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annotate mpffs/Description @ 35:ee4c761187cf

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mpffs-cat implemented
author Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Sun, 30 Jun 2013 16:55:19 +0000
parents c9f7a4afccc9
children 86a494a5f2b0
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343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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1 This is a description, based on reverse engineering, of the flash file system
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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2 (FFS) implemented in Pirelli's original firmware for the DP-L10 GSM/WiFi dual
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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3 mode mobile phone, and in the Closedmoko GTA0x modem firmware. Not knowing the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
4 "proper" name for this FFS, and needing _some_ identifier to refer to it, I
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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5 have named it Mokopir-FFS, from "Moko" and "Pirelli" - sometimes abbreviated
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
6 further to MPFFS.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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7
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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8 (I have previously called the FFS in question MysteryFFS; but now that I've
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
9 successfully reverse-engineered it, it isn't such a mystery any more :-)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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10
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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11 At a high functional level, Mokopir-FFS presents the following features:
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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12
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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13 * Has a directory tree structure like UNIX file systems;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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14
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
15 * The file system API that must be implemented inside the proprietary firmware
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
16 appears to use UNIX-style pathnames; doing strings on firmware images reveals
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
17 pathname strings like these:
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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18
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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19 /var/dbg/dar
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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20 /gsm/l3/rr_white_list
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
21 /gsm/l3/rr_medium_rxlev_thr
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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22 /gsm/l3/rr_upper_rxlev_thr
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
23 /gsm/l3/shield
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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24
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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25 Parsing the corresponding FFS image with tools included in the present
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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26 package has confirmed that the directory structure implied by these pathnames
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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27 does indeed exist in the FFS.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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28
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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29 * Absolutely no DOS-ish semantics seen anywhere: no 8.3 filenames and no
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
30 colon-separated device names (seen in the TSM30 file system source, for
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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31 example) are visible in the Closedmoko/Pirelli FFS.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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32
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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33 * File contents are stored uncompressed, but not necessarily contiguous: one
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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34 could probably store a file in FFS which is bigger than the flash sector
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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35 size, it which case it can never be contiguous in a writable FFS (see below),
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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36 and the firmware implementation seems to limit chunk sizes to a fairly small
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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37 number: on the Pirelli phones all largish files are divided into chunks of
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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38 8 KiB each, and on my GTA02 the largest observed chunk size is only 2 KiB.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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39
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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40 The smaller files, like the IMEI and the firmware ID strings in my GTA02 FFS,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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41 are contiguous.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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42
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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43 * The FFS structure is such that the length of "user" payload data stored in
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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44 each chunk (and consequently, in each file) can be known exactly in bytes,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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45 with the files/chunks able to contain arbitrary binary data. (This property
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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46 may seem obvious or trivial, as all familiar UNIX and DOS file systems have
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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47 it, but contrast with RT-11 for example.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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48
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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49 * The flash file system is a writable one: the running firmware can create,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
50 delete and overwrite files (and possibly directories too) in the live FFS;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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51 thus the FFS design is such that allows these operations to be performed
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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52 within the physical constraints of NOR flash write operations.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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53
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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54 I have reverse-engineered this Mokopir-FFS on a read-only level. What it means
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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55 is that I, or anyone else who can read this document and the accompanying
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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56 source for the listing/extraction utilities, can take a Mokopir-FFS image read
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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57 out of a device and see/extract its full content: the complete directory tree
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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58 and the exact binary byte content of all files contained therein.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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59
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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60 However, the knowledge possessed by the present hacker (and conveyed in this
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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61 document and the accompanying source code) is NOT sufficient for constructing a
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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62 valid Mokopir-FFS image "in vitro" given a tree of directories and files, or
28
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
63 for making modifications to the file or directory content of an existing image
27
