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annotate Handset-UI-fw @ 23:14391ad53281

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FCDEV3B-repackaging article removed for legal reasons The idea expressed in that article, namely the idea that some party other than Mother Mychaela could be permitted to create a derived work based on FCDEV3B board design and have it be accepted into the FreeCalypso family, is no longer allowed by our current stance on the matters of intellectual property, particularly Falconia IP. For technical content, the new FC-modem-family and Quadband-ideas articles should fully supplant this old FCDEV3B-repackaging article.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Wed, 23 Oct 2019 00:43:21 +0000
parents fcd1cf531017
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1 The present article is a companion to the TCS211 firmware architecture document
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2 (TCS211-fw-arch). Those who are interested in the FreeCalypso phone handset
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3 goal (which is currently a very distant goal) should read the TCS211-fw-arch
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4 document first and then this article, whereas those who are more interested in
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5 the rock solid FreeCalypso modem (as opposed to handset) solution which is
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6 already available today and would like to understand our modem fw better only
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7 need to read the TCS211-fw-arch document and can safely skip this handset UI
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8 addendum.
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9
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10 TI's offerings for handset UI
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11 =============================
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12
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13 Unlike their rock solid, full commercial product offering for AT-command-
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14 controlled modems, TI never produced a reference phone handset firmware
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15 implementation that could be used as-is with minimal or no changes: instead
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16 they provided a very rough proof-of-concept implementation which is nowhere
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17 close to usable, and left it up to their customers (handset manufacturers) to
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18 whip it into even a minimally decent shape. Furthermore, they had several
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19 different approaches over the years to what the GSM industry calls by the
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20 sexist term "MMI":
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21
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22 * They once had something called SMI, for "simple MMI" or "slim MMI". We have
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23 what appears to be the complete source for this SMI component as part of the
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24 MV100-0.1.rar and 94140216gsm.rar finds, but both of those finds are just
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25 broken fragments, not a complete firmware for any target. It might be
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26 possible to integrate this unknown-origin SMI source into Magnetite and get
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27 it to work with the TCS2 version of ACI, but no such feat has been attempted
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28 yet - it would be a mere curiosity, not something for practical use.
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29
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30 * SMI later gave way to a successor called BMI for "basic MMI", which is much
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31 bigger in terms of code size and complexity and consists of two layers: there
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32 is a layer called MFW (mobile framework) that sits on top of ACI, and then
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33 BMI proper sits on top of MFW. This incarnation of TI's demo/prototype phone
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34 UI is the one which they officially supported in the TCS211 program, and our
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35 copy of TCS211 from OM miraculously has these BMI+MFW sources included, even
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36 though OM obviously didn't use this code and could not even compile it without
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37 doing some surgery on the build system. Our other TCS3.2/LoCosto source also
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38 has BMI and MFW matching that newer version of G23M ACI and PS components,
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39 and we use this new TCS3 version of BMI+MFW in our TCS2/TCS3 hybrid config.
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40
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41 * It appears that TI once had or were trying to develop some kind of Riviera-
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42 based "MMI" code as an alternative to the Condat-based SMI and BMI. SMI and
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43 BMI+MFW execute in the same "MMI" GPF task as ACI and communicate with it
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44 through direct function calls; in contrast, the alternative Riviera MMI would
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45 run somewhere in Riviera land and communicate with ACI through ATP and some
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46 kind of ACI adapter. We never got any of this code, and it is not clear if
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47 it was ever a reality beyond just the idea.
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48
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49 In any case, it is clear from the code that TI's SSA group in France who
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50 developed the drivers for various Calypso chipset peripherals including LCDs,
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51 keypads and ringing buzzers on their development boards and the Condat UK group
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52 who did SMI and BMI had very different visions and ideas. Some examples:
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53
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54 * The Calypso DSP has a built-in mechanism for playing quite pleasant-sounding
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55 ringtone melodies through a loudspeaker driven by the chipset's ABB, and the
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56 SSA group developed their RiViera Audio Service front-end to these L1+DSP
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57 audio services, but Condat's code makes absolutely minimal use of this RV
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58 Audio Service, just enough to be compatible with it, and does not use any of
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59 the melody functions, neither E1 nor E2.
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60
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61 * In the original TCS211 architecture before LoCosto changes, the driver for
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62 the physical LCD was/is R2D in the Riviera/SSA land. R2D provides a very rich
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63 set of text and graphics drawing primitives, but Condat's display layer does
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64 not use any of them: instead they obtain the raw framebuffer address from R2D
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65 and do all drawing operations themselves.
