FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-docs
annotate FCDEV3B-repackaging @ 10:17003ecbb9fc
Calypso-digital-voice article written,
documenting MCSI success
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Thu, 28 Mar 2019 08:04:00 +0000 |
parents | 700d6cff63bb |
children | f57f29dcc6d6 |
rev | line source |
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1 Repackaging FreeCalypso modem into different physical form factors |
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2 ================================================================== |
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3 |
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4 As of this writing, our FreeCalypso Triband Modem Solution has reached the |
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5 status of a finished product: it is no longer experimental or developmental, |
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6 it is now fully fit for operational use on live public GSM networks in end user |
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7 applications that need a standards-compliant GSM+GPRS modem. However, at the |
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8 present moment it is only available in the physical form factor of a development |
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9 board (FCDEV3B) that was originally designed to serve as a software/firmware |
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10 development platform, and as such it is not ideally suited for use as an end |
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11 product. For end use applications it would be highly desirable to take our |
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12 proven FC Triband Modem Solution (FC-TMS) as realized on the FCDEV3B and |
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13 repackage it into other physical form factors. This repackaging can be done |
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14 in two ways: |
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15 |
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16 Approach 1 (strongly preferred): the party who desires to have our FC-TMS in a |
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17 particular form factor gets in touch with FreeCalypso Central, engages in a |
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18 discussion with us to arrive at the new form factor to be implemented (it needs |
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19 to satisfy your requirements and be feasible for us to implement), then funds |
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20 the cost of PCB layout labor to turn the new form factor modem into reality. |
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21 More specifically, we would do the design at the schematics+BOM level while the |
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22 the PCB layout step would have to be outsourced at cost. |
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23 |
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24 Approach 2 (NOT preferred, but can sometimes be agreed to in limited cases): |
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25 someone else does the repackaging work under their own control. |
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26 |
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27 In the case of Approach 1 the new modem product will always be guaranteed to |
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28 work flawlessly and be fully compatible with our FreeCalypso sw and fw |
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29 architecture because in this case the hardware design is personally supervised |
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30 by the Mother of FreeCalypso and must receive her approval prior to being |
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31 released to layout and then to fabrication. In the case of Approach 2 this |
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32 assurance is lacking. This document provides some technical guidelines that |
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33 MUST be followed in order for a new modem hw product to stand a chance at being |
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34 compatible with FreeCalypso; anyone who follows Approach 2 against our |
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35 recommendation but still wishes to have a chance at receiving support from us |
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36 MUST follow these design guidelines. |
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37 |
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38 LEGAL NOTICE: Following these technical guidelines does NOT by itself grant you |
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39 a license to use our FreeCalypso trademark on your hardware products; this |
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40 trademark is personally owned by Mychaela N. Falconia and only she has the |
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41 authority to license its use at her sole discretion. Similarly our agreement |
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42 with GSMA does NOT allow us to sublet any part of our IMEI number range to any |
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43 other parties; any IMEI number ranges that may be allocated by GSMA to |
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44 FreeCalypso products may ONLY be used for those products that are physically |
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45 produced by Falconia Partners LLC from start to finish and not any others. |
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46 |
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47 Basic technical guidelines |
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48 ========================== |
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49 |
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50 The purpose of these guidelines is to make it possible for the same firmware |
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51 build configuration to support both our existing FCDEV3B and various |
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52 repackagings of the underlying core modem solution (FC-TMS), i.e., to have the |
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53 same official FC Magnetite firmware builds for target fcdev3b run not only on |
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54 the original development board, but on all physical repackagings of the same |
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55 core modem solution. To make such firmware reuse possible, the following |
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56 hardware design constraints MUST be followed: |
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57 |
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58 * The flash+RAM chip must be the same Spansion S71PL129NC0HFW4B as used on our |
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59 FCDEV3B, and it must be wired the same way: first flash chip select on Calypso |
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60 nCS0, RAM on nCS1, second flash chip select on nCS2. The flash reset line |
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61 needs to be wired the same way as on FCDEV3B V2, otherwise Calypso sleep modes |
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62 will be broken. We realize that this flash and RAM capacity (16 MiB and |
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63 8 MiB, respectively) is extreme overkill for typical modem applications |
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64 outside of development, but supporting multiple flash chip types would |
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65 introduce a configuration management burden which we are not willing to |
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66 take on. |
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67 |
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68 * Calypso's unused DSR_MODEM/LPG pin was left unconnected in Openmoko's version |
