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annotate doc/RVTMUX @ 923:10b4bed10192

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gsm-fw/L1: fix for the DSP patch corruption bug The L1 code we got from the LoCosto fw contains a feature for DSP CPU load measurement. This feature is a LoCosto-ism, i.e., not applicable to earlier DBB chips (Calypso) with their respective earlier DSP ROMs. Most of the code dealing with that feature is conditionalized as #if (DSP >= 38), but one spot was missed, and the MCU code was writing into an API word dealing with this feature. In TCS211 this DSP API word happens to be used by the DSP code patch, hence that write was corrupting the patched DSP code.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Mon, 19 Oct 2015 17:13:56 +0000
parents 14618bd924ec
children 285505f98013
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1 TI's Calypso GSM/GPRS baseband processor chip has not one but two UART serial
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2 ports, called "MODEM" and "IrDA" in the hardware documentation. In hardware
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3 terms, both support basic data-leads-only UART operation at a fixed baud rate,
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4 but their extended capabilities differ: the IrDA UART adds IrDA capability (no
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5 surprise), whereas the MODEM UART adds hardware flow control and autobaud. If
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6 one is not implementing an actual IrDA interface, then the so-called "IrDA"
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7 UART becomes a strict subset of the MODEM one in terms of hw capabilities -
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8 just an extra UART, but a somewhat less capable one.
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9
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10 In a classic modem design such as that present in the GTA0x smartphones made by
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11 FIC/Openmoko, the Calypso presents a standard AT command interface on its MODEM
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12 UART port. (In the case of GTA0x phones this serial channel is wired to the
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13 phone's application processor; in a standalone modem it would be wired to a
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14 USB-serial chip or even to a classic RS-232 DB25 port.) However, what is less
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15 known is that the standard firmware for such modems simultaneously presents an
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16 entirely different interface on the IrDA UART - an interface intended for
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17 development, debugging and factory production testing (which includes RF
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18 calibration and IMEI etc programming), rather than for "normal" end users.
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19
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20 Normally this debug/development serial interface (called RVTMUX as will be
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21 explained momentarily) is hidden from "ordinary" users - for example, on FIC
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22 GTA0x phones it is wired to the analog headset jack through a hardware switch
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23 which needs to be enabled through a GPIO signal from the AP. On Mot C139 and
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24 its siblings the situation is similar: one needs to key in the secret magic
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25 sequence **16379#, and then the firmware presents a hidden menu for switching
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26 the analog headset jack between its "normal" function and the UART carrying
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27 RVTMUX.
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28
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29 But there also exist some oddball devices on which the RVTMUX interface is
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30 presented "in your face". The Pirelli DP-L10 phone has a USB charging port
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31 which is also wired (through a CP2102 USB-serial chip) to the IrDA UART on the
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32 Calypso - that's right, IrDA, not MODEM - a design decision with which this
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33 hacker strongly disagrees. (It'll definitely be wired to the MODEM UART
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34 instead on our own semi-clone of this phone, but I digress.) Apparently Foxconn
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35 (the designers of this phone) had no desire to provide a standard AT command
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36 interface, and instead the only "official" way to use the "data" function of
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37 their USB port (rather than the charging function) is for their "PC sync"
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38 feature, i.e., their proprietary Weendoze software. And guess what, their
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39 proprietary "PC sync" feature works over TI's RVTMUX interface, as that is
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40 what's presented on Calypso's IrDA UART behind the CP2102!
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41
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42 OK, so what is this RVTMUX? RV stands for RiViera, an application framework
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43 which TI added to their GSM firmware suite in the early 2000s, T stands for
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44 trace, and MUX stands for multiplexor. It's a binary packet interface, although
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45 many of these packets contain ASCII debug messages inside. The framing format
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46 is the same in both directions: each packet begins and ends with an STX (0x02)
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47 byte, all payload bytes except 0x02 and 0x10 are sent literally, and there is a
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48 DLE (0x10) byte prepended before any 0x02 or 0x10 in the payload. It's the same
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49 general principle as asynchronous HDLC (RFC 1662): packets can contain any
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50 binary data, and the framing provides packet boundaries - although TI's version
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51 is a little less robust than async-HDLC when it comes to recovering after lost
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52 synchronization.
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53
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54 The firmware suite component responsible for actually sending and receiving
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55 these packets over the assigned UART port (usually IrDA, but can be MODEM too,
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56 as on Compal phones for example) is called RVT (RiViera Trace), and it
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57 implements a MUX function. There are several logical channels multiplexed over
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58 one physical serial port, and the first byte of every packet indicates which
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59 logical channel it belongs to. Any component within the GSM firmware suite can
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60 send packets to RVT for transmission on this serial interface, and can also
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61 register to receive packets beginning with a particular type ID byte.
