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annotate fluid-mnf/README @ 368:82d5cc869bf1

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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Thu, 26 Nov 2020 04:45:20 +0000
parents f888ae294b1b
children
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1 In the summer of 2019 we (FreeCalypso) had recovered a copy of TI's original
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2 FLUID package including source, but this TI original FLUID source targets only
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3 Windows, no Unix or Linux support included. Back in 2007 or earlier Openmoko
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4 had made their own port of FLUID to Linux and we have their Linux/ARM binary,
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5 but the source for that Linux port appears to have been lost.
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6
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7 The present work is an independent (non-Openmoko) port of TI's FLUID to Linux
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8 (can be further ported to other Unixes with some additional work, see below)
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9 made by Mother Mychaela N. Falconia of FreeCalypso, named fluid-mnf in order to
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10 distinguish it from any other Unix/Linux ports of FLUID that may have been made
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11 by unknown other parties.
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12
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13 Purpose and scope
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14 =================
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15
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16 The present fluid-mnf port has been produced as an act of restorative justice,
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17 righting the wrong of Closedmoko not releasing theirs when they made it in 2007
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18 or earlier. The present fluid-mnf port is NOT intended to replace fc-loadtool,
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19 thus a strict limit was put on the extent of work that was done on fluid-mnf:
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20 just enough to right Moko's wrong, plus the minimum extra work that was needed
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21 in order to satisfy my natural curiosity in the area of FLUID working with TI's
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22 own D-Sample board, but no more.
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23
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24 As a result of these strict limits on the scope of the work, neither this
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25 fluid-mnf nor any other known version of FLUID will work on FCDEV3B boards with
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26 Spansion S71PL129N flash - instead our boards with this flash are supported only
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27 by our own fc-loadtool, not FLUID. The ONLY Calypso targets that are expected
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28 to be supported by fluid-mnf (same as TI's original FLUID for Windows) are:
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29
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30 * TI's own D-Sample and Leonardo boards;
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31 * A certain non-TI development board nicknamed Caramel which has a Leonardo
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32 clone as its core but has a D-Sample-like physical form factor;
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33 * Openmoko GTA01 and GTA02 modems.
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34
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35 The present fluid-mnf release has been tested and confirmed to work on the
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36 Mother's D-Sample C05 and Caramel boards, as well as on Openmoko GTA02. It is
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37 NOT expected to work on most other Calypso devices out in the wild.
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38
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39 What is FLUID
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40 =============
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41
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42 FLUID stands for Flash Loader Utility Independent of Device. It is not totally
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43 clear to us (FreeCalypso) exactly what the "independent of device" part is
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44 referring to; it can refer to any or all of the following:
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45
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46 * One can run FLUID, often with the exact same command line, against several
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47 different TI-based GSM device targets, specifically against three different
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48 DBB chip generations (ancient pre-Calypso chips, our familiar Calypso, and
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49 Calypso+), using either the boot ROM protocol on Calypso and Calypso+ or
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50 FLUID's own bootloader (either flash-resident or loaded via JTAG) with its
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51 own protocol, and FLUID goes out of its way to try to autodetect and
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52 automagically support all these target chip and boot entry method variations.
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53
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54 * The flash chip type is autodetected and does not need to be manually selected
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55 by the user. If multiple variations exist of a given product where the
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56 factory has populated different flash chips for whatever part availability
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57 and pricing reasons, but it is otherwise the same product running the same
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58 firmware, one can use FLUID to flash fw updates without worrying about the
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59 flash chip type. Our recent versions of fc-loadtool (since fc-host-tools-r11)
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60 feature the same quality.
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61
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62 * Whenever someone needs to add support for a new flash chip, this addition is
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63 done by editing an ASCII text configuration file (devices.txt) that is read
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64 by FLUID at run time, as opposed to needing to edit the source code and
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65 recompile the program. This distinction was significant in the Windows world,
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66 a culture of software in binary form, but makes absolutely no practical
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67 difference for our fluid-mnf port for the Unix/Linux culture, a much healthier
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68 culture where all software is distributed in source code form and where
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69 compiling from source is a standard part of end user duties.
