annotate FC-modem-family @ 23:14391ad53281

FCDEV3B-repackaging article removed for legal reasons The idea expressed in that article, namely the idea that some party other than Mother Mychaela could be permitted to create a derived work based on FCDEV3B board design and have it be accepted into the FreeCalypso family, is no longer allowed by our current stance on the matters of intellectual property, particularly Falconia IP. For technical content, the new FC-modem-family and Quadband-ideas articles should fully supplant this old FCDEV3B-repackaging article.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Wed, 23 Oct 2019 00:43:21 +0000
parents 69ee60206c53
children 1e76655a44bd
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69ee60206c53 FC-modem-family article written
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1 I, Mother Mychaela, have a vision for a family of FreeCalypso modem products in
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2 different physical form factors, possibly with variations in offered
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3 functionality, all sharing the same fcmodem firmware build target - meaning that
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4 the same FreeCalypso fw built for the fcmodem target (a proposed successor to
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5 the current fcdev3b build target) will run on all FC modem hw products,
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6 requiring some commonalities across the entire product family but also
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7 supporting some variations. The following design constraints are hereby being
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8 laid down in order to make this common fcmodem firmware possible:
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9
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10 * All FC modem products will be either triband or quadband: triband if the
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11 current Openmoko-based RFFE is kept as is (the safer route with less effort
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12 and design labor cost) or quadband if the customer commissioning a modem
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13 product is more adventurous and willing to pay more and take greater risks in
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14 order to get full quadband capability. Please refer to the Quadband-ideas
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15 article for further details.
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16
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17 * Flash chip type autodetection in both fc-loadtool and firmware FFS driver code
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18 allows different flash chip types to be used depending on business needs,
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19 parts availability and the available physical space on the PCB. Flash
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20 capacity can range from 4 MiB (minimum fw requirement) to 16 MiB (maximum
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21 Calypso addressing capability); if a 16 MiB flash chip with two 8 MiB chip
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22 select banks is used, then the second bank must be on nCS2 (like on FCDEV3B),
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23 not on any other Calypso chip select.
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24
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25 * External RAM (XRAM) capacity can range from 512 KiB (minimum fw requirement)
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26 to 8 MiB (maximum Calypso addressing capability), but it will always be on
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27 nCS1, not on any other Calypso chip select.
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28
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29 * The extra logic voltage level translating buffer IC that was introduced on
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30 FCDEV3B V2 in order to make flash reset timing compatible with S71PL129N flash
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31 may or may not be included. The Mother's preference is to include it when
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32 possible in order to increase the repertoire of usable flash chips, but if a
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33 given design allows no PCB space for this extra little IC, then it will be
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34 acceptable to go back to driving the flash reset line with FDP and require
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35 the use of some flash chip other than S71PL129N - if the same footprint needs
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36 to be kept and/or maximum flash and RAM capacity is desired, S71PL129J can be
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37 used instead.
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38
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39 MCSI
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40 ====
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41
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42 It is envisioned that most FC modem products will provide a digital voice
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43 interface via MCSI as a major feature, but some may not. If a given product
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44 does feature MCSI, pull-down resistors for MCSI_CLK and MCSI_FSYNCH will need
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45 to be included on the modem module itself, so that the user always sees them as
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46 non-floating outputs from the modem. MCSI_RXD will be a pure input without
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47 on-board pull-up or pull-down resistors, i.e., the user will be responsible for
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48 tying it off or pulling it to a stable logic level if it is unused.
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49
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50 However, if a given product does not feature MCSI, then it will be an unwelcome
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51 burden to require extra pull-down resistors on the PCB, hence a different
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52 provision is planned. If and when we ever produce a FreeCalypso modem without
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53 MCSI, we will program a /etc/fc-pinmux file in FFS telling our fcmodem firmware
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54 to switch the MCSI pins into GPIO mode and to drive all 4 of them as dummy
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55 outputs, eliminating floating I/O pins without any effort from the hardware
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56 side.
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57
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58 Why would a FreeCalypso modem product not feature MCSI? Two use cases are
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59 envisioned here:
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60
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61 * The new GTA02-like smartphone motherboard thought experiment - see the
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62 corresponding section at the end of this article;
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63
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64 * If we ever produce a FreeCalypso modem in the form factor of a USB dongle for
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65 laptops, it would be very easy to incorporate an FT2232x adapter presenting
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66 both Calypso UARTs to the USB host, but adding a USB-to-MCSI bridge would
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67 entail much greater complexity, hence it may make sense to omit MCSI for this
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68 product and instead provide an analog headset jack for voice calls.
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69
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70 GPIO
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71 ====
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72
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73 Our firmware configures Calypso GPIO 3 as an input; GPIOs 0-2 and those
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74 multifunction pins which are unused and configured as GPIOs (TSPDI/IO4,
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75 BCLKX/IO6, MCUEN1/IO8 and MCUEN2/IO13) are configured as outputs. Board wiring
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76 must be compatible with these directions: those pins which our fw drives as
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77 outputs can be simply left unconnected, while GPIO 3 needs to be sensibly driven
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78 or tied off as explained below.