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69 but on our FCDEV3B it is tied to GND on the board. Other boards seeking to |
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70 be FreeCalypso-compatible need to have this pin tied to GND as well because |
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71 our firmware leaves this pin in its default power-up config of DSR_MODEM input |
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72 and does not change it to LPG output - leaving it unconnected would cause it |
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73 to float. |
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74 |
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75 * Our firmware configures Calypso GPIO 3 as an input; GPIOs 0-2 and those |
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76 multifunction pins which are unused and configured as GPIOs (TSPDI/IO4, |
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77 BCLKX/IO6, MCUEN1/IO8 and MCUEN2/IO13) are configured as outputs. Board |
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78 wiring must be compatible with these directions: those pins which our fw |
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79 drives as outputs can be simply left unconnected, while GPIO 3 needs to be |
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80 sensibly driven or tied off as explained below. |
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81 |
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82 * If someone needs a modem that produces an Openmoko-style application processor |
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83 wakeup signal (asserted by the fw when the modem needs to send something to |
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84 the host but is blocked by CTS being held high), this signal should be |
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85 connected to GPIO 0. Openmoko used GPIO 1 for this purpose, but in |
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86 FreeCalypso GPIO 1 is taken because we use it for the loudspeaker control |
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87 signal like on TI's D-Sample and Leonardo boards, hence we are moving the AP |
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88 wakeup signal to GPIO 0, to be implemented if and when anyone builds a modem |
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89 based on FC-TMS that needs to provide such a signal. |
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90 |
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91 * If your product includes a loudspeaker amplifier like on our FCDEV3B, connect |
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92 its on/off control input to GPIO 1, otherwise leave our GPIO 1 output |
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93 unconnected. |
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94 |
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95 * Our fw produces a DCD modem control output on GPIO 2; if you are connecting |
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96 the MODEM UART channel to an RS-232 port or to a USB-serial chip with a full |
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97 set of modem control signals, connect DCD to GPIO 2. |
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98 |
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99 * Our fw treats GPIO 3 as a DTR modem control input following TI's C-Sample and |
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100 D-Sample boards. If your product has a real DTR signal coming from an RS-232 |
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101 interface or from a USB-serial chip, connect it to GPIO 3, otherwise GPIO 3 |
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102 needs to be pulled down to GND like on Leonardo and FCDEV3B. |
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103 |
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104 * If you are connecting the MODEM UART channel to a full RS-232 port or to a |
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105 USB-serial chip with a full set of modem control signals, you should connect |
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106 DSR and RI to TSPDI/IO4 and MCUEN1/IO8, respectively. Right now our fw |
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107 drives IO4 low and IO8 high, corresponding to DSR asserted and RI negated |
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108 (normal quiescent state), and connecting the signals in this way allows the |
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109 possibility of extending the fw to drive them in some more intelligent manner |
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110 if need be. |
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111 |
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112 * Both Calypso UARTs need to be wired in an accessible way so that our standard |
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113 FC Magnetite firmware can be used with the AT command interface on the MODEM |
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114 UART and RVTMUX on the IrDA UART. |
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115 |
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116 * Our fw configures the MODEM UART with hardware flow control enabled; if your |
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117 application lacks RTS/CTS signals, then Calypso's CTS_MODEM signal needs to |
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118 be pulled down to GND so it is seen as asserted. |
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119 |
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120 * Our fw configures the 4 MCSI/GPIO pins as MCSI rather than GPIO. If your |
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121 board does not use MCSI because you are tapping VSP instead or not using any |
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122 digital voice interface at all, then you should put pull-down resistors on |
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123 MCSI_RXD, MCSI_CLK and MCSI_FSYNCH, otherwise these signals will float. |
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124 MCSI_RXD can be directly tied to GND without a resistor as it is always an |
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125 input to the Calypso, but MCSI_CLK and MCSI_FSYNCH need to be pulled down |
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126 with resistors: our fw can enable TI's "Bluetooth headset" and "Bluetooth |
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127 cordless" modes, in which case these signals become outputs. If the signals |
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128 are switched to being outputs by software command but are tied to GND on the |
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129 board, the result will be a shorted output driver which could damage the chip, |
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130 and it is clearly not acceptable to produce hardware that can be damaged by |
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131 an AT command, even an obscure and non-standard one. |
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132 |
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133 Cost increment |
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134 ============== |
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135 |
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136 If you don't need huge flash and XRAM capacity, don't have a DTR input and are |
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137 not using MCSI, then the incremental cost of being firmware-compatible with |
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138 FCDEV3B compared to Openmoko's approach of leaving all unused signals |
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139 unconnected and using a smaller flash+RAM chip consists of: |
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140 |
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141 * A logic voltage level translating buffer to provide a reset to the flash chip |
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142 that meets its timing requirements; |
