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annotate doc/Low-level-commands @ 68:c5e7c9e1d857

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GSM7 to qstring decoding: rework in a new way, emit \E for Euro
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Thu, 25 Mar 2021 00:04:08 +0000
parents 871281cb0555
children
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1 fc-simtool is a tool built from the bottom up: at the foundation there is a set
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2 of low-level commands that provide raw access to the actual SIM protocol APDU
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3 commands, these low-level commands can be used to do everything that the SIM
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4 protocol allows, and all higher-level commands merely provide user-friendly
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5 utilities for the most common particular use cases. This document describes
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6 these low-level commands. Readers of this document are expected to know the
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7 SIM interface protocol as defined in GSM TS 11.11 and its successor 3GPP TS
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8 51.011.
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9
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10 Exploring and reading commands
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11 ==============================
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12
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13 atr
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15 This command displays the ATR (Answer To Reset) byte string which the SIM sent
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16 to the reader when it powered up.
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18 select File_ID
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20 This fc-simtool command sends a SELECT command to the SIM, follows up with a
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21 GET RESPONSE command as expected in the T=0 protocol, and provides some human-
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22 readable parsing of the most important fields in the SIM response structure.
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23 If a correctly formed response was received from the SIM and this response
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24 structure indicates that a record-based EF has been selected, the indicated
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25 record length is saved in an internal variable used by readrec and update-rec
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26 commands.
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28 The file ID can be specified either in hexadecimal (exactly 4 hex digits, *no*
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29 0x prefix) or as a symbolic name. fc-simtool knows the following symbolic
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30 names:
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31
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32 * MF
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33 * DF_GSM, DF_DCS1800 and DF_TELECOM
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34 * "gsm" and "telecom" as shorthand names for DF_GSM and DF_TELECOM
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35 * Some of the most classic EFs, but not all
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36
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37 Important note: regardless of whether you specify the file ID in raw hex or
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38 symbolically, this low-level select command will send only one SELECT command
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39 to the SIM. Per the SIM protocol, in order to successfully select an EF, you
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40 have to be in the right directory first, i.e., select MF, DF_GSM or DF_TELECOM
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41 as appropriate before the EF of interest. Our low-level select command does
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42 NOT do this extra step on its own, you have to do it explicitly, even if you
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43 use symbolic names for EFs.
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44
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45 sim-resp
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46
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47 This command displays in raw hex the content of the internal buffer that holds
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48 the last response received from the SIM. This internal buffer is filled by the
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49 GET RESPONSE command that follows up after SELECT or RUN GSM ALGORITHM, and by
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50 the READ BINARY or READ RECORD commands, whether they are invoked directly as
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51 low-level commands (select, readbin, readrec or a38) or internally as part of
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52 higher-level fc-simtool commands.
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53
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54 readbin offset len
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55
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56 This fc-simtool command sends a READ BINARY command to the SIM and displays the
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57 SIM response in raw hex, internally invoking the same function as sim-resp.
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58 The two arguments are exactly as in the READ BINARY protocol command; each
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59 number is interpreted as decimal by default or as hex if preceded by 0x.
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60
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61 readrec record-index [len]
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62
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63 This fc-simtool command sends a READ RECORD command to the SIM (absolute
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64 addressing mode) and displays the SIM response in raw hex, internally invoking
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65 the same function as sim-resp. The arguments are decimal or hex as in the
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66 readbin command.
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67
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68 If no explicit length argument is given, readrec uses the internal variable set
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69 by the last select operation. This one-argument form is almost always used in
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70 practice, as the SIM will normally reject any requested length that does not
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71 match the current EF record length.
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72
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73 readef File_ID
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74
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75 This fc-simtool command provides a slightly higher-level facility for examining
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76 the content of EFs, combining select and readbin or readrec operations. The
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77 sole File_ID argument is the same as for the low-level select command; the SIM
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78 response to SELECT is then parsed to decide what to do next. Transparent EFs
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79 are read using as many READ BINARY commands as necessary (up to 256 bytes can
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80 be read in one APDU exchange) and displayed as a continuous hex dump. For
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81 record-based EFs (linear fixed and cyclic), readef reads and separately
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82 hex-dumps every record.
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83
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84 Just like with the low-level select command, there is no built-in MF/DF
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85 selection.
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86
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87 savebin File_ID out-bin-file
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88
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89 This command selects the specified EF (just like with low-level select and
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90 readef, you need to be in the right MF/DF directory) and saves its complete
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91 content in a raw binary file on the UNIX host file system. This command
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92 supports all 3 types of EF (transparent, linear fixed and cyclic) and uses the
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93 correct READ BINARY or READ RECORD commands based on the SELECT response.
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94 Record-based EFs are read in the order of increasing record number and are saved
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95 in the host binary file with all records simply abutted together.
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96
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97 Writing commands
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98 ================
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99
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100 update-bin offset hexfile
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101
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102 This fc-simtool command reads a hex data file (an ASCII text file containing
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103 only hex byte values and nothing else, with or without white space between
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104 bytes, newlines treated as any other white space) and sends this byte content
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105 to the SIM in an UPDATE BINARY command. The offset argument is the same as in
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106 the readbin command. The length is the number of bytes read from the hex data
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107 file.
