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annotate doc/Sysmocom-SIM-notes @ 18:da6e9d0b2ee6

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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sun, 14 Mar 2021 07:57:09 +0000
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children b9fc7022f9ac
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18
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1 The present suite of tools (fc-simtool and fc-uicc-tool) is NOT a good fit for
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2 programming sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2 cards made by Sysmocom and sold
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3 in their webshop, because of the following combination of factors:
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4
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5 1) These cards are primarily USIM/ISIM, with classic GSM 11.11 SIM support
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6 regarded as "backward compatibility" - thus they have a lot of important
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7 files under ADF.USIM and ADF.ISIM which are not accessible via the classic
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8 GSM 11.11 SIM protocol.
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9
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10 2) Our main feature-rich tool is fc-simtool, but this tool speaks only the
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11 classic GSM 11.11 SIM protocol, hence it cannot access any of the USIM/ISIM
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12 files.
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13
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14 3) We have fc-uicc-tool which speaks the UICC protocol that is native to these
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15 Sysmocom cards, but it is only a low-level debug tool, not a feature match
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16 to fc-simtool.
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17
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18 The proper long-term solution for our 2G-centric GSM community is to get our own
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19 SIMs made, either by paying big bucks to Sysmocom to produce a run of custom
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20 cards (presumably based on their current SJA2 platform) with USIM and ISIM
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21 removed, leaving only the file system tree under MF that can be fully
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22 manipulated via the classic SIM protocol, or preferably by resurrecting the
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23 older Grcard SIM-only platform if possible - it may take a long time to find out
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24 if the latter option is possible or not. But in the meantime, if someone needs
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25 to program a SIM right now, when Sysmocom webshop cards are the only available
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26 option, we do have limited support for programming these SIMs:
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27
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28 * It is possible to authenticate with the ADM1 key from within fc-simtool on
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29 both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2, as explained below.
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30
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31 * Once you have authenticated with ADM1, you can use fc-simtool admin write
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32 commands (write-imsi, SDN phonebook write operations, manual update-bin-imm
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33 on various small transparent EFs) just as if you were working with a Grcard
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34 SIM.
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35
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36 * You can also use fc-uicc-tool to access and program every file on Sysmocom
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37 cards, including files under ADF.USIM and ADF.ISIM - but in this case you will
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38 have to do everything manually in raw hex, with a hex data file for every
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39 update-bin and update-rec command.
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40
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41 Authenticating with ADM1
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42 ========================
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43
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44 The method for sending your ADM1 key to the card varies depending on whether
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45 you are in an fc-simtool or fc-uicc-tool session, and whether your card is
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46 sysmoUSIM-SJS1 or sysmoISIM-SJA2. There are 3 possibilities:
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47
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48 * If you are in an fc-uicc-tool session with either type of card, the command
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49 to authenticate with ADM1 is as follows:
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50
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51 verify-pin 10 xxxxxxxx
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52
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53 where xxxxxxxx are the 8 digits of the ADM1 secret code. There are no
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54 restrictions as to when this command may be given in an fc-uicc-tool session.
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55
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56 * If you are in an fc-simtool session with sysmoISIM-SJA2, the command becomes:
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57
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58 verify-ext 10 xxxxxxxx
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59
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60 There are no restrictions as to when this command may be given in an
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61 fc-simtool session.
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62
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63 * If you are in an fc-simtool session with sysmoUSIM-SJS1, the command becomes:
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64
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65 verify-sjs1-adm1 xxxxxxxx
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66
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67 Unlike the other two cases, this command must be issued at the very beginning
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68 of your fc-simtool session, before any other commands. If you issue this
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69 command later, after some GSM 11.11 SIM APDUs have already been exchanged, it
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70 won't work.
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71
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72 Changing the ADM1 PIN
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73 =====================
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74
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75 Experiments show that when speaking the UICC protocol to the card, the standard
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76 CHANGE PIN command does work on ADM1 on both sysmoUSIM-SJS1 and sysmoISIM-SJA2,
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77 thus you can do the following in fc-uicc-tool:
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78
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79 change-pin 10 old-ADM1 new-ADM1
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80
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81 However, given that Sysmocom already assigns individual per-card random ADM1 and
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82 communicates these secret codes securely to webshop customers, there does not
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83 seem to be any practical need for changing ADM1 further downstream. Thus our
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84 recommendation is that if you are going to change your ADM1 PIN just to prove
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85 that you can do it, you should then change it back to the original.