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79
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80 Openmoko's modem puts out an application processor wakeup signal (asserted by
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81 the fw when the modem needs to send something to the host but is blocked by CTS
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82 being held high) on GPIO 1. In order to have full feature parity, our FC modems
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83 will provide an equivalent signal as well, but we are moving it to GPIO 0
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84 because in FreeCalypso GPIO 1 is already taken for the loudspeaker control
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85 signal like on TI's D-Sample and Leonardo boards. Our firmware's complete GPIO
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86 usage thus becomes:
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87
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88 GPIO0: application processor wakeup signal
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89 GPIO1: loudspeaker amplifier on/off control
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90 GPIO2: DCD modem control output
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91 GPIO3: DTR modem control input
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92 all others: dummy outputs
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93
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94 Because GPIO3/DTR is an input, it needs to be either sensibly driven or tied
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95 off. On our current FCDEV3B this line has a 100 kOhm pull-down resistor to GND,
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96 but it is not accessible to the user in any way - this design aspect was copied
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97 from TI's Leonardo board before I thought better. Most of our future FC modem
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98 products are planned to have DTR as a user input signal (which the user can tie
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99 off it is not used or needed in a given application), but if there is no DTR
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100 user input signal on a given modem product, then GPIO3 will be grounded inside
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101 the modem to keep the firmware happy.
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102
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103 Calypso's unused DSR_MODEM/LPG pin was left unconnected in Openmoko's version
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104 but on our FCDEV3B it is tied to GND on the board. Future FC modem family
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105 boards will also need to have this pin tied to GND: our firmware leaves this
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106 pin in its default power-up config of DSR_MODEM input and does not change it to
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107 LPG output, thus leaving it unconnected would cause it to float.
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108
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109 Extreme case: a new GTA02-like smartphone motherboard
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110 =====================================================
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111
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112 A rather extreme thought-experiment test case for the FC modem family idea
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113 presented in this article is this thought: suppose we wanted to produce a new
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114 GTA02-like smartphone motherboard, bringing Openmoko's dream back from the dead.
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115 We could try to make a verbatim clone of GTA02-MB-A6 from OM, but for both
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116 technical and political reasons it would be desirable to make a few changes:
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117
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118 * Making a strictly verbatim clone of GTA02-MB-A6 would mean populating a
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119 Samsung K5A3281CTM memory chip onto OM's PCB footprint which does not really
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120 fit this chip properly. Changing the PCB footprint to fit K5A32xx more
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121 properly would not be easy because there are signal traces in the PCB spots
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122 where the extra mounting balls for K5A32xx would need to go. The approach
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123 that seems most naturally sensible would be to populate a better-fitting
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124 memory chip, such as Spansion S71PL129JB0BAW9Z for which that footprint was
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125 properly made - but then the result would no longer be a verbatim clone of
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126 OM's version, and our gtamodem target configuration would no longer fit. And
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127 at that point it would make the most sense to stop following the gtamodem
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128 config and to make it an fcmodem family product instead.
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129
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130 * It would be politically preferable if the new GTA02-like motherboard would run
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131 fcmodem firmware rather than gtamodem, making a clean break from those parts
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132 of OM's troubled history which caused them to be Closedmoko during certain
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133 years.
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134
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135 Hence the technical challenge: would it be possible to make a GTA02 derivative
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136 with absolutely minimal changes that would run fcmodem firmware instead of
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137 legacy mokoN or FC fw builds for the gtamodem target? The answer is yes, and
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138 here is the recipe - note that *no* new components need to be added to the
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139 extremely tight PCB layout:
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140
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141 * Move the 2nd flash chip select connection from nCS4 to nCS2 on the Calypso;
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142
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143 * Move the AP wakeup interrupt line from GPIO1 to GPIO0 to match fcmodem
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144 firmware GPIO assignments;
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145
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146 * Take the useless INT0 AP-to-BP connection line present in the GTA02 original
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147 and move it to Calypso GPIO3, providing fcmodem firmware with the DTR input
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148 it expects;
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149
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150 * Ground Calypso's unused DSR_MODEM/LPG signal, causing it to not float when
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151 our fcmodem firmware keeps the power-up default of DSR_MODEM function;
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152
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153 * Program /etc/fc-pinmux in FreeCalypso FFS to tell the firmware that there is
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154 no MCSI on this board, so that all 4 MCSI signals will become GPIO dummy
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155 outputs and won't float.
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156
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157 Some additional changes which don't affect the firmware one way or the other:
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158
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159 * Remove R1003 and R1004 0Rs which seem to be the root cause of bug #1024 and
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160 replace them with solid PCB traces;
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161
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162 * Up C1009 from 10 uF to 22 uF as additional guard from bug #1024;
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163
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164 * Ground Calypso's unused input RXIR_IRDA to keep it from floating - this input
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165 cannot be changed to an output under firmware control without breaking other
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166 functionality.
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167
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168 At the same time it would also make a lot of sense to remove the Glamo graphics
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169 decelerator from the AP subsystem, connecting the LCD directly to the Samsung AP
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170 like it was on GTA01 - thus from the AP software perspective the new motherboard
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171 would also become its own new platform just like the modem, very similar to the
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172 GTA02 original, but not strictly identical, featuring some improvements instead.
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173
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174 IP rights and FreeCalypso brand integrity
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175 =========================================
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176
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177 The present vision of having the same fcmodem firmware support all FreeCalypso
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178 modem products applies ONLY to those hardware products which are designed and
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179 physically produced by Mother Mychaela or one of her business entities. We will
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180 NOT provide any support whatsoever for any pirate hardware products that may be
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181 produced by any persons or entities who are making, have made or are planning to
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182 make inappropriate use of any of our published or unpublished board design
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183 files.
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184
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185 In the event that some third party buys a legitimate license to produce their
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186 own derived works based on FreeCalypso hardware designs, we may provide
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187 technical support to that specific customer as per our agreement with them, but
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188 any such support will be customer-specific: our generic, non-customer-specific
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189 public FreeCalypso firmwares will only ever support our own official
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190 Falconia/FreeCalypso modem products, and should not be expected to support any
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191 customized products made by or at the request of particular third parties.