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108
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109 update-bin-imm offset hex-string
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110
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111 This command works like update-bin, but the bytes to be written are given as a
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112 hex string direct argument (like an immediate operand in assembly languages),
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113 rather than via a hex data file.
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114
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115 update-rec record-index hexfile
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116
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117 This fc-simtool command reads a hex data file (just like update-bin) and sends
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118 this byte content to the SIM in an UPDATE RECORD command, using either absolute
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119 or PREVIOUS addressing mode. The record-index argument is the same as in the
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120 readrec command for the absolute addressing mode, or 'prev' keyword to use the
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121 PREVIOUS addressing mode for writing to cyclic EFs. The number of bytes in the
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122 hex data file must equal the EF record length.
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123
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124 update-rec-imm record-index hex-string
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125
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126 This command works like update-rec, but the bytes to be written are given as a
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127 hex string direct argument (like an immediate operand in assembly languages),
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128 rather than via a hex data file.
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129
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130 update-rec-fill record-index fill-byte
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131
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132 This fc-simtool command sends an UPDATE RECORD command to the SIM with payload
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133 equal to the specified fill byte, replicated to the record length. The fill
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134 byte argument is always interpreted as hexadecimal.
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135
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136 restore-file File_ID host-bin-file
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137
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138 This command restores a binary backup previously made with savebin back to the
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139 SIM, or writes new bits into the EF if you can construct the necessary binary
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140 image with tools like xxd. The arguments are the same as for the savebin
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141 command. This command supports all 3 types of EF (transparent, linear fixed
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142 and cyclic) and uses the correct UPDATE BINARY or UPDATE RECORD commands based
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143 on the SELECT response. Cyclic files are restored by writing every record in
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144 the reverse order from the last index to the first.
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145
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146 erase-file File_ID [fill-byte]
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147
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148 This command erases the specified EF by overwriting its content with the
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149 specified fill byte, which defaults to 0xFF if the second argument is omitted.
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150 All 3 EF types (transparent, linear fixed and cyclic) are supported: for
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151 transparent EFs fc-simtool issues as many UPDATE BINARY commands as needed to
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152 overwrite the whole file, whereas for record-based EFs every record is
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153 overwritten with UPDATE RECORD.
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154
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155 INVALIDATE and REHABILITATE
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156 ===========================
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157
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158 cur-ef-inval will send an INVALIDATE command to the SIM; cur-ef-rehab will send
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159 a REHABILITATE command. The naming of these low-level fc-simtool commands
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160 reflects the fact that you have to manually select the EF of interest first.
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161
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162 GSM authentication testing
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163 ==========================
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164
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165 a38 RAND
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166
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167 This fc-simtool command exercises the SIM card's RUN GSM ALGORITHM command.
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168 The user-specified RAND value (a hex string of 16 bytes) is sent to the SIM,
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169 and the SIM response is parsed to display SRES and Kc.
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170
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171 Per SIM specs GSM TS 11.11 and 3GPP TS 51.011, RUN GSM ALGORITHM can only be
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172 executed when DF_GSM is selected. fc-simtool a38 command does NOT include a
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173 built-in SELECT of DF_GSM, hence you need to manually issue 'select DF_GSM'
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174 first.
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175
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176 This a38 command can be used to verify if the SIM card's Ki and A38 algorithm
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177 match what you expect them to be. To perform this test, issue an a38 command
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178 to the SIM with some made-up RAND and note the SRES and Kc response. Then use
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179 the osmo-auc-gen utility from Osmocom to run the expected algorithm with the
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180 expected Ki (and the expected OPc if MILENAGE is used) and the same RAND, and
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181 see if SRES and Kc match.
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182
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183 Exploring proprietary APDUs
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184 ===========================
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185
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186 If the SIM you are working with is known or suspected to implement some
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187 non-standard or proprietary APDUs for which there is no explicit support in
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188 fc-simtool, you can use this low-level debug command to send arbitrary APDUs:
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189
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190 apdu "xx xx xx xx xx ..."
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191
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192 The sole argument is a raw string of bytes (quotes are needed if there are
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193 spaces between bytes), and the APDU needs to be given exactly as it is sent in
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194 the T=0 protocol: 5 bytes of header (including the length byte) followed by
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195 data bytes, if any. After executing the APDU exchange, the apdu command simply
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196 prints the SW response code from the SIM.
58
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197
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198 A different form of the raw APDU command is provided for use in custom command
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199 scripts:
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200
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201 apdu-checksw "xx xx xx xx xx ..." YYZZ
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202
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203 This command takes two arguments at the argv level: the first is the same string
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204 of bytes as in the basic apdu command (will need to be quoted if it contains
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205 spaces between bytes), and the second argument is the expected SW response from
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206 the SIM. If the SW response from the SIM is exactly as expected, the execution
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207 of the command is considered to be successful; if the SW response is different,
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208 an error is reported and script execution is stopped.