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86
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87 We can only surmise that there probably exist some secret commands that can
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88 reset PUK1 and PUK2 after you've authenticated with ADM1, but they will probably
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89 remain forever proprietary to Sysmocom, especially given the lack of any
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90 practical need for such downstream changing of PUK1/PUK2.
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91
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92 Thoughts on card (re)formatting
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93 ===============================
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94
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95 ETSI and 3GPP specs give many more degrees of freedom to SIM card issuers than
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96 just the content of various EFs: the card issuer gets to decide which DFs and
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97 EFs will be present vs. which ones won't be present at all, and for many EFs
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98 the size (allocated space) is variable per the specs and up to the card issuer.
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99 In the case of record-based EFs, both the record size and the number of records
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100 are often left up to card issuers to tune as desired.
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101
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102 In the Mother's opinion, a truly programmable SIM would be one where every
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103 downstream owner of each card (not just the initial factory or the party putting
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104 up big bucks for a large custom production run) can do a full reformat: erase
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105 the file system and then create whatever tree of DFs and EFs she desires, with
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106 full control over each file's allocated size, structure and access conditions.
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107
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108 In the case of Sysmocom webshop SIMs, we (FreeCalypso) are not aware of any
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109 publicly available documents describing how to perform such a reformat - it
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110 appears that Sysmocom keeps this knowledge proprietary. In contrast, the older
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111 Grcard-based SIMs had some publicly documented commands for erasing the card
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112 and creating new directories and files:
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113
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114 https://osmocom.org/projects/cellular-infrastructure/wiki/GrcardSIM
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115
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116 It remains to be seen whether we (FreeCalypso) can get new SIMs from Grcard
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117 which are also freely formattable.
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118
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119 MSISDN misprogramming on early sysmoUSIM-SJS1 cards
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120 ===================================================
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121
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122 Referring to the previous section regarding formatting degrees of freedom,
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123 Sysmocom webshop cards have their EF_MSISDN file allocated as 6 records of 34
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124 bytes each. Record length of 34 bytes translates into 20 bytes of alpha tag
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125 plus the required 14-byte structure at the end of each record.
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126
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127 When Sysmocom made their early sysmoUSIM-SJS1 cards, they intended to program
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128 the first record of EF_MSISDN as +882110xxxxx, where xxxxx are equal to the last
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129 5 digits of their 901-70 IMSI and also to the last 5 content digits (before the
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130 Luhn check digit) of their 8988211 ICCID. A correctly structured EF_MSISDN
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131 phonebook record with a +882110xxxxx phone number would look like this, for the
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132 record size of 34 bytes:
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133
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134 00: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
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135 10: FF FF FF FF 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx FF FF FF FF
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136 20: FF FF
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137
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138 The first 20 bytes are all FF because that is the space reserved for the alpha
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139 tag, then the phone number is encoded in 8 bytes as 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx,
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140 and the rest of the required 14-byte structure is filled with FF bytes.
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141 However, the actual programming of this MSISDN record on early sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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142 cards (at least on the 10-pack I bought in 2017) looks like this:
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143
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144 00: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
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145 10: FF FF 07 91 88 12 01 xx xx Fx FF FF FF FF FF FF
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146 20: FF FF
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147
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148 The not-all-FF field of 8 bytes is written into the wrong location, two bytes
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149 earlier than where it should be. When I saw this misprogramming early in the
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150 course of developing fc-simtool, I finally understood why the AT+CNUM command
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151 on a FreeCalypso modem with this SIM inserted reported a 10xxxxx number instead
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152 of the +882110xxxxx listed in the sysmoUSIM manual. :-)
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153
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154 When I saw this misprogramming, I also added a fix-sysmo-msisdn command to
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155 fc-simtool: this command checks for this particular misprogramming, and if it
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156 finds such, it rewrites the MSISDN record with the 8-byte phone number field
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157 moved to its correct place. However, this fix-sysmo-msisdn command probably
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158 won't get much use: the factory-programmed EF_MSISDN is now completely blank on
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159 Sysmocom's current sysmoISIM-SJA2 cards, and also on the late sysmoUSIM-SJS1
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160 cards - or at least it is blank on the last-stock cards I bought in 2020-11.
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161 EF_MSISDN is writable without needing ADM1 - it only needs CHV1.