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
64 and producing a content-modified image that is also valid; valid as in suitable
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
65 for the original proprietary firmware to make its normal read and write
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
66 operations without noticing anything amiss.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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67
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
68 Constructing "de novo" Mokopir-FFS images or modifying existing images in such
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
69 a way that they remain 100% valid for all read and write operations of the
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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70 original proprietary firmware would, at the very minimum, require an
28
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
71 understanding of the meaning of *all* fields of the on-media FFS format. Some
27
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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72 of these fields are still left as "non-understood" for now though: a read-only
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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73 implementation can get away with simply ignoring them, but a writer/generator
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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74 would have to put *something* in those fields.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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75
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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76 As you read the "read-only" description of the Mokopir-FFS on-media format in
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
77 the remainder of this document, it should become fairly obvious which pieces
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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78 are missing before our understanding of this FFS can be elevated to a
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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79 "writable" level.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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80
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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81 However, when it comes to writing new code to run on the two Calypso phones in
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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82 question (Closedmoko and Pirelli), it seems, at least to the present hacker,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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83 that a read-only understanding of Mokopir-FFS should be sufficient:
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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84
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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85 * In the case of Closedmoko GTA0x modems, the FFS is seen to contain the IMEI
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
86 and the RF calibration data. The format of the former is obvious; the latter
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
87 not so much - but in any case, the information of interest is clearly of a
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
88 read-only nature. It's difficult to tell (or rather, I haven't bothered to
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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89 experiment enough) whether the Closedmoko firmware does any writes to FFS or
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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90 if the FFS is treated as read-only outside of the production line environment,
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
91 but in any case, it seems to me that for any 3rd party replacement firmware,
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
92 the best strategy would be to treat the FFS as a read-only source of IMEI and
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
93 RF calibration data, and nothing more.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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94
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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95 * In the case of Pirelli phones, the FFS is used to store user data: sent and
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
96 received SMS (and MMS/email/whatever), call history, UI settings, pictures
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
97 taken with the camera, and whatever else. It also stores a ton of files
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
98 which I can only presume were meant to be immutable except at the time of
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
99 firmware updates: graphics for the UI, ringtones, i18n UI strings, and even
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
100 "helper" firmware images for the WiFi and VoIP processors. However, no IMEI
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
101 or RF calibration data are anywhere to be found in the FFS - instead this
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
102 information appears to be stored in the "factory block" at the end of the
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
103 flash (in its own sector) outside of the FFS.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
104
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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105 Being able to parse FFS images extracted out of Pirelli phones "in vitro"
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
106 allows us to steal some of these helper files (UI artwork, ringtones,
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
107 WiFi/VoIP helpers), and some of these might even come useful to firmware
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
108 replacement projects, but it seems to me that a replacement firmware would
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
109 be better off using its own FFS design for storing user data, and as to
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
110 retrieving the original IMEI and RF calibration data, the original FFS isn't
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
111 of any use for that anyway.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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112
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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113 =======================
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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114 Moko/Pirelli FFS format
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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115 =======================
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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116
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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117 OK, now that I'm done with the introduction, we can get to the actual
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
118 Mokopir-FFS format.
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
119
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Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
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120 * On the GTA0x modem (or at least on my GTA02; my sample size is 1) the FFS
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
121 occupies 7 flash sectors of 64 KiB each at offsets 0x380000 through 0x3E0000,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
122 inclusive.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
123
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
124 (The 4 MiB NOR flash chip used by Closedmoko has an independent R/W bank
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
125 division between the first 3 MiB and the last 1 MiB. The first 3 MiB are used
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
126 to hold the field-flashable closed firmware images distributed as *.m0 files;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
127 the independent last megabyte holds the FFS, and thus the FW could be
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
128 implemented to do FFS writes while running from flash in the main bank.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
129 Less than half of that last megabyte appears to be used for the FFS though;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
130 the rest appears to be unused - blank flash observed.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
131
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
132 * On the Pirelli the FFS occupies 18 sectors of 256 KiB each at offsets 0
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
133 through 0x440000 (inclusive) of the 2nd flash chip select, the one wired to
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
134 nCS3 on the Calypso.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
135
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
136 Each flash sector allocated to FFS begins with the following signature:
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
137
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
138 00000000: 46 66 73 23 10 02 xx yy zz FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Ffs#............