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143 |
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144 * 3 pull-down resistors on GPIO3, MCSI_CLK and MCSI_FSYNCH; |
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145 |
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146 * Direct connections to GND on DSR_MODEM and MCSI_RXD pins. |
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147 |
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148 For parties other than the Mother, it is up to you to decide if being firmware- |
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149 compatible is worth the cost increment or not, but all modem repackagings |
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150 produced by us under the FreeCalypso brand will follow these software and |
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151 firmware configuration management compatibility guidelines, and the same is |
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152 required for anyone else who wishes for their hardware variant to be accepted |
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153 into the FreeCalypso family. |
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154 |
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155 Tapping VSP for the digital voice interface |
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156 =========================================== |
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157 |
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158 The Calypso+Iota chipset includes an interface called VSP for Voice Serial Port; |
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159 per TI's design intent it is a strictly private interface between Calypso and |
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160 Iota chips, but it is possible to tap into this interface to get an external |
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161 digital voice channel. TI's official method for getting a digital voice channel |
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162 out of a Calypso modem is to use MCSI in their so-called "Bluetooth headset" |
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163 mode, however, our experiments on the FCDEV3B have revealed that this interface |
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164 does not work the way one would naively expect. Unless we can convince TI to |
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165 dig up and release the sources for the Calypso DSP ROM, which we obviously |
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166 cannot count on, we won't be able to use MCSI reliably until and unless we |
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167 undertake to fully reverse their DSP ROM code from disassembly, which would be |
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168 an extremely major and very costly undertaking. Because of this unfortunate |
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169 situation, the alternative way of tapping into VSP needs to be given |
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170 consideration. |
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171 |
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172 Tapping into VSP is absolutely not possible on our current FCDEV3B, as the |
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173 signals in question are currently routed directly from one BGA to another and |
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174 do not come up to the surface at any accessible point. The same situation holds |
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175 on every other existing Calypso phone and modem known to us - after all, VSP was |
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176 meant to be a private chip-to-chip interface. Instead we are presenting the |
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177 idea of tapping VSP as a possibility for anyone who undertakes to repackage our |
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178 FC-TMS into some new form factor and desires a digital voice channel while at |
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179 it. |
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180 |
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181 In TI's standard solution VSP clock and frame sync signals are generated by the |
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182 Iota ABB and are inputs to the Calypso DBB. Because they are inputs to the |
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183 Calypso, it may be tempting to disconnect them from the ABB and have them |
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184 originate from an external source instead - however, TI's DSP code in the ROM |
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185 was most certainly written with the assumption that these signals will only |
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186 ever be driven by their ABB and never by anyone else, hence having them come |
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187 from a source whose timing does not come from the Calypso can cause all kinds |
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188 of strangeness which we will never be able to debug properly because the DSP is |
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189 a mysterious black box. Therefore, my (Mother Mychaela's) stance is that if |
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190 you break the VSP connection between Calypso and Iota, then you are entirely on |
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191 your own - don't expect any help from me. Instead my idea is to tap into VSP |
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192 without breaking it, specifically: |
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193 |
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194 * Keep the clock and frame sync connection between Calypso and Iota, with Iota |
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195 remaining the driver on these nets - but also bring these signals out |
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196 externally, so external logic can sync itself to this interface as well. |
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197 |
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198 * Do likewise for the line that carries downlink voice from the DBB to the ABB: |
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199 let the ABB receive it and use it to drive the analogue earpiece output (which |
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200 would be unconnected in a digital voice application), but let external logic |
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201 receive it too. |
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202 |
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203 * Break only the line that carries uplink voice from the ABB to the DBB: bring |
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204 the Iota output side on one external interface pin and the Calypso input side |
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205 on another external interface pin. Putting a jumper on these adjacent header |
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206 pins would restore TI's original configuration and allow uplink voice to come |
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207 from an analogue microphone connected to the ABB, and if a digital uplink |
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208 voice source is desired, remove the jumper and have an external source provide |
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209 the bits which would otherwise come from Iota's voice ADC. |
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210 |
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211 The above approach would provide a usable digital voice interface that would be |
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212 completely transparent (invisible) to the Calypso DSP and even to the ARM-side |
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213 firmware, hence it should work without any nasty surprises. |
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214 |
