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annotate loadtools/README @ 405:a212b4968b29

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fc-loadtool flash: another refactoring: geometry vs. command set
author Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Tue, 17 Jun 2014 00:33:05 +0000
parents 3275c8881cb7
children 1ec83a5fa8b3
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1 You are looking at the source for the FreeCalypso loadtools package. You may
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2 have downloaded it either as a separate package or as part of the larger
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3 freecalypso-sw suite.
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4
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5 The tools in this package are written to run on some Unix/Linux machine
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6 (normally a PC/Linux desktop or laptop) that acts as a host for operating on
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7 Calypso target devices. All of these tools communicate with the Calypso target
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8 through a serial port; each tool begins its operation by sending special byte
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9 sequences to this serial port which are designed to interrupt the Calypso
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10 device boot process in the ROM bootloader.
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11
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12 Three utilities are currently built as part of FreeCalypso loadtools:
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13
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14 fc-iram & fc-xram These utilities are intended for FreeCalypso developers
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15 only. They load an S-record code image into IRAM or
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16 XRAM, respectively, induce a transfer of control to the
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17 loaded code, and then drop into a serial line pass-thru
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18 mode for the operator to interact with the thus loaded
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19 target code.
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20
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21 fc-loadtool This utility is intended for both developers and end
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22 users. After establishing communication with the
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23 target, fc-loadtool drops into interactive operation.
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24 Once at the loadtool> prompt, you can peek and poke
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25 registers, and most importantly, dump (read) and load
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26 (program) the flash memory of the target device.
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27
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28 Loadagent
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29 =========
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30
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31 Both fc-loadtool and fc-xram work by first feeding a FreeCalypso-developed
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32 program called loadagent to the Calypso ROM bootloader; all further operations
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33 (loading code into XRAM or flash) are done via this loadagent. An S-record
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34 image of the loadagent program is required for fc-loadtool and fc-xram to work.
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35 That program is in turn built with the ARM7 toolchain.
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36
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37 If you are working with the full freecalypso-sw suite, you presumably already
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38 have the proper ARM7 toolchain built and installed. To build loadagent, simply
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39 run 'make' in the ../target-utils tree.
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40
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41 If you have downloaded a separately-packaged version of FreeCalypso loadtools,
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42 the package should have a prebuilt loadagent.srec image included, sparing
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43 non-developer users the nontrivial hurdle of having to build and install a
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44 special cross-compilation toolchain. The same loadagent binary is designed to
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45 work on all supported Calypso targets.
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46
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47 Building and installing loadtools
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48 =================================
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49
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50 Normally the machine on which you build and install fc-loadtools would be your
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51 PC/Linux desktop or laptop, the system you would use to program or otherwise
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52 interact with Calypso phones by way of appropriate USB-to-phone cables. Just
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53 like loadagent, the host utilities you are going to build and install aren't
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54 specific to a particular target device; instead you will select the target
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55 device at run time via a command line option. Hence you can build and install
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56 the host utilities (usual 'make' and 'make install') without limiting your
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57 setup to just one target phone type.
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58
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59 However, if your intended target device is an Openmoko GTA02 (or GTA01)
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60 smartphone, there is one additional complication: one cannot directly access
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61 the Calypso part of these phones from the outside without going through the
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62 phone's application processor first. If you would like to use fc-loadtool to
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63 read or write the GSM flash memory of your GTA0x (load a different firmware
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64 image, dump the flash file system for backup or examination, restore a previous
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65 backup etc), there are two ways to do it:
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66
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67 1. The recommended way for FreeCalypso developers is to get a special serial
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68 cable (low voltage, as in 3.3V or lower - *NOT* RS-232 levels - please don't
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69 fry your precious phone!) that would plug into the 2.5mm jack on the left
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70 side of the phone that is normally intended for a wired headset. This way
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71 you can use your regular build of fc-loadtool (and fc-iram & fc-xram) on
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72 your PC/Linux (or other) development host, no need to build anything for
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73 GTA0x AP, and all communication happens directly between your development
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74 host and the Calypso part of your target phone - not going through the AP
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75 at all. You still need working software on the GTA0x AP to do battery
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76 management, to power the Calypso block on and off, and to enable the headset
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77 jack "download" path, but it is much less burdensome than having to do the
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78 actual FreeCalypso work from the AP.
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79
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80 Having the headset jack do double duty as a programming port is actually a
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81 standard practice in the world of basic (non-smart) cellular phones, and
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82 furthermore, the pinout used by FIC on the GTA0x phones just happens to be
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83 exactly the same as that used by Compal/Motorola - hence the same headset jack
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84 serial cables that are used by OsmocomBB with the latter phones (the famous
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85 "T191 unlock cable") will also work for connecting from an external host
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86 directly to the Calypso part of GTA0x phones.