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
139
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
140 The bytes shown as xx and yy above serve a non-understood purpose; as a guess,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
141 they may hold some info for the flash wear leveling algorithm: in a "virgin"
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
142 FFS image like that found in my GTA02 (which never had a SIM card in it and
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
143 never made or received a call) or read out of a "virgin" Pirelli phone that
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
144 hasn't seen any active use yet, both of these bytes are FFs, but when I look at
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
145 FFS images read out of the Pirelli which I currently use as my everyday-use
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
146 cellphone, I see other values in sectors which must have been erased and
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
147 rewritten. A read-only implementation can ignore these bytes, as mine does.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
148
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
149 The byte shown as zz is more important though, even to a read-only
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
150 implementation. The 3 values I've encountered in this byte so far are AB, BD
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
151 and BF. Per my current understanding, in a "healthy" FFS exactly one sector
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
152 will have AB in its header, exactly one will have BF, and the rest will have
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
153 BD. The meanings are (or appear to be):
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
154
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
155 AB: the sector holds a vital data structure which I have called the active
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
156 index block;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
157 BD: the sector holds regular data;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
158 BF: the sector is blank except for the header, can be turned into a new AB or
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
159 BD.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
160
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
161 (Note that a flash program operation, which can turn 1s into 0s but not the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
162 other way around, can turn BF into either AB or BD - but neither AB nor BD can
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
163 be turned into any other valid value.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
164
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
165 In a "virgin" FFS image (as explained above) the first FFS sector is AB, the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
166 last one is BF, and the ones in between are BDs.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
167
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
168 An FFS read operation (a search for a given pathname, or a listing of all
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
169 present directories and files) needs to start with locating the active index
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
170 block - the FFS sector with AB in the header. Following this header, which is
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
171 treated as being 16 bytes long (almost everything in Mokopir-FFS is aligned on
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
172 16-byte boundaries), the active index block contains a linear array of 16-byte
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
173 records, each record describing an FFS object: directory, file or file
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
174 continuation chunk.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
175
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
176 Here is my current understanding of the 16-byte index block record structure:
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
177
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
178 2 bytes: Length of the described chunk in bytes
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
179 1 byte: Purpose/meaning not understood, ignored by my current code
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
180 1 byte: Object type
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
181 2 bytes: Descendant pointer
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
182 2 bytes: Sibling pointer
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
183 4 bytes: Data pointer
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
184 4 bytes: Purpose/meaning not understood, ignored by my current code
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
185
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
186 (On the Calypso phones of interest, all multibyte fields are in the native
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
187 little-endian byte order of the ARM7TDMI processor.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
188
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
189 The active index block gets filled with these records as objects are created;
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
190 the first record goes right after the 'Ffs#'...AB header (padded to 16 bytes);
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
191 the last record (at any given moment) is followed by blank flash for the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
192 remainder of the sector. Records thus appear in the order in which they are
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
193 created, which bears no direct relation to the directory tree structure.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
194
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
195 The objects, each described by a record in the index block, are organized into
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
196 a tree structure by the descendant and sibling pointers, plus the object type
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
197 indicator byte. Let's start with the latter; the following objtype byte values
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
198 have been observed:
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
199
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
200 00: deleted object - a read-only implementation should ignore everything except
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
201 the descendant and sibling pointers. (A write-capable implementation would
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
202 need more care - it would need a way of reclaiming dirty flash space taken
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
203 up by deleted/overwritten files.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
204
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
205 E1: a special file - see the description of the /.journal file further down
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
206 F1: a regular file (head chunk thereof)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
207 F2: a directory
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
208 F4: file continuation chunk (explained below)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
209
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
210 Each record in the index block has an associated chunk in one of the data
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
211 sectors; the index record contains fields giving the address and length of this
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
212 chunk. The length of a chunk is always a nonzero multiple of 16 bytes, and is
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
213 stored (as a number in bytes) in the first 16-bit field of the 16-byte index
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
214 entry. The address of each chunk is given by the data pointer field of the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
215 index record, and it is reckoned in 16-byte units (thereby 16-byte alignment is
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
216 required) from the beginning of the FFS sector group in the flash address space.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
217
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
218 For objects of type F1 and F2 (regular files and directories) the just-described
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
219 chunk begins with the name of the file or subdirectory as a NUL-terminated ASCII
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
220 string. This name is just for the current level of the directory tree, just
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
221 like in UNIX directories, thus one will have chunk names like gsm, l3, eplmn
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
222 etc, rather than /gsm/l3/eplmn. One practical effect is that one can't readily
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
223 see pathnames or any of the directory structure by looking at an FFS image as a
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
224 raw hex dump; the structure is only revealed when one uses a parsing program
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
225 like those which accompany this document.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
226
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
227 In the case of directories, the "chunk" part of the object contains only the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
228 name of the directory itself, padded with FFs to a 16-byte boundary. For
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
229 example, an FFS directory named /gsm would be represented by an object
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
230 consisting of two flash writes: a 16-byte entry in the active index block, with
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
231 the object type byte set to F2, and a corresponding 16-byte chunk in one of the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
232 data sectors, with the 16 bytes containing "gsm", a terminating NUL byte, and
28
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
233 12 FF bytes to pad up to 16. In the case of files, this name may be followed
27
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
234 by the first chunk of file data content, as explained further down.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
235
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
236 In order to parse the FFS directory tree (whether the objective is to dump the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
237 whole thing recursively or to find a specific file given a pathname), one needs
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
238 to first (well, after finding the active AB block) find the root directory node.