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215 Triband vs. quadband |
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216 ==================== |
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217 |
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218 One shortcoming of our current FreeCalypso modem solution is that it is triband |
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219 and not quadband; more specifically our standard hw build omits the GSM850 band, |
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220 or we can build a different configuration that supports GSM850 but omits EGSM |
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221 (the 900 MHz band). To the best of our knowledge the GSM850 band is used very |
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222 little these days, but being only triband makes us look bad compared to the |
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223 competition: all of the mainstream proprietary GSM modem modules are fully |
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224 quadband these days. |
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225 |
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226 It *is* possible to make a Calypso-based quadband modem, as TI had one: their |
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227 Leonardo reference board for the Calypso+Iota+Rita chipset existed in several |
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228 versions some of which were quadband, and their E-Sample board (Calypso+) which |
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229 used the same Rita RF block was also quadband. However, changing our current |
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230 FC modem design from triband to quadband would involve a highly invasive PCB |
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231 layout change: basically our entire modem PCB layout and particularly the GHz RF |
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232 section would have to be ripped up and reshuffled into a different arrangement. |
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233 Furthermore, if we as the FreeCalypso community do decide that we wish to |
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234 produce a quadband modem, I (Mother Mychaela) would NOT be comfortable with |
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235 entrusting the needed re-layout work to an "ordinary" PCB layout contractor who |
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236 is not a cellphone RF design expert, instead we would need to get a consultation |
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237 from an RF PCB design expert who has experience very specifically with GSM |
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238 cellphone design and not any other applications. Finding such an expert would |
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239 be a major task in itself, and that expert most certainly won't come cheap. |
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240 Therefore, a quadband FreeCalypso modem probably won't happen unless we get |
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241 someone with a lot of money to throw around. |
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242 |
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243 There is one exception, though: if anyone would like to see our FreeCalypso |
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244 modem repackaged into the SMT module form factor copied from BenQ M32 and pays |
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245 for that venture, the result would be naturally quadband as the layout of BenQ's |
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246 module follows the same floorplan in the RF section as TI's quadband Leonardo |
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247 and E-Sample layout. However, that approach would involve a step to reverse- |
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248 engineer BenQ's layout by slicing their board and imaging its inner layers, |
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249 hence anyone seeking this approach would need to be prepared to pay for that |
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250 step. |
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251 |
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252 If anyone ever does pay for the creation of a quadband version of our |
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253 FreeCalypso modem solution, be it in BenQ's physical form factor or some other, |
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254 what about the firmware? For a long time I thought that a quadband modem would |
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255 need a different firmware build configuration because of incompatible TSPACT |
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256 signals. Our current triband modem (copied from Openmoko) has them wired like |
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257 this: |
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258 |
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259 TSPACT2 = Tx high bands |
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260 TSPACT1 = Rx PCS band |
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261 TSPACT4 = Tx low bands |
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262 |
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263 But TI's original TSPACT wiring for the quadband RFFE on their Leonardo and |
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264 E-Sample boards was different: |
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265 |
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266 TSPACT2 = Tx low bands |
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267 TSPACT1 = Tx high bands |
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268 TSPACT4 = Rx GSM850 band |
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269 |
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270 These two TSPACT signal assignments are mutually incompatible, hence if we make |
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271 a quadband modem following TI's original Leonardo/E-Sample TSPACT wiring, it |
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272 won't be able to share the same fw with our triband modems. But then I got an |
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273 idea: what if we wire them up in our own creative way as follows: |
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274 |
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275 TSPACT2 = Tx high bands |
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276 TSPACT4 = Tx low bands |
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277 TSPACT5 = Rx GSM850 band |
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278 |
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279 Then we can have the same fw build configuration support both triband and |
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280 quadband FreeCalypso modems by driving the signals as follows: |
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281 |
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282 TSPACT1 = Rx PCS band |
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283 TSPACT2 = Tx high bands |
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284 TSPACT4 = Tx low bands |
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285 TSPACT5 = Rx GSM850 band |
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286 |
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287 TSPACT1 will be driven but unused on quadband modems, whereas TSPACT5 will be |
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288 driven but unused on triband ones like our current FCDEV3B. To me (Mother |
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289 Mychaela) being able to have the same fw among *all* FreeCalypso modem variants, |
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290 both triband and quadband, is more valuable than the symbolic act of recreating |
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291 TI's original RFFE wiring, hence I am now leaning toward this new approach. |