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62
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63 Use in FreeCalypso
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64 ==================
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65
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66 The FreeCalypso project has adopted the same general firmware architecture as
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67 that exhibited by TI's standard firmwares from the Moko/Pirelli time frame. We
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68 use TI's RiViera framework lifted directly out of the TCS211 reference fw, and
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69 that includes the RVT module and the RVTMUX interface it presents. At the
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70 present time (early development stage, none of the actual GSM functionality has
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71 been integrated yet) this RVTMUX interface is put to the following uses in our
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72 own gsm-fw:
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73
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74 * Debug trace output from various components sent via the rvf_send_trace()
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75 function - it is the RiViera Trace output in the proper sense;
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76
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77 * The ETM module and the associated FFS access protocol described below.
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78
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79 In the existing proprietary firmwares which serve as our reference, the RVTMUX
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80 serial channel is continuously spewing very voluminous debug output. This debug
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81 output exhibits 3 different packet types: RV traces described above, and also
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82 L1 and G23 traces, each in its own format. We expect that our own gsm-fw will
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83 become just like these reference versions in this regard, once we integrate
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84 those code layers.
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85
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86 ETM and FFS access
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87 ==================
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88
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89 Another component which we have lifted out of the TCS211 reference fw is ETM,
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90 which stands for Enhanced Test Mode. This module registers its own "top level"
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91 protocol over RVTMUX, and provides a registration service of its own, such that
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92 various components in the fw suite can register to receive external command
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93 packets passing first through RVT, then through ETM, and can send responses
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94 passing through ETM, then through RVT back to the external host.
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95
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96 The ETM_CORE module contained within ETM itself provides some low-level debug
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97 commands: by sending the right binary command packets to the GSM device via the
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98 RVTMUX serial channel, an external host can examine or modify any memory
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99 location and any hardware register, cause the device to reset, etc.
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100
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101 The only other ETM-based functionality currently integrated in our gsm-fw
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102 besides ETM_CORE is TMFFS (Test Mode for FFS), which is the external access
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103 channel to the device file system - see TIFFS-Overview. The TMFFS1 and TMFFS2
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104 protocols provide a command/response packet interface to the FFS API functions
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105 inside the fw, and enable an external host connected to the GSM device via the
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106 RVTMUX channel to perform arbitrary read and write operations on the device
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107 file system.
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108
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109 TMFFS protocol versions
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110 =======================
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111
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112 TI made two different and entirely incompatible versions of the TMFFS protocol
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113 for accessing a device's FFS via RVT/ETM: TMFFS1 and TMFFS2. The fw sources
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114 available to us contain implementations of both versions, so we have the freedom
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115 to use whichever we like better for FreeCalypso. After studying the fw source
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116 implementing the two TMFFS protocols, I (Space Falcon) came to the conclusion
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117 that TMFFS2 is both more capable and more reliable; my guess is that TMFFS1 was
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118 likely kept around only because some of TI's crappy Weendoze host software
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119 depended on it. (See gsm-fw/services/ffs/tmffs.c if you would like to judge
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120 for yourself.) Thus TMFFS2 is currently the "officially adopted" version for
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121 FreeCalypso.
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122
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123 Our fc-tmsh utility (see below and ../rvinterf/README) allows a developer-
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124 operator to send TMFFS "get version" queries to a running GSM fw in both
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125 ETM_FFS1 and ETM_FFS2 formats; this capability allows us to determine
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126 experimentally which protocol (if any) is implemented by a given proprietary
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127 firmware version. Experiments reveal that Openmoko's moko11 firmware
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128 implements TMFFS1, whereas Pirelli's fw implements TMFFS2.
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129
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130 The leo2moko-r1 firmware produced by the FreeCalypso project in 2013-10
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131 implements TMFFS1, simply because that was the selected configuration in the
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132 found Leonardo source that transitional fw is based on, and that release was
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133 made before I learned RVTMUX, FFS, ETM and TMFFS properly. All future
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134 FreeCalypso firmwares will use TMFFS2, or at least that's the current plan.
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135
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136 Host utility support
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137 ====================
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138
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139 As one would naturally expect, the FreeCalypso project has developed some host
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140 tools that allow a PC running GNU/Linux (or other Unix systems) to interface to
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141 running firmwares on GSM devices via RVTMUX. See the rvinterf subtree of
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142 freecalypso-sw for the source and documentation.