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87
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88 2. If you are an end user who simply wishes to reflash a different GSM firmware
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89 image, it can be done from inside the phone (from the AP) without having to
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90 acquire special hardware (as in the cable described above). However, the
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91 trade-off is that in return for saving on the special hardware, you have to
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92 do more work on the software. You will have to use a cross-compiler
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93 targeting the ARM/Linux AP environment (*not* the ARM7 cross-compiler used
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94 for the GSM firmware itself!) to build fc-loadtools to run on the GTA0x AP.
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95
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96 Building loadtools for GTA0x AP
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97 ===============================
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98
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99 If you've decided to build loadtools for the GTA0x AP, you'll need to make the
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100 following modifications to the Makefile:
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101
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102 * Change the CC= line to point to the appropriate cross-compiler (which you'll
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103 need to provide yourself);
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104
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105 * Change the CFLAGS= line: add the right options to target the ARM920T core in
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106 the GTA0x AP (e.g., -march=armv4t -mtune=arm920t), and add -DGTA0x_AP_BUILD
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107 to enable some code that makes sense only when running on the GTA0x AP.
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108
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109 * Change EXTRA_OBJ= to EXTRA_OBJ=gtapower.o, i.e., add gtapower.c (compiling
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110 into gtapower.o) to the build.
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111
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112 See gta-ap-build.sed for an example.
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113
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114 Running fc-loadtool
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115 ===================
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116
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117 Once you've got loadtools built and installed, you can run fc-loadtool
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118 as follows:
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119
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120 To operate on a Pirelli DP-L10 that appears as /dev/ttyUSB0:
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121
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122 fc-loadtool -h pirelli /dev/ttyUSB0
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123
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124 The usb2serial chip inside the phone is bus-powered and will be visible as
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125 /dev/ttyUSBx whether the phone battery is present or not. There are two ways
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126 to break into the bootloader:
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127
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128 1. Run the fc-loadtool command given above with the USB cable connected, but no
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129 battery present. Once loadtool says "Sending beacons to <port>", insert the
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130 battery.
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131
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132 2. Connect the USB cable to a powered-on phone running its original factory
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133 firmware. (If the phone was off, it will power up and boot in the "charging
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134 only" mode - it is not possible for a Calypso/Iota phone to be completely
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135 off when both the battery and the charging voltage are present.) Run
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136 fc-loadtool as above - it will start sending its beacons, which will be
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137 ignored by the running fw. Then execute the "power off" operation from the
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138 UI (unlock the keypad, then press and hold the red button). The presence of
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139 USB VBUS (used as the charging power source on this phone) will turn the
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140 power-off into a reboot, and you'll break into the bootloader.
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141
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142 To operate on the Calypso block of a GTA02, accessing it from an external
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143 PC/Linux host via a USB-to-headset-jack serial cable that appears as
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144 /dev/ttyUSB0:
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145
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146 fc-loadtool -h gta02 /dev/ttyUSB0
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147
107
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148 Run the above command first, then power on the GSM modem from the AP - or power
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149 it off, then on if it was on already. The "download" path needs to be enabled
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150 (controlled from the AP) and fc-loadtool needs to be running on the external
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151 host when the modem is powered on.
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152
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153 To operate on the Calypso block of a GTA02, running fc-loadtool from inside the
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154 phone, i.e., from the AP of the same GTA02:
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155
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156 fc-loadtool -h gta02 /dev/ttySAC0
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157
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158 In this last scenario the specially built version of fc-loadtool running on the
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159 AP takes care of manipulating the modem power to induce entry into the
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160 bootloader, thus no extra manual steps are needed.
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161
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162 See loadtool.help for a detailed description of the functionality and commands
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163 that are available once loadtool is running and communicating with loadagent on
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164 the target device.
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165
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166 Command line options
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167 ====================
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168
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169 The fc-loadtool command lines shown above will usually be sufficient. However,
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170 here is the complete command line description for all 3 tools:
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171
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172 fc-iram [options] ttyport iramimage.srec
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173 fc-xram [options] ttyport xramimage.srec [2ndprog]
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174 fc-loadtool [options] ttyport
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175
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176 The available options are common for all 3 utilities, with a few noted
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177 exceptions:
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178
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179 -a /path/to/loadagent
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180
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181 This option applies only to fc-loadtool and fc-xram. It specifies the
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182 pathname at which the required loadagent.srec image should be sought,
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183 overriding the compiled-in default.
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184
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185 -b baud
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186
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187 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It selects the baud rate
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188 to be used when pushing the IRAM image to the Calypso boot ROM. In the
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189 case of fc-iram, the selected baud rate will be in effect when the
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190 loaded IRAM image is jumped to and fc-iram drops into the serial tty
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191 pass-thru mode; in the case of fc-loadtool, it will be the initial baud
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192 rate for communicating with loadagent, which can be switched later with
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193 the baud command. The default is 115200 baud.
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194
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195 -B baud
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196
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197 This option is specific to fc-xram. It selects the baud rate to be
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198