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70
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71 TI's internal reference platforms on which FLUID was developed and which FLUID
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72 supports as its most native targets are B-Sample through E-Sample:
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73
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74 B-Sample: seems to be Ulysse(s) chipset, very little known
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75 C-Sample: seems to be early Calypso C05 rev A, little known
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76 D-Sample: Calypso C05 rev B or Calypso C035, Iota ABB, Clara RF
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77 E-Sample: Calypso+, apparently existed in both "secure" and "non-secure"
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78 variants
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79
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80 FLUID supports Hercules/Ulysse(s), Calypso and Calypso+ chipsets as follows:
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81
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82 * Hercules and Ulysse(s) predate our familiar Calypso and have no boot ROM.
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83 The standard supported way to recover from blank or bricked flash was to use
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84 JTAG: TI's original FLUID package (fluid-2.27.zip) contains an ulyboot.out
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85 COFF image which you load via JTAG using TI's XDS510 or XDS560 hardware and
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86 CCS software, then FLUID makes its entry via the protocol provided by this
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87 bootloader. Standard firmwares included a flash-resident version of the same
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88 bootloader; as long as you don't brick sector 0, you can then reload newer fw
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89 versions without JTAG.
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90
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91 * On our familiar Calypso, both the old way (JTAG for cold loading, flash-
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92 resident bootloader for warm reloads) and the new way (Calypso boot ROM) are
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93 supported. However, the old way (FLUID bootloader) is supported ONLY on
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94 13 MHz platforms like D-Sample (Clara RF), and is NOT supported on the more
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95 common Calypso+Iota+Rita platforms with 26 MHz clock input to the Calypso.
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96
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97 * We know very little about Calypso+, but apparently it does not offer a
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98 sensible boot ROM protocol like plain Calypso does: instead the choices are
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99 either anti-user-freedom cryptographically restricted boot ("secure" E-Sample
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100 boards) or no boot ROM at all, going back to brickable flash and needing JTAG
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101 for cold loading on "non-secure" E-Sample boards. FLUID (the tool) supports
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102 the old FLUID bootloader on those "non-secure" E-Sample boards, and that
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103 Calypso+ version of the JTAG-loadable FLUID bootloader (calpboot.out) includes
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104 the fix for 26 MHz clock input (E-Sample has Rita RF) - but the plain Calypso
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105 version (calboot.out) does NOT support 26 MHz platforms.
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106
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107 What we have done in fluid-mnf
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108 ==============================
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109
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110 Almost no change in functionality has been made - the objective was to port TI's
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111 tool from Windows to Linux with as little change as possible, changing only
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112 those parts where the Unix/Linux way of life is strictly different from the
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113 Windows way.
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114
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115 The most principal change made in fluid-mnf is the way you specify the serial
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116 port to use to connect to the target. The command line interface design in TI's
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117 original version was thoroughly tied to the Windows model of numbered COM ports:
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118 there was a -p option to select the serial port by number (defaulting to COM1),
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119 but absolutely no provision to specify the serial port by name. Examining
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120 Closedmoko's sans-source ARM/Linux fluid.exe version through a combination of
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121 static analysis and running under strace, we see that they did two things:
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122
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123 1) They changed the numbered "COM" port name generation from "COM%d" to
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parents: 360
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124 "/dev/ttySAC%d" - but the command line parser still restricts -p numbers to
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parents: 360
diff changeset
125 the range of [1,24], thus the correct modem tty port /dev/ttySAC0 still
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parents: 360
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126 cannot be specified in this manner. The default with no -p option and no
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parents: 360
diff changeset
127 FLUID_PORT= environment variable is /dev/ttySAC1, which is garbage because
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
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parents: 360
diff changeset
128 that port has the GPS receiver connected to it, not the GSM modem.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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129
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parents: 360
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130 2) They added a hack whereby if a FLUID_PORT= environment variable is defined,
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parents: 360
diff changeset
131 its value overrides the sprintf-constructed numbered "COM" port name.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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132 Setting FLUID_PORT=/dev/ttySAC0 is the only way to select the correct modem
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
133 tty port with their stupid version.