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
239 The root directory object is similar to other directory objects: it has a type
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
240 of F2, and an associated chunk of 16 bytes in one of the data sectors. The
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
241 latter contains the name of the root node: on the Pirelli it is "/", whereas on
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
242 my GTA02 it is "/ffs-root".
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
243
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
244 The astute reader should notice that it really makes no sense to store a name
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
245 for the root node, and indeed, this name plays no part in the traversal of the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
246 directory tree given an absolute pathname. But instead this name, or rather
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
247 its first character, appears to be used for the purpose of locating the root
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
248 node itself. At first I had assumed that the index record for the root node is
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
249 always the first record in the active index block right after the signature
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
250 header - that is how it is in "virgin" FFS images, and also in some quite non-
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
251 virgin ones I have pulled from my daily-use Pirelli. Naturally my first version
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
252 of the Mokopir-FFS (then called MysteryFFS) extraction utility expected the root
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
253 node to always be at index #1. But then I got some additional Pirelli phones,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
254 and discovered that in certain cases, index record #1 is a deleted object (the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
255 original root node which has been deleted), and the new active root node is
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
256 somewhere in the middle of the index!
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
257
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
258 Thus it appears that in order to find the active root node, one needs to scan
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
259 the active index block linearly from the beginning (disregarding the tree
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
260 structure pointers in this initial pass), looking for a non-deleted object of
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
261 type F2 (a directory) whose corresponding name chunk sports a name beginning
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
262 with the '/' character. (Anyone who's been raised in UNIX will immediately
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
263 know that the path separator character '/' is the only character other than NUL
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
264 that's absolutely forbidden in the individual filenames - so this special
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
265 "root node name" is the only case of a '/' character appearing in what would
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
266 otherwise be a regular filename.)
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
267
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
268 [What causes the root node to be somewhere other than at index #1? I assume it
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
269 has to do with the dirty space reclamation / data movement algorithm. In a
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
270 "virgin" FFS image the very first sector is the active index block, and the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
271 following sector is the first to hold chunks, beginning with the name chunk of
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
272 the root node. Now what happens if all data in that sector aside from the
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
273 root node name and some other mostly-static directory names becomes dirty,
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
274 i.e., belonging to deleted or overwritten files? How would that flash space
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
275 get reclaimed? I assume that the FFS firmware algorithm moves all still-active
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
276 chunks to a new flash sector, invalidating the old copies - turning the latter
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
277 into deleted objects. The root node will be among them. Then at some point
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
278 the active index block is going to fill up too, and will need to be rewritten
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
279 into a new sector - at which point the previously-deleted index entries are
343b6b2f178b beginning of Mokopir-FFS verbal description
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents:
diff changeset
280 omitted and the root node becomes #1 again...]