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66
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67 * The TCS211 code we got had a jaw-dropping bug in the code path for ringing
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68 the piezoelectric buzzer: due to a miscommunication between the French folks
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69 in charge of the actual buzzer driver in chipsetsw and the German or UK folks
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70 in charge of Condat's audio layer, the buzzer always rang at some 99 Hz (its
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71 lowest possible frequency, horrible on ears) no matter what tone frequency
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72 was intended. Given that our copy of TCS211 dates from 2007 and considering
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73 how old the buzzer function must be, it hurts to think for how many years
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74 that bug sat there without anyone wondering why ringing sounds so horrible.
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75
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76 In terms of the code architecture, none of Condat's UI code ever calls any of
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77 the actual drivers in the SSA realm directly: instead everything goes through
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78 the Condat drivers layer in condat/com/src/driver, and that layer provides a
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79 very poor adaptation as highlighted above.
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80
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81 LCD support
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82 ===========
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83
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84 TI's demo/prototype UI code never supported a wide variety of different display
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85 sizes or keypad layouts - instead they only supported whatever existed on their
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86 in-house development boards at each given point in their history. TI's C-Sample
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87 and earlier development boards had 84x48 pixel B&W displays, whereas from
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88 D-Sample onward they made the big jump to a 176x220 pixel color LCD. Both
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89 versions of the UI we got (TCS211 targeting D-Sample and TCS3.2 targeting
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90 I-Sample, TI's LoCosto board) were developed on 176x220 pixel color LCD
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91 platforms, and that is the only display size which they intended to support.
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92 There also exists a remnant of support for their earlier 84x48 pixel C-Sample
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93 LCD, which we resurrected in FreeCalypso to see it run on Mot C139 hardware,
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94 but that support was broken: it would not even compile without our fixes. In
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95 our current FC Magnetite firmware we can build this C-Sample UI version for the
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96 C139 target and it works in the demo / proof-of-concept sense, but it is likely
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97 to be even more broken than the official 176x220 pixel version.
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98
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99 Anyone interested in adding support for a different LCD will need to start with
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100 the R2D driver under src/cs/drivers/drv_app/r2d. The principal LCD type
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101 selection is done in r2d_config.h (C-Sample and D-Sample are the only options
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102 supported by the version we got with TCS211), and this selection affects all of
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103 R2D and all of its clients. Our change to this r2d_config.h LCD type selection
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104 logic consists of selecting C-Sample instead of D-Sample when the build target
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105 is C139. A secondary selection is made in r2d_inits.c and r2d_refresh.c where
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106 the code snippets for the actual hardware initialization and output are
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107 included: the way we currently support the C139 hw target is a very thorough
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108 emulation of the C-Sample including its vertical B&W framebuffer format, all of
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109 the code in R2D and in Condat's display driver sees a real C-Sample LCD, and
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110 only the hardware-poking code is substituted.
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111
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112 The direct implication of our C-Sample emulation approach for the C139 LCD is
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113 that the full 96x64 pixel size of Motorola's LCD becomes completely
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114 inaccessible, and all software sees a 84x48 pixel subset. The same happens
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115 with color: because TI's C-Sample LCD was B&W, the color capabilities of the
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116 real C139 LCD become inaccessible. Anyone who wishes to fix this shortcoming
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117 would need to implement a new bona fide LCD type in R2D, and then adapt
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118 Condat's display driver accordingly.
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119
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120 Condat's display driver (condat/com/src/driver/display.c) is very messy and
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121 very difficult to understand. The only change we have made to it in FreeCalypso
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122 was fixing the support for the C-Sample LCD which was bitrotten: the bitrot and
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123 our fix for it is not specific to the C139, it would affect a real C-Sample
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124 board just as well. Understanding this code well enough to extend it to other
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125 LCD geometries and framebuffer formats would be a much greater challenge.
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126
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127 Above Condat's display driver lies the actual UI implementation in BMI and MFW.
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128 This UI code supports only 3 possible configurations:
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129
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130 * Both COLOURDISPLAY and LSCREEN defined: the display is 176x220 color;
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131
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132 * LSCREEN is defined but not COLOURDISPLAY: the display is 176x220 B&W - TI
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133 used this config when building "GSM Lite" fw for the D-Sample;
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134
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135 * Neither LSCREEN nor COLOURDISPLAY defined: the old 84x48 pixel B&W UI from
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diff changeset
136 the days of C-Sample and earlier.
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137
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138 Note the lack of support for small color displays like the one on the C139.