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134
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diff changeset
135 The following approach has been implemented in fluid-mnf, seeking to be both
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
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parents: 360
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136 forward-looking in the Unix/Linux culture way and backward-compatible with OM's
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
137 version:
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parents: 360
diff changeset
138
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139 * -p option in fluid-mnf takes a string argument instead of a number, and this
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
140 string argument is the tty port name.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
141
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142 * If no -p option is given, the FLUID_PORT= environment variable is consulted.
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parents: 360
diff changeset
143
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parents: 360
diff changeset
144 * If both -p and FLUID_PORT= are given, the -p option takes precedence.
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parents: 360
diff changeset
145
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parents: 360
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146 * If neither -p nor FLUID_PORT= is specified, it is a hard error - there is no
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
147 default tty port.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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148
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149 The present port uses Linux-specific tty ioctl calls instead of generic termios
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parents: 360
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150 for serial port control, thus it won't compile or run under any other Unixes
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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151 without further porting. It was done this way because of non-standard baud
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
152 rates: FLUID supports Calypso high baud rates of 203125, 406250 and 812500 bps,
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
153 as well as D-Sample XXO (eXternal Xtal Oscillator) baud rates of 230400, 460800
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
154 and 921600 bps, and because of POSIX stupidity, supporting all of these baud
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
155 rates in a Unix application requires non-portable hacks.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
156
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parents: 360
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157 All original FLUID code that supports targets other than our familiar Calypso
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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158 (namely, Hercules/Ulysse(s) and Calypso+) has been left completely unchanged;
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
159 while none of this code exhibited any problems compiling for Linux, it is
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
160 completely untested: we have neither the hardware nor any real knowledge of
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
161 what it is and how it is supposed to work. For this reason, Calypso is the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
162 only target platform which we can really vouch for as being supported by
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
163 fluid-mnf. See below regarding what works on D-Sample and what works on the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
164 more common Calypso+Iota+Rita platforms.
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parents: 360
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165
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166 Target-side components of FLUID
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
167 ===============================
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168
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169 Like any other tool performing the same function, FLUID consists of not only
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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170 the PC or Unix/Linux application, but also target-side code pieces which are
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
171 fed either to the Calypso boot ROM or to FLUID's other bootloader
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
172 (flash-resident or loaded via JTAG) and which run on the target during the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
173 flash programming or reading process. In the case of FLUID, these target-side
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
174 components are cmd.m0 and flash "method" drivers (amd.m0, intel.m0 etc),
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
175 performing essentially the same function as loadagent.srec does for our own
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
176 fc-loadtool.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
177
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parents: 360
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178 TI's original FLUID package fluid-2.27.zip contains both the sources for these
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
179 components and the deployable *.m0 target binaries. Openmoko left these *.m0
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
180 target components of FLUID completely unchanged in their port, and we are doing
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
181 likewise in fluid-mnf: aside from our cmd39.m0 concoction explained further
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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182 below, all *.m0 files in the target-bin subdirectory in this fluid-mnf release
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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183 are unchanged from TI's original delivery. I did not even bother with setting
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parents: 360
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184 up an environment to recompile them from source with TI's TMS470 toolchain.