28
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
281
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
282 Tree structure
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
283
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
284 Once the root node has been found, the descendant and sibling pointers are used
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
285 to traverse the tree structure. For each directory object, including the root
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
286 node, the descendant pointer points to the first child object of this directory:
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
287 the first file or subdirectory contained therein. (Descendant and sibling
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
288 pointers take the form of index numbers in the active index block. A "nil"
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
289 pointer is indicated by all 1s (FFFF) - the usual all-0s NULL pointer convention
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
290 couldn't be used because it's flash, where the blank state is all 1s.) If the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
291 descendant pointer of a directory object is nil, that means an empty directory.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
292 The sibling pointer of each file or directory points to its next sibling, i.e.,
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
293 the next member of the same parent directory. The sibling pointer of the root
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
294 node is nil.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
295
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
296 Data content of files
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
297
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
298 Objects of type F1 are the head chunks of files. Each file has a head chunk,
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
299 and may or may not have continuation chunks. More precisely, the head chunk
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
300 may contain only the name (or viewed alternatively, 0 bytes of data), or it may
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
301 contain a nonzero number of payload bytes; orthogonally to this variability,
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
302 there may or may not be continuation chunk(s) present.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
303
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
304 Continuation chunks
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
305
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
306 The descendant pointer of each file head object (the object of type F1, the one
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
307 reached by traversing the directory tree) indicates whether or not there are
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
308 any continuation chunks present. If this descendant pointer is nil, there are
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
309 no continuation chunks; otherwise it points to the first continuation chunk
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
310 object. File continuation objects have type F4, don't have any siblings (the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
311 sibling pointer is nil), and the descendant pointer of each continuation object
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
312 points to the next continuation object, if there is one - nil otherwise.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
313
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
314 Payload data delineation
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
315
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
316 Each chunk, whether head or continuation, always has a length that is a nonzero
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
317 multiple of 16 bytes. The length of the chunk here means the amount of flash
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
318 space it occupies in its data sector - which is NOT equal to the payload data
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
319 length.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
320
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
321 The head chunk of each file begins with the filename, terminated by a NUL byte.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
322 If there are any payload data bytes present in this head chunk (I'll explain
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
323 momentarily how you would tell), the byte immediately after the NUL that
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
324 terminates the filename is the first byte of the payload. In the case of a
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
325 continuation chunk, there is no filename and the first byte of the chunk is the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
326 first byte of that chunk's portion of the user data payload.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
327
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
328 Each data-containing chunk (head or continuation) has the following termination
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
329 after the last byte of that chunk's payload data: one byte of 00, followed by
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
330 however many bytes are needed ([0,15] range) of FFs to pad to a 16-byte
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
331 boundary. A file head chunk that has no payload data has the same format as a
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
332 directory name chunk: filename followed by its terminating NUL followed by
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
333 [0,15] bytes of FFs to pad to the next 16-byte boundary.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
334
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
335 When working with a head chunk, find the beginning of possible payload data (1
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
336 byte after the filename terminating NUL) and find the end per the standard
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
337 termination logic: scanning from the end of the chunk, skip FFs until 00 is
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
338 found (encountering anything else is an error). If the head chunk has no data,
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
339 the effective data length (end_pointer - start_pointer) will be 0 or -1. (The
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
340 latter possibility is the most likely, as there will normally be a "shared" 00
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
341 byte, serving as both the filename terminator and the 00 before the padding
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
342 FF bytes.)
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
343
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
344 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
345
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
346 That's all I can think of right now. If anything is unclear, see the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
347 accompanying source code for the listing/extraction utilities: with the general
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
348 explanation given by this document, it should be clear what my code does and
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
349 why. And if a given piece of knowledge is found neither in this document nor
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
350 in my source code, then I don't know it myself either, and my read-only
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
351 Mokopir-FFS implementation makes do without it.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
352
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
353 All knowledge contained herein has been recovered by reverse engineering.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
354 Believe it or not, I have figured it out by staring at the hex dump of FFS
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
355 sectors, reasoning about how one could possibly implement an FFS given the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
356 requirement of dynamic writability and the physical constraints of flash memory,
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
357 and writing listing/extraction test code iteratively until I got something that
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
358 appears to correctly parse all FFS images available to me - the result is the
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
359 code in this package.
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
360
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
361 I never got as far as attempting to locate the FFS implementation routines
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
362 within the proprietary firmware binary code images, and I most certainly don't
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
363 have anything from TI that would help in this case. (The TSM30 code doesn't
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
364 seem to be of any use as its FFS appears to be totally different, and I haven't
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
365 looked at the FFS code in the more recently found LoCosto code leak because I
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
366 assumed from the documentation in the latter that the FFS implemented there is
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
367 different as well.)
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
368
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
369 Michael Spacefalcon
c9f7a4afccc9 Mokopir-FFS: verbal description finished
Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
parents: 27
diff changeset
370 SE 52 Mes 11