 with the -e option and on the SIM card capabilities indicated in the ATR TA1
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102 byte.
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103
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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104 If your serial SIM reader uses a different clock frequency such that you need to
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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105 use baud rates other than 9600 and 55800 bps for standard and speed-enhanced
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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106 modes, respectively, then you need to use the more general -b option instead of
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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107 -e, taking one of the following forms:
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108
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109 -b base_baud
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110 -b base_baud,spenh_baud
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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111 -b base_baud,spenh_baud,spenh_max
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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112
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113 base_baud is the initial baud rate to use for receiving ATR; if no further
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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114 comma-separated parameters are specified, then this initial baud rate persists
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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115 for the entire card session without any speed enhancement modes. spenh_baud is
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116 the baud rate to use for F=512 D=8 speed enhancement mode. spenh_max must be
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117 1, 2, 4 or 8 (the default is 1); it is the maximum further multiplier that can
b0cf75d0bb2d doc/Serial-SIM-readers article written
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118 be applied to spenh_baud, if any.