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parents: 360
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185
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186 Search path for helper files
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
187 ============================
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188
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189 FLUID needs to find the just-mentioned *.m0 target binaries as well as the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
190 devices.txt file as helper files. TI's original code looks in the current
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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191 directory, and also tries to look in the directory where the fluid.exe binary
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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192 is located by extracting the path from argv[0] - but the latter method works
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
193 only in the Windows culture, not Unix/Linux.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
194
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parents: 360
diff changeset
195 Openmoko kept this helper file search logic completely unchanged in their
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
196 version, and they installed both their fluid.exe binary and the helper files in
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
197 /usr/sbin. But simply running OM's fluid.exe (never mind the non-sensical .exe
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
198 suffix on a Linux binary) from whatever current directory relying on the shell's
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
199 PATH search does not work: argv[0] will be equal to just "fluid.exe" without
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
200 any path, and TI's Windows-minded code unchanged by OM won't ever figure out
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
201 that it needs to look in /usr/sbin for the needed helper files. OM's official
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
202 instructions were to cd to /usr/sbin and run fluid.exe from there - unbelievable
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
203 bogosity.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
204
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parents: 360
diff changeset
205 The present fluid-mnf port is made more Unix-proper in this regard: we put all
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
206 needed helper files in a designated installation directory
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
207 (/opt/freecalypso/fluid), and the code has been modified to look there instead
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
208 of the usually-null path extracted from argv[0]. The tool still looks in the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
209 current directory first for every file: changes to TI's FLUID code architecture
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
210 have been kept to a minimum.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
211
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parents: 360
diff changeset
212 Calypso C05 vs. C035
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
213 ====================
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
214
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parents: 360
diff changeset
215 For all of its claims of device-independence and automagically supporting all
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
216 of various targets, TI's original FLUID as we got it in fluid-2.27.zip fails to
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
217 correctly support older Calypso boards with early Calypso C05 chips on them.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
218 First Calypso generations (C05 rev A and C05 rev B) have a maximum ARM7 clock
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
219 frequency of 39 MHz, while on the later Calypso C035 (found in most mass-
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
220 produced phones and modems) this maximum frequency has been lifted to 52 MHz.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
221
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
222 In TI's FLUID architecture, the target component 'cmd' (cmd.m0 built from cmd.c)
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
223 configures and enables the Calypso DPLL as soon as the host tool tells it that
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
224 the active target is Calypso rather than Ulysse(s). The responsible function
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
225 hardware_init_calypso() in target/cmd.c originally had code that configured
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
226 this DPLL at 39 MHz - then Calypso C035 came along, and someone at TI merrily
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
227 changed that DPLL setup constant from 39 MHz to 52 MHz. So what happens then
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
228 if someone runs TI's FLUID version 2.27 on an older C-Sample, D-Sample or
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
229 Leonardo board that has a Calypso C05 chip on it? Answer: it will produce an
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
230 overclocked chip with unknown consequences - I am not willing to try it on our
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
231 one and only D-Sample C05 board.
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
232
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parents: 360
diff changeset
233 Trying to improve the architecture of FLUID is strictly beyond the scope of what
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
234 I set out to do in this fluid-mnf port, instead I just needed a way to safely
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
235 run it on our D-Sample C05 board with minimal changes. So I went for the
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
236 minimally-invasive surgical approach:
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
237
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
238 * cmd39.m0 is a modified version of cmd.m0, produced by copying cmd.m0 and
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
239 manually patching the one offending DPLL setup constant, restoring the older
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
240 39 MHz config.
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
241
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
242 * fluid-mnf has an added option -oC that causes it to use cmd39.m0 instead of
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
243 regular cmd.m0.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
244
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245 FLUID operating on D-Sample
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
246 ===========================
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
247
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diff changeset
248 For anyone lucky to have an original TI D-Sample board (either C05 or C035),
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parents: 360
diff changeset
249 the way FLUID works on it is really awesome:
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parents: 360
diff changeset
250
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parents: 360
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251 * Both boot entry methods work: fluid-mnf -oo goes through the Calypso boot ROM
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parents: 360
diff changeset
252 (the older boot ROM version present in Calypso C05 is good enough), whereas
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parents: 360
diff changeset
253 fluid-mnf -oO goes through the other FLUID bootloader, either flash-resident
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parents: 360
diff changeset
254 or loaded via JTAG. (I haven't tried the JTAG way, but fluid-mnf -oO works
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parents: 360
diff changeset
255 on the D-Sample when the flash contains a build of our FC Magnetite
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
256 l1reconst-bl configuration.) The extra -oC option is needed for D-Sample C05,
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parents: 360
diff changeset
257 but won't be needed for D-Sample C035, if anyone has one.
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parents: 360
diff changeset
258
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parents: 360
diff changeset
259 * FLUID (both TI's original and our fluid-mnf port) supports Calypso high baud
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
260 rates of 203125, 406250 and 812500 bps: just select the desired baud rate with
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parents: 360
diff changeset
261 the -b option. The baud rate switch is effected when the command interpreter
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parents: 360
diff changeset
262 ('cmd' target code piece) is running on the target, which is itself loaded at
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parents: 360
diff changeset
263 115200 baud.
