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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Tue, 21 Nov 2023 22:11:09 +0000
parents 4f72e09fb698
children
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1 The present package includes a set of command line tools for reading and
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2 modifying the EEPROM content of Silabs CP2102 USB-serial adapters. These tools
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3 have been developed because:
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4
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5 * CP2102 adapters hold significance in FreeCalypso family of projects: it is
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6 the most common USB-serial chip in cables that connect from USB to the headset
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7 jack serial port of Motorola C1xx and Openmoko GTA01/02 phones, and the same
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8 chip also appears inside the legendary Pirelli DP-L10 phone.
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9
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10 * Classic CP2102 (as opposed to CP2102N) requires EEPROM reprogramming to switch
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11 between 230400/460800/921600 and 203125/406250/812500 baud rates.
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12
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13 * The original Python tools that were once popularized via OsmocomBB wiki are
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14 an enormous pain for those of us who aren't interested in Python view of the
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15 world, plus dependency hell.
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16
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17 The present tools support only classic CP2102, not CP2102N or CP2105. The
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18 latter chips aren't supported because:
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19
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20 * CP2102N does not remap baud rates like classic CP2102, hence the primary
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21 reason for having to delve into EEPROM configuration is eliminated;
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22
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23 * CP2105 cannot be casually programmed at all because it is OTP, and I am not
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24 in the business of designing ZIF socket fixtures for tiny QFN packages and
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25 burning through sacrificial chips.
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26
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27 Basic usage
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28 ===========
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29
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30 If have a CP2102-25 USB to headset jack cable from Sysmocom, or some other
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31 CP2102 adapter at the default USB ID 10C4:EA60, you can check its current baud
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32 rate configuration by running:
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33
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34 cp2102-read-baudtab
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35
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36 Without any options, this command will look for a connected CP2102 device at
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37 the default USB ID, read out its EEPROM and dump its 32-entry baud rate table.
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38 Looking at this printed table, you can immediately tell if your adapter is
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39 currently configured for 230400/460800/921600 or for 203125/406250/812500 baud.
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40
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41 To program the EEPROM for GSM baud rates (203125/406250/812500 bps), run this
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42 command:
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43
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44 cp2102-update-eeprom -b gsm
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45
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46 To program the EEPROM for "standard" baud rates (230400/460800/921600 bps), run
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47 this command:
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48
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49 cp2102-update-eeprom -b std
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50
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51 After this programming operation, unplug and replug the USB device - see
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52 Replug-after-EEPROM-write article for more info.
102
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53
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54 More detailed theory
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55 ====================
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56
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57 FreeCalypso CP2102 EEPROM tools are built on a different principle than our FTDI
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58 EEPROM tools. In the case of FTDI chips, our tools are designed to generate
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59 EEPROM images de novo - this approach is necessary because in the case of
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60 FT2232x and other FTDI chips that use external EEPROMs, those EEPROMs start out
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61 blank. The internal EEPROM of CP2102 is different - this EEPROM already holds
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62 a valid image as the chip leaves Silabs, and valid EEPROM content is required
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63 for this chip to function - thus there is no use case for constructing CP2102
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64 EEPROM images de novo. Instead we provide the following tools for CP2102:
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65
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66 * cp2102-read-eeprom reads the full EEPROM content out of the chip and saves it
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67 in an Intel HEX file. The file format has been copied from Python-language
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68 cp210x-program-1.0 and is suspected (without certain proof) of also being the
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69 format used by Silabs' own tools.
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70
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71 * cp2102-write-eeprom programs the chip's EEPROM with a new image read from an
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72 Intel HEX file.
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73
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74 * cp2102-decode-baudtab and cp2102-decode-ee-desc read Intel HEX images of
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75 EEPROMs and decode portions of interest: the baud rate table and USB
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76 descriptors, respectively.
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77
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78 * cp2102-patch-ee-image reads an Intel HEX EEPROM image, applies a set of
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79 patches to it, and writes out a new Intel HEX EEPROM image.
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80
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81 * cp2102-update-eeprom applies a set of EEPROM patches directly in place: reads
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82 current EEPROM content from a physical chip, applies the desired patches and
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83 writes the new EEPROM image into the hardware. This utility replaces the
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84 cumbersome sequence of cp2102-read-eeprom, cp2102-patch-ee-image and
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85 cp2102-write-eeprom for most common workflows.
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86
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87 * cp2102-read-baudtab combines the steps of cp2102-read-eeprom and
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88 cp2102-decode-baudtab into a single command that works without intermediate
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89 files - an easy utility for the common use case of checking the current baud
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90 rate table programming.
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91
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92 Selecting the device to operate on
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93 ==================================
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94
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95 By default our CP2102 tools look for USB ID 10C4:EA60, which is the default ID
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96 code for CP2102; if there is more than one USB device with this ID, the tool
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97 hits the first matching device it finds. If you need to operate on a CP2102
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98 chip whose ID code has been changed away from the default, or if you need to
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99 select one of several USB devices with the same ID code, you can pass a device
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100 selector string (see FTDI-EEPROM-tools article - we've implemented the same
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101 mechanism for CP2102, even though it originates from libftdi) with -d option.
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102 For example, to read the baud rate table from the CP2102 inside a Pirelli DP-L10
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103 phone, run this command:
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104
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105 cp2102-read-baudtab -d i:0x0489:0xE003
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106
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107 EEPROM patch language
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108 =====================
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109
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110 The "canonical" use case for patching CP2102 EEPROM config would be designing a
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111 new custom hw gadget that contains a CP2102 chip and configuring that USB
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112 interface chip with custom ID strings, or perhaps a custom VID:PID code or other
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113 USB descriptor changes. However, it is now 2023, and we (FreeCalypso) are not
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114 planning on building any new hw with CP2102 chips - thus in the present time
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115 the only real use case for CP2102 EEPROM manipulation is programming the baud
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116 rate table on already existing CP2102-based cables and adapters (particularly
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117 those sold by Sysmocom) to switch between 230400/460800/921600 baud and
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118 203125/406250/812500 baud configs, or perhaps configure other non-standard baud
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119 rates for various hacking applications.
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120
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121 Nonetheless and for the sake of completeness, our cp2102-update-eeprom and
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122 cp2102-patch-ee-image tools allow any part of the EEPROM structure to be
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123 patched: the baud rate table can be replaced in whole or in part, any bytes in
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124 any of the USB descriptors can be patched, and new textual ID strings can be
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125 set.
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126
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127 Given the lack of real-life use cases beyond switching between two possible baud
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128 rate tables of interest as described earlier in this article, the full EEPROM
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129 patching mechanism is not currently documented in detail - read the source code
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130 if you are interested.
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131
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132 Checking CP2102 chip version
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133 ============================
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134
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135 To check if your CP2102 adapter is really classic CP2102 or CP2102N or some
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136 other CP210x, run this command:
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137
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138 cp2102-read-partno
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139
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140 The result should be 0x02 on classic CP2102 or various codes (0x20, 0x21 or 0x22
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141 depending on QFN package variant) on CP2102N. Note that at least on classic
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142 CP2102 this byte is stored in the EEPROM and can be modified - but hopefully no
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143 sane person will patch the EEPROM on a classic CP2102 to make it pretend to be
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144 CP2102N.