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139
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140 Text fonts
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141 ----------
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142
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143 The SSA group's R2D driver provides text display functions and contains its own
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144 fonts, but Condat's stuff does not use those display functions or fonts -
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145 instead BMI and MFW (and presumably SMI too) use a different font/text
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146 implementation contained in the Condat drivers layer.
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147
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148 Keypad support
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149 ==============
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150
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151 The hardware keypad driver is KPD in Riviera/SSA land, residing in
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152 chipsetsw/drivers/drv_app/kpd in TCS211 or in src/cs/drivers/drv_app/kpd in
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153 Magnetite and Selenite. Unlike the display driver R2D, KPD is always included
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154 even in modem firmware builds - but if there is no keypad connected to the
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155 Calypso, it does nothing. TI's firmware architecture and UI code support only
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156 traditional numeric keypads - there is no provision for supporting a full QWERTY
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157 keyboard. However, if the keypad layout on a given phone handset is close
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158 enough to what TI had on their development boards, modifying KPD for the
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159 specific wiring is very easy: we have already added proper support for Mot C1xx
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160 and Pirelli DP-L10 keypads.
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161
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162 Battery monitoring and charging
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163 ===============================
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164
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165 TI had two incarnations of their battery charging and monitoring driver: first
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166 PWR, then LCC. Both were implemented in Riviera/SSA land. LCC was not a good
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parents:
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167 fit for our targets of interest (Mot C1xx, Pirelli DP-L10 and our desired
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168 FreeCalypso Libre Dumbphone hardware) while PWR had other problems, so we
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169 retired both of them and wrote our own replacement called FCHG.
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170
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171 There is a quirk, however: there is no connection in the TCS211 code as
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172 delivered by TI between their demo/prototype UI (or rather between Condat's
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173 power driver stub) and either of their battery driver implementations. At the
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174 time of TCS211-2007 the original PWR driver had already been retired and only
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175 LCC was supported, but even that LCC driver had no connection to the UI: one
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176 could remove it from the fw build configuration and the UI code would still
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177 compile and link just fine, which would not be possible if there were any calls
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parents:
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178 to LCC's API functions. The practical effect of this quirk is that there is no
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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179 need to resurrect PWR or LCC in order to run TI's UI code in its pristine
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180 original form - using our own FCHG or no battery management driver at all is
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181 just as fine.
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182
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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183 The proper way to get proper support for Mot C139
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
184 =================================================
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185
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186 I (Mother Mychaela) feel very strongly that the best way to produce practically
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187 usable end user FreeCalypso firmware for the C139 target would be to do it
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parents:
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188 together with our own FreeCalypso Libre Dumbphone development, as opposed to
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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189 trying to support the C139 to the exclusion of our own FreeCalypso hardware.
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190 Specifically, I propose the following order of steps:
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191
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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192 1) First build our own FreeCalypso UI development board, a derivative of the
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193 FCDEV3B adding a 176x220 pixel color LCD and other miscellany to serve as a
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parents:
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194 replacement for TI's D-Sample.
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195
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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196 2) Retire the C-Sample UI configuration and our currently implemented C-Sample
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parents:
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197 emulation hack on the C139, and start running TI's UI code the way TI's own
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198 developers ran it on the D-Sample.
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199
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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200 3) Change the "small screen" UI layout from 84x48 to 96x64 pixels (from 6 rows
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
201 of 14 characters to 8 rows of 16 characters with TI's existing font), and
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parents:
diff changeset
202 fix the bugs related to displaying this "small screen" (!LSCREEN) UI on a
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parents:
diff changeset
203 physically larger LCD - we would like to display it on our 176x220 pixel UI
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parents:
diff changeset
204 development board.
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
205
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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206 4) Extend the UI code to allow the possibility of COLOURDISPLAY && !LSCREEN,
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
207 i.e., a small (96x64 pixels) color display like on the C139. Have this
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
208 96x64 pixel color UI displayed on our 176x220 pixel UI development board.
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209
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210 5) Work on getting the actual UI into shape, keeping the two configurations of
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
211 176x220 pixel color (future FreeCalypso Libre Dumbphone) and 96x64 pixel
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
212 color (Mot C139) as actively supported ones. Do all development on our
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
213 176x220 pixel UI development board.
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214
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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215 6) Once the UI-enabled firmware works decently on our development board in both
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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216 176x220 and 96x64 configurations, add native C139 LCD support (not C-Sample
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
217 emulation) to R2D, adapt Condat's display driver as necessary if we are still
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
218 using it (if we don't find a way to get rid of it by this point), and run
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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219 our 96x64 pixel color UI config on real C139 hardware. At this point we
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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220 should have practically usable end user FreeCalypso fw on the C139.