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
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264
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parents: 360
diff changeset
265 * The D-Sample board has an extra 14.745600 MHz crystal oscillator and a special
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parents: 360
diff changeset
266 circuit (controlled by bits in a register mapped into Calypso nCS3 address
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 360
diff changeset
267 space) that can switch the Calypso clock input from the regular 13 MHz coming
365
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parents: 364
diff changeset
268 from the RF section to this special 14.745600 MHz clock. Of course no GSM
363
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parents: 360
diff changeset
269 functions can work in this state, but feeding this special clock to Calypso
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parents: 360
diff changeset
270 allows its UARTs to produce "standard" baud rates of 230400, 460800 and 921600
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parents: 360
diff changeset
271 bps! This feature is apparently called XXO for eXternal Xtal Oscillator, and
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
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parents: 360
diff changeset
272 is supported by FLUID, including our fluid-mnf port: just select the desired
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parents: 360
diff changeset
273 baud rate with the -b option, and if the target is D-Sample, it will just
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parents: 360
diff changeset
274 magically work. (On more "mere mortal" Calypso targets the result will be a
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parents: 360
diff changeset
275 spectacular failure instead.)
6cff3ee315e0 fluid-mnf/README: work in progress
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parents: 360
diff changeset
276
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parents: 360
diff changeset
277 * The D-Sample board also has a block of 16 debug LEDs controlled by another
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parents: 360
diff changeset
278 register mapped into Calypso nCS3 address space, and FLUID's target-side
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parents: 360
diff changeset
279 component (which we haven't modified except for the 39 MHz fix) displays
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parents: 360
diff changeset
280 pretty dancing patterns on these LEDs as it does its work.
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parents: 360
diff changeset
281
364
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diff changeset
282 FLUID operating on Openmoko devices
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parents: 363
diff changeset
283 ===================================
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parents: 363
diff changeset
284
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285 While nowhere near as sexy as on TI's own D-Sample, our fluid-mnf port works
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parents: 363
diff changeset
286 well on Openmoko modems:
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287
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288 * Only fluid-mnf -oo mode works on Openmoko devices, NOT fluid-mnf -oO, same as
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parents: 363
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289 with Leonardo or Caramel boards or any other Calypso 26 MHz platform. We have
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parents: 363
diff changeset
290 incriminating evidence that Openmoko once made fluid -oO mode work on their
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parents: 363
diff changeset
291 platform by witchcraft (bending the known laws of physics), but we were never
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parents: 363
diff changeset
292 able to reproduce that paranormal feat - see this FreeCalypso community
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parents: 363
diff changeset
293 mailing list thread:
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
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294
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parents: 363
diff changeset
295 https://www.freecalypso.org/pipermail/community/2020-March/000743.html
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parents: 363
diff changeset
296
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parents: 363
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297 * Don't try D-Sample XXO baud rates of 230400, 460800 or 921600 bps - they
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parents: 363
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298 won't work. However, Calypso high baud rates of 203125, 406250 and 812500 bps
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parents: 363
diff changeset
299 do work if you are going through the external headset jack and have one of
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parents: 363
diff changeset
300 the better USB-serial cables, either FTDI or appropriately programmed CP2102.
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parents: 363
diff changeset
301
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parents: 363
diff changeset
302 Target boot control
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parents: 363
diff changeset
303 ===================
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
304
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parents: 363
diff changeset
305 The code we got from TI in fluid-2.27.zip includes a rather bizarre provision
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parents: 363
diff changeset
306 for some ancient way of doing target boot control: right after opening the
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parents: 363
diff changeset
307 target serial port but before sending periodic beacons seeking to interrupt and
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parents: 363
diff changeset
308 divert the boot path either in the Calypso boot ROM or in a flash-resident
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parents: 363
diff changeset
309 FLUID bootloader, FLUID does some manipulation of the host UART's DTR and RTS
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parents: 363
diff changeset
310 outputs, as well as sending a break on the main data line. These manipulations
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parents: 363
diff changeset
311 do absolutely nothing on any ordinary Calypso hardware: the DTR line goes only
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parents: 363
diff changeset
312 to a GPIO if anywhere at all; the host's RTS output line will normally be
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parents: 363
diff changeset
313 connected to Calypso CTS_MODEM input if it's the MODEM UART, but these flow
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parents: 363
diff changeset
314 control lines are completely ignored by both the Calypso boot ROM and various
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parents: 363
diff changeset
315 flash-resident bootloaders. But apparently there once existed some special
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parents: 363
diff changeset
316 cable, interfaced to some unknown (probably very early and TI-internal) Calypso
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parents: 363
diff changeset
317 or before-Calypso targets in some unknown way, and that arrangement produced a
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parents: 363
diff changeset
318 target reset (probably a predecessor of Iota nTESTRESET on whatever before-Iota
