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annotate SIM-data-formats @ 53:016f8cf2418c

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FC-handset-spec: boot control idea documented
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sat, 12 Jun 2021 02:58:47 +0000
parents ce044aa49baf
children 7609ff4be49f
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ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 FreeCalypso is developing a family of several different tools that operate on
ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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2 SIM cards and user data (primarily phonebooks) stored in them, accessing the
ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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3 same underlying data through various mechanisms:
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4
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ce044aa49baf SIM-data-formats: minor updates, including \E addition
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5 * fc-simtool in our FC SIM tools suite operates on SIM cards inserted into a
ce044aa49baf SIM-data-formats: minor updates, including \E addition
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6 smart card "reader" device, without going through any kind of phone or other
ce044aa49baf SIM-data-formats: minor updates, including \E addition
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7 GSM device - most direct manipulation of SIM user data content.
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8
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9 * Our FC host tools suite features a new utility called fc-simint - it is a
ce044aa49baf SIM-data-formats: minor updates, including \E addition
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10 front end to fc-simtool that operates on SIM cards inserted into Calypso
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11 phones or FC modem boards, working on the same principle as fc-loadtool
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12 (suspending and bypassing the Calypso device's regular operational firmware),
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13 but operating on the device's SIM interface rather than its flash.
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14
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15 * We have a FreeCalypso User Phone Tools suite that communicates with FC modem
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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16 boards and the future FC phone handset via AT commands. We have plans to add
ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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17 phonebook manipulation commands to this suite (based on AT+CPBR and AT+CPBW),
ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
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18 reading and writing phonebook data files in the same format as fc-simtool.
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19
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20 Because we have several different tools (some already written, others only
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21 planned) that will need to read and write exactly the same data formats, and
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22 because these tools will have to live in different source repositories (totally
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23 different underlying hardware and system library requirements), the data format
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24 specification needs to be global and independent of particular hw tools - it is
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25 the present document.
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26
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27 GSM 03.38 / 23.038 string representation
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28 ========================================
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29
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30 The world of GSM does not use ASCII - in all places where ASCII strings would
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31 appear in the world of ordinary computing, GSM uses its own different 7-bit
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32 character set instead, defined in GSM TS 03.38 or 3GPP TS 23.038. Many SIM card
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33 data files (including phonebooks) contain so-called alpha fields in which GSM
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34 03.38 (not ASCII!) characters are packed into 8-bit bytes, with the high bit
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35 zeroed. (These alpha fields also allow alternative UCS-2 encodings,
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36 distinguished by the high bit being set - but we handle this case separately.)
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37 Some other SIM card data files (EF_PNN for example) contain GSM 03.38 7-bit text
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38 strings packed into bytes like in SMS.
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39
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40 However, when we store text strings (such as phonebook contact names) that have
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41 been read out of a SIM (or are intended to be written to a SIM) in UNIX text
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42 files, or pass them around in command line arguments, we need an ASCII-based
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43 representation of these text strings that are encoded in GSM7 in the actual
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44 GSM/SIM world. Furthermore, our ASCII representation needs to be 100% lossless
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45 and well-defined.
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46
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47 Our function for lossless conversion of GSM 03.38 strings to ASCII operates as
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48 follows:
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49
ec184dad4877 SIM-data-formats article written
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50 * The output is always enclosed in double-quote characters, as in "text string".
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51
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52 * All GSM7 code points that map to characters that are also present in ASCII
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53 translate to these ASCII characters: for example, GSM7 code 0x00 becomes '@',
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54 and GSM7 code 0x02 becomes '$'.
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55
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56 * Any double-quote characters in the data are escaped with a backslash,
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57 becoming \"
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58
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59 * GSM7 escape sequences for ASCII characters [\]^ and {|}~ are recognized and
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60 converted to these ASCII characters; \ is then escaped in the output as \\
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61
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62 * GSM7 escape sequence for the Euro currency symbol is recognized and converted
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63 to \E
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64
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65 * GSM7 code points corresponding to CR and LF are represented as \r and \n
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66
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67 * GSM7 escape characters that are not part of a valid sequence for [\]^ or {|}~
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68 (or for \E) are represented as \e
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69
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70 * All other GSM7 characters that cannot be represented in ASCII in any other
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71 way are represented as \xX escapes, where xX is a two-digit hexadecimal number
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72 in the range between 00 and 7F, inclusive.
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73
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74 The result of these rules is as follows:
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75
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76 * If the text item consists entirely of characters that exist in ASCII (the most
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77 common use case), it will appear naturally in ASCII, even if it contains
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78 characters like '@' and '$' that have different code points in GSM7, or
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79 characters in the [\]^ and {|}~ sets that require escaping in GSM7.
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80
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81 * Any text item containing weird characters will still be converted losslessly,
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82 so it can be written back into the SIM or decoded manually by a GSM7-knowing
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83 user, and the representation in data files and command output is always
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84 printable ASCII, nothing else.