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221
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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222 7) While the less demanding and more casual phone users will be happy with the
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
223 feeble C139 if it runs our FreeCalypso fw, those of us who desire the
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parents:
diff changeset
224 Ultimate Awesome Libre Dumbphone will be able to take our 176x220 pixel UI
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parents:
diff changeset
225 development board and start turning it into an actual FreeCalypso Libre
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
226 Dumbphone handset. This will be the point when we can move the ringtone
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
227 output from the piezo buzzer to the loudspeaker (Melody E1) and start making
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
228 other changes for better-than-C139 hardware.
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229
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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230 Of course the biggest difficulty with the above plan is that it requires
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
231 designing and building a new piece of hardware as its very first critical step.
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
232 My personal plan is to kill two birds with one stone: design the board in such
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
233 a way that it can be used both as a development board for the above plan and as
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
234 a close-to-final prototype for my desired FC Libre Dumbphone handset - although
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
235 not completely final, as this board would absolutely need to be usable in its
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
236 bare form on a lab bench without plastics, which calls for a somewhat different
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
237 design than a final handset product.
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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238
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
239 Anyone who disagrees with my approach, anyone who is against designing and
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
240 building new custom hardware at high cost and who is instead interested first
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
241 and foremost in pre-existing hardware targets like Mot C139 is more than welcome
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
242 to delve into the code themselves and try their own hand at fixing the code to
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
243 make it practically usable on the C139. However, I have to warn you: if you
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
244 spend a significant amount of time working with TI's code and develop an
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
245 affection for it, it is quite possible that you will start to feel the way I do
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
246 in terms of desiring a D-Sample-like platform for development.
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parents:
diff changeset
247
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
248 Why Mot C139?
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
249 =============
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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250
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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251 Out of the known repertoire of pre-existing Calypso-based phones whose existence
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
252 has been discovered by OsmocomBB and for which we already have some foundations
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parents:
diff changeset
253 of support in FreeCalypso, Mot C139 is the most suitable one for the purpose of
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
254 turning it into a Libre Dumbphone by way of aftermarket firmware. Here are the
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
diff changeset
255 problems with the other ones:
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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256
fcd1cf531017 TCS211-fw-arch masterpiece written
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parents:
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257 * Pirelli DP-L10 is my absolute favourite with an end user hat on, but the
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258 unwanted extra chips for the unwanted-for-us WLAN and camera functionality
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259 are a killer. There are no schematics for the phone and no documentation for
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260 any of these chips, and we don't know how to power them down. In a fully
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261 quiescent state with all Calypso sleep modes enabled and with both LCD and
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262 keypad backlights off, the board still draws about 87 mA from the battery,
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263 which will kill a fully charged battery in about 10 hours of complete idle.
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264 Furthermore, it is not possible to turn on the loudspeaker without going
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265 through the W56940 ringtone chip, and the reset line for this chip comes from
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266 a GPIO on the completely undocumented camera chip - thus without a way to
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267 control this reset line we may not be able to program the W56940, and without
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268 that programming we may not be able to turn on the loudspeaker, ruining all
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269 usefulness of this phone.
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270
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271 * Mot C11x/12x family is good in terms of not having any undocumented hardware,
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272 but the tiny RAM capacity is a bummer. These lowest-end phones have only
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273 256 KiB of IRAM (Calypso internal RAM) and 256 KiB of XRAM (board-level RAM),
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274 whereas the next-step-up C139/140 has 512 KiB of XRAM. It is a significant
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275 difference for us: while we fit into C139's 512 KiB with no sweat, it would
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276 require some very unpleasant and unrewarding work to trim the fat and
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277 reshuffle our memory usage to fit into the 256+256 arrangement on C11x.
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278 Furthermore, most C11x/12x phones have only 2 MiB of flash, which would again
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279 require major contortions to fit into, whereas all C139/140 phones have 4 MiB.
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280
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281 * Mot C155/156 seem nice, but there is a problem: these phones ring with a
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282 loudspeaker driven by a ringtone generator chip instead of a piezo buzzer
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283 driven by the Calypso, and their ringtone generator chip is Sunplus SPMA100B.
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284 No documentation could be found for that chip, and if we can't program it, we
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285 won't be able to make the phone ring or operate its loudspeaker in any other
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286 way. Furthermore, the LCD controller in these phones is much less obvious
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287 than the one in the C139/140.