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parents: 363
diff changeset
319 ABB) when FLUID did this wiggle.
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parents: 363
diff changeset
320
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diff changeset
321 In any case, that hardware no longer exists and cannot be recreated because we
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parents: 363
diff changeset
322 have no idea what it was like and how it is supposed to work. But the logic in
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parents: 363
diff changeset
323 question is still there in this fluid-mnf port; running OM's fluid.exe under
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
324 strace reveals that they had retained this logic as well, although they broke
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parents: 363
diff changeset
325 the code that generates a break on the serial data line - how ironic.
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parents: 363
diff changeset
326
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diff changeset
327 Aside from this non-understood UART control line wiggling, there is no effective
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parents: 363
diff changeset
328 target boot control in FLUID: not in TI's original version, not in OM's port
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parents: 363
diff changeset
329 and not in the present fluid-mnf. You just run FLUID against a serial port, it
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parents: 363
diff changeset
330 sends beacons and waits forever for the selected bootloader (boot ROM or FLUID
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parents: 363
diff changeset
331 bl) to respond, and you have to cause the Calypso target to go through its boot
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
332 path by your own external means. Most importantly, there is no provision for
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
333 automation, i.e., no provision for the process to exit with an error code
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
334 instead of hanging forever if you got some target boot control implemented, but
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parents: 363
diff changeset
335 the bootloader fails to respond as expected - put another way, there is no
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parents: 363
diff changeset
336 equivalent to loadtools -t option which we've added as of fc-host-tools-r13.
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parents: 363
diff changeset
337
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parents: 363
diff changeset
338 Performance
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
339 ===========
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
340
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parents: 363
diff changeset
341 Even though it cannot be a replacement for fc-loadtool in most use cases, FLUID
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
342 is very aggressively optimized for speed in ways that would be hard to match in
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
343 our fc-loadtool architecture:
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
344
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parents: 363
diff changeset
345 * FLUID's serial protocol between the host tool and the target-side component
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parents: 363
diff changeset
346 includes compression (some form of LZ77) for blocks of data destined for
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parents: 363
diff changeset
347 flash;
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
348
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parents: 363
diff changeset
349 * The process of programming flash is parallelized: the bits to be programmed
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
350 are serially transferred into a large RAM buffer on the target in parallel
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parents: 363
diff changeset
351 with the execution of flash erase and program operations on the target;
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
352 specifically, flash erase and program operation functions call the UART Rx
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
353 handler function (which handles the incoming serial stream) as they poll the
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parents: 363
diff changeset
354 flash chip to complete its operation!
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parents: 363
diff changeset
355
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parents: 363
diff changeset
356 For these reasons, on those targets which are supported by both FLUID and
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parents: 363
diff changeset
357 fc-loadtool, flash programming with FLUID is faster. Here are the performance
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
358 numbers obtained on the Mother's Slackware 14.2 host system, flashing an
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 363
diff changeset
359 Openmoko GTA02 modem with firmware version moko-new-fw-20190128, going through
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 363
diff changeset
360 the external headset jack, UberWaves CP2102 Professional cable:
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
361
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parents: 363
diff changeset
362 fluid-mnf at 115200 baud: 2m28s
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parents: 363
diff changeset
363 fc-loadtool at 115200 baud: 4m02s
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parents: 363
diff changeset
364 fluid-mnf at 812500 baud: 0m40s
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parents: 363
diff changeset
365 fc-loadtool at 812500 baud: 1m12s
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 363
diff changeset
366
37d647dfb920 fluid-mnf/README: coming further along
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parents: 363
diff changeset
367 With both tools the m0 version of the firmware image (fwimage.m0) was being
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 363
diff changeset
368 flashed; in the case of fc-loadtool the new flash e-program-m0 command was used.
