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annotate ffstools/Usage @ 394:6661e5bc0712

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target-utils: flush serial output before Iota poweroff
author Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Wed, 11 Jun 2014 17:32:51 +0000
parents 63cd64625597
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1 The generic tiffs utility needs to be invoked as follows:
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2
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3 tiffs [global-options] <imgfile> <org> <cmd> [command-args]
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4
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5 The first 3 non-optional arguments are the filename of the TIFFS image under
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6 examination, the FFS organization being examined, and the operation to be
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7 performed. The present utility is designed in the classic Unix manner in that
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8 each invokation performs a single operation and exits, such that invokations of
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9 tiffs (or one of the wrappers described below) may be plumbed into pipes and
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10 the like.
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11
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12 The 2nd argument to tiffs after the FFS image filename describes how the TIFFS
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13 instance under study is organized in terms of flash sectors. The syntax of
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14 this argument is KxN, where K is the flash sector size in KiB and N is the
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15 number of sectors occupied by the FFS. For MokoFFS images the correct
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16 organization argument is 64x7 (7 sectors of 64 KiB each); for Pirelli's FFS
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17 images it is 256x18 (18 sectors of 256 KiB each).
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18
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19 The following global options may be given before the image filename argument:
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20
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21 -a num
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22
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23 Use the specified flash block (sector) as the inode array block.
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24
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25 -o offset
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26
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27 The FFS image begins at the specified offset within the file, rather
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28 than at the beginning. This option is useful when working with complete
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29 device flash dumps of which FFS is only a part, starting somewhere
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30 other than at 0.
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31
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32 -r ino
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33
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34 Use the specified inode as the root. Per Falcon's convention, TIFFS
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35 inode numbers are always given in hex, hence this argument is
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36 interpreted as hex without needing a 0x prefix.
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37
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38 The invokation syntax for mokoffs and pirffs wrappers is the same as for tiffs,
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39 except that the FFS organization argument (64x7 or 256x18) is omitted; the
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40 wrapper fills that argument in before passing the command to the main tiffs
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41 program. The only other difference is that instead of the generic -o global
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42 option, mokoffs takes a -f global option (no argument) which indicates that one
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43 is working with a complete flash dump image, rather than just the FFS portion;
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44 mokoffs -f gets translated into tiffs -o0x380000. (pirffs has no such option
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45 at all because Pirelli's FFS starts at offset 0 within its respective flash
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46 chip select.)
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47
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48 The next argument after the FFS organization for tiffs (or after the image
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49 filename for mokoffs/pirffs) is the command (or operation) to be performed.
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50 The following tiffs commands are currently available:
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51
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52 General information commands
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53 ============================
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54
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55 These commands display general or summary information about the FFS image:
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56
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57 tiffs <...> blkhdr
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58
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59 This command displays the basic information contained in the header of each
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60 flash erase block comprising the FFS image.
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61
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62 tiffs <...> fsinfo
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63
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64 This command displays some general information about the file system.
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65
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66 Standard listing/extraction commands
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67 ====================================
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68
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69 These commands list or extract the normally-visible content of the FFS, i.e.,
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70 the content which is visible when the FFS is "mounted" normally, and which the
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71 FFS promises to preserve - as opposed to deleted or overwritten content.
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72
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73 tiffs <...> ls [-v[v]] [pathname...]
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74
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75 Tiffs ls without additional arguments yields a listing of the complete FFS
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76 directory tree, akin to tar tv. Example output fragment:
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77
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78 fr 4096 /.journal
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79 d /gsm
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80 d /gsm/rf
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81 d /gsm/rf/tx
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82 f 512 /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.900
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83 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900
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84 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.900
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85
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86 The first character is 'f' for files or 'd' for directories. An 'r' following
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87 immediately afterward means that the object has the read-only attribute set.
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88 For files the listing includes the content size in bytes, and the last part is
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89 the pathname of the object within the FFS.
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90
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91 With a single -v option added after ls, the output will include verbose
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92 information as to the segmentation structure of each file. With two -v options
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93 or with -vv, this additional output will also include the byte offset of each
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94 data chunk, relative to the beginning of the FFS image.
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95
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96 Tiffs ls with a pathname argument yields information about the specified FFS
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97 object; -v and -vv options act as already described, but are arguably more
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98 useful when listing single files.
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99
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100 tiffs <...> cat [-v|-h] pathname
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101
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102 Just like the standard Unix cat(1) command, but cat'ing files from the FFS image
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103 under study. The non-standard -h option means hex dump - it is handy because
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104 almost all files in TI's GSM device FFS are binary, rather than ASCII.
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105
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106 tiffs <...> xtr dest-dir
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107
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108 This command extracts the complete content of the FFS into your ordinary Unix
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109 file system. The sole argument is the local directory into which the root of
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110 the GSM device FFS should be extracted.
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111
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112 Forensic analysis commands
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113 ==========================
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114
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115 Unlike the "standard" listing/extraction commands which present TIFFS as a
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116 "normal" Unix file system, using the "forensic" commands effectively requires
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117 that the operator understands how TIFFS works, in particular, what an inode is
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118 in TIFFS.
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119
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120 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]]
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121
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122 This command lists the FFS inode array from first to last; this listing order
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123 will normally correspond to the forward chronological order of object creation.
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124 -v and -vv options add verbosity.
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125
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126 '.' in the object type column means segment, '~' means a deleted object. The
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127 lsino command only lists the inode array, and does not try to recover the
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128 original type of deleted/overwritten objects from the journal or other clues.
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129 The program attempts to recover the pathname of each inode, but because such
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130 reverse mapping from inodes to pathnames is not an operation which TIFFS was
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131 properly designed to support, and the pathname recovery algorithm in this TIFFS
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132 IVA tool is made as generic as possible (doesn't look at the object types), the
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133 lsino listing will occasionally include some bogus pathnames. Once again, it
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134 is expected that the operator knows what s/he is doing when using these forensic
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135 commands.
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136
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137 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] [-f] ino...
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138
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139 This command works just like ls with an explicit pathname argument, but takes
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140 one or more inode numbers instead. The -f option matters only if the requested
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141 inode is in the deleted/overwritten state; it tells the lsino command to assume
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142 that the object is/was the head inode of a file; -vf and -vvf combinations are
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143 particularly useful.
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144
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145 tiffs <...> catino [-v|-h] ino
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146
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147 Just like regular cat, but takes an inode number instead of a pathname. Can be
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parents: 250
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148 used to cat the old content of deleted or overwritten files.