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annotate Calypso-PWM-light @ 99:c28a1518d268

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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Tue, 06 Jun 2023 03:54:53 +0000
parents 1cdd0f0a6e70
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1cdd0f0a6e70 Calypso-PWM-light and Calypso-buzzer-output articles written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 The Calypso chip has a PWM light output called LT/PWL - a digital output pin
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2 that can be configured as either LT or PWL. The documentation we got from TI
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3 is not exhaustively complete in describing the exact behaviour and output
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4 waveforms of these two modes, thus I (Mother Mychaela) did a little bit of lab
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5 experimentation to complete the picture. All experimental observations were
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6 made with an oscilloscope probe placed on the LT/PWL signal on a FreeCalypso
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7 Caramel2 board.
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8
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9 LT mode
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10 =======
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11
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12 LT functionality of the LT/PWL output is implemented in the ARMIO block,
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13 together with GPIO and keypad functions. LT output stays at constant low level
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14 (zero light) only when the LIGHT bit in BUZZ_LIGHT_REG (FFFE:480E) is cleared;
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15 if the LIGHT bit is set, then a small amount of light will be emitted even if
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16 LIGHT_LEVEL_REG is set to 0, contrary to CAL207 document saying "no light" in
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17 this case. Light levels 0 through 63 as written into LIGHT_LEVEL_REG really
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18 correspond to 1/64 through 64/64 in terms of the actual emitted PWM duty cycles.
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19 If the register is written with the maximum light level of 63, then LT output
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20 is a continuous high level, with no o'scope-observable PWM activity. If the
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21 register is written with any other value, then PWM activity becomes visible on
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22 an oscilloscope, with each full cycle period equal to 64 periods of CLK13M,
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23 i.e., PWM frequency equals 203.125 kHz, the master 13 MHz clock divided by 64.
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24 The shape of this PWM output is totally straightforward: if LIGHT_LEVEL_REG is
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25 set to 0, LT output is high for one CLK13M period and low for 63 periods, then
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26 repeat; if LIGHT_LEVEL_REG is set to 1, LT output is high for 2 CLK13M periods
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27 and low for 62 periods, and so forth, with LIGHT_LEVEL_REG set to 63 resulting
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28 in LT being high in all 64 slots, i.e., continuous high output with no visible
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29 PWM activity.
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30
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31 PWL mode
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32 ========
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33
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34 The description of PWL in the CAL207 document is reasonably good; only a few
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35 additional notes need to be made:
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36
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37 * By the fundamental principles of how all LFSRs work, an LFSR of N bits CANNOT
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38 have a period of 2**N, instead the greatest period that can be achieved with
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39 careful choice of polynomial is 2**N-1. Calypso PWL block features an 8-bit
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40 LFSR, TI's choice of polynomial (hard-wired in the silicon) is a proper one,
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41 thus the period is 255.
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42
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43 * Two alternate hw implementations are possible: XOR implementation would
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44 produce an LFSR with valid values [1,255], whereas XNOR implementation would
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45 produce an LFSR with valid values [0,254]. Obviously we have no way to look
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46 inside Calypso silicon, but the visible behaviour with different comparator
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47 values suggests that the internal LFSR runs in the [1,255] range. There must
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48 be some reset logic in the hw that prevents a stuck value of 0.
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49
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50 * The visible output on the PWL pin repeats every 255 cycles of CLK32K, and the
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51 average light intensity ranges from 0/255 to 254/255 in 1/255 steps. If
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52 PWL_LEVEL_REG is set to either 0 or 1, PWL output is continuous low; if the
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53 register is set to 2, PWL output is 1/255 (on for just one CLK32K cycle out of
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54 255), and if the register is set to maximum of 255, PWL output is NOT
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55 continuous high as CAL207 claims, but instead it is 254/255, i.e., on for 254
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56 out of every 255 CLK32K periods.
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57
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58 Deep sleep interaction
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59 ======================
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60
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61 LT mode uses CLK13M, thus it is incompatible with deep sleep. PWL uses CLK32K
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62 instead, thus deep sleep is perfectly OK with this light on.