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parents: 363
diff changeset
369 The version of fc-loadtool used for this test is the one that is about to be
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
370 released with fc-host-tools-r13; previous versions would be even slower. In
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371 the case of fluid-mnf the -C option was used to disable delta downloads, making
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372 the test operation independent of previous flash state.
365
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373
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374 Where to go from here
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375 =====================
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376
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377 So now we have two competing tools for operating on the flash memory of Calypso
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378 GSM devices: fc-loadtool and fluid-mnf. Which one should you use? In most
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379 practical use cases only fc-loadtool will work:
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380
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381 * FLUID only works on D-Sample, Caramel and Openmoko targets. If you are
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382 working with an FCDEV3B, any Mot C1xx phone, Pirelli DP-L10 or a GTM900 module
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383 with the newer Samsung K5L3316CAM flash chip, then fc-loadtool is the only
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384 choice.
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385
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386 * Both fc-loadtool and fluid-mnf can read flash dumps, saving them in either
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387 binary or S-record format. However, FLUID only accepts *.m0 S-record files
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388 (16-bit moko-style by default, but 8-bit and 32-bit variants can be used too)
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389 as the data source for flash programming. Binary format is much more
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390 convenient for flash backups, but restoring such backups with FLUID would be
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391 a complicated matter, requiring an external converter that extracts the
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392 desired subrange out of a binary flash dump file and makes an m0 image out of
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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393 it.
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parents: 364
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394
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395 * fc-loadtool and its loadagent back end are only one part of a larger loadtools
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396 and target-utils suite that supports many other operations besides flash
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397 manipulation.
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398
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399 On the other hand, if your target is one of the few which are supported by FLUID
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400 and your desired operation is to flash a firmware image built in m0 format,
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parents: 364
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401 then you can use fluid-mnf and enjoy faster speed - or enjoy the dancing LED
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402 patterns if the target is a TI D-Sample board.
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403
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404 We got into the present situation we find ourselves in because of the culture
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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405 of suppression that was built around our dear Calypso by the Closed Moko
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406 Company: back when we started FreeCalypso in 2013, the source for FLUID was
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407 wrongfully withheld from Humanity, thus producing a from-scratch replacement
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408 like our own fc-loadtool was the only viable option. And because the project
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409 was essentially a battle for the liberation of Calypso, performance was not a
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410 major concern at that time, which is how we ended up with a tool that is not
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411 optimized for speed like FLUID is.
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412
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413 If I (Mother Mychaela) had been a Calypso modem engineer for a truly Open kind
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414 of Moko instead of those NDA-worshipping Germans back in 2006-2008, with access
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parents: 364
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415 to all documentation, firmware sources and FLUID from day 0, and working in a
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416 fully open culture with everything freely published like in current FreeCalypso,
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417 I would have initially produced something very similar to the present fluid-mnf
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418 port, just to get the existing and known working tool running under Linux
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419 instead of Windows. If the project had stayed with Samsung K5A32xx or Spansion
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parents: 364
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420 S71PL-J flash chips, such a Linux port of FLUID would have been sufficient. If
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parents: 364
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421 new requirements came along to support S71PL-N flash, second flash bank
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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422 operations, significantly different Calypso targets like Mot C1xx, or anything
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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423 else that does not fit well into FLUID architecture, then my solution would
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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424 have been to produce a new tool that is free of unmaintainable FLUID gunk
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parents: 364
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425 (support for hw that no longer exists and thus can't be tested, old FLUID
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426 bootloader protocol), but keeps those parts of FLUID architecture that make it
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parents: 364
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427 so fast. But as they say, history does not know subjunctive mood.
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428
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429 So what can we do in the present? We have targets and operations which would
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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430 be very difficult to shoehorn into the architecture of FLUID, but which are
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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431 well-supported by fc-loadtool - how can we make them as fast as FLUID? One
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parents: 364
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432 promising approach would be to extend our loadagent yet again, adding a flash
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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433 programming protocol similar to FLUID, with parallelized flash operations and
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434 serial stream Rx and with LZ77 decompression, and change fc-loadtool to use
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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435 this new protocol for flash programming while keeping all other functionality
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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436 as it already works. But given the sorry state of FreeCalypso funding, this
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 364
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437 idea may never get implemented. :-(