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85
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86 * In cases where an occasional weird character appears in an otherwise ASCII-
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87 dominated string, it is easy to both mentally decode and manually enter such
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88 characters when necessary. For example, if one of your SIM contacts is a lady
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89 named Michele who spells her name in the French way, with an accent grave on
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90 the first 'e' (non-ASCII character U+00E8), her name shall be entered as
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91 "Mich\04le", nicely preserving the needed non-ASCII character whose GSM 03.38
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92 code point is 0x04.
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93
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94 When a string argument that is destined for conversion to GSM7 is parsed, our
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95 input parser always interprets any backslash (\) characters as escapes; it
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96 understands all of the same escapes sequences which we emit in output:
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97
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98 \" literal "
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99 \\ literal \ (encoded in GSM 03.38 as another form of escape)
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100 \E Euro currency symbol (ditto)
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101 \e GSM 03.38 escape character 0x1B
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102 \n GSM 03.38 LF character 0x0A
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103 \r GSM 03.38 CR character 0x0D
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104 \xX GSM 03.38 code point xX, passed through literally
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105
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106 If the input contains ASCII characters which do not exist in GSM7 (` and all
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107 control characters except \n and \r), it is an error.
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108
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109 If our ASCII-to-GSM7 conversion functions are given 8-bit input, such input is
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110 interpreted as ISO 8859-1: any 8859-1 high characters that have GSM7
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111 counterparts will be translated accordingly. (Non-GSM7-mappable high characters
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112 are an error just like non-GSM7-mappable ASCII chars.) However, our output is
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113 always 7-bit ASCII only, using \xX escapes for GSM 03.38 characters that fall
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114 outside of ASCII.
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115
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116 Phonebook file format
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117 =====================
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118
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119 fc-simtool pb-dump command displays SIM phonebook content on the terminal or
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120 saves it in a file in the format defined here, and other tools such as
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121 fc-simtool pb-restore and pb-update commands need to be able to read back the
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122 same format losslessly. The phonebook file format is hereby shown by way of
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123 example:
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124
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125 #1: #646#,0x81 "Check Minutes"
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126 #2: #674#,0x81 "Check Text Usage"
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127 #3: #225#,0x81 "Check Balance"
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128 #4: 8675309,0x81 "Jenny"
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129 #5: 88211016401,0x91 "sysmoUSIM-SJS1 MSISDN"
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130 #6: 44444,0x81 HEX 810B0893BEC03ABEBC209A9FA1A1
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131 #7: *123#,0x81 ""
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132 #8: 5551234,0x81 "HEX magic spells by Mich\04le"
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133
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134 The rules are as follows:
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135
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136 * Each line in the file format represents one phonebook record.
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137
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138 * The decimal number between the initial '#' and the following ':' is the
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139 record number in the phonebook, between 1 and 255 as in the SIM protocol
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140 READ RECORD and UPDATE RECORD commands.
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141
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142 * The phone number is always given without quotes, and consists only of digits
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143 and '*' and '#' characters - no '+' international symbol is allowed in this
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144 file format.
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145
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146 * The TON/NPI byte is required, is always given in hex as 0xXX (no other form
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147 allowed in this file format), and is separated from the phone number digit
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148 string by a comma. Note how this byte usually equals 0x91 for international
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149 numbers (those entered with a '+' in typical UIs) or 0x81 otherwise.
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150
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151 * Either a quoted-string or a hex-string is always present at the end of each
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152 record, giving the alpha tag for the phonebook entry. This field is
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153 mandatory in the file format; if there is no alpha tag (really meaning empty
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154 alpha tag), the line ends with empty quoted-string "".
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155
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156 * Quoted-strings for the alpha tag are used for either empty/null or
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157 GSM7-encoded alpha tags; hex-strings are used for UCS2-encoded alpha tags.
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158
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159 * The format of hex-string alpha tags is as shown in entry #6 in the example
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160 above - this example gives a contact name in Russian. (Full decoding of this
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161 contact name is left as an exercise for adventurous readers - see
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162 ETSI TS 102 221 Annex A and the Cyrillic block of Unicode.)
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163
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164 * Hex-strings can be used for any arbitrary bytes in the alpha tag, but are only
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165 needed for UCS-2 encodings. Every possible GSM7 string can be represented in
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166 our quoted-string notation.
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167
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168 * The quoted-string (GSM 03.38) form of the alpha tag must always be quoted,
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169 even if quotes seem optional like in the "Jenny" example above (record #4).
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170 The absence of quotes is what allows the HEX keyword to be distinguished:
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171 compare and contrast records #6 and #8 in the example.
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172
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173 The above format applies when the almost-never-used CCP and EXT bytes in the
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174 phonebook record both equal 0xFF, meaning not used. In the unlikely case when
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175 these fields are used, the following extra fields are added to the line-based
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176 representation:
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177
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178 * If CCP != 0xFF, a "CCP=%u " field is inserted between the phone number and
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179 the alpha tag.
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180
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181 * If EXT != 0xFF, a "EXT=%u " field is inserted between the phone number and
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182 the alpha tag.
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183
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184 * If both CCP and EXT are present, the CCP= field appears before the EXT= field,
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185 same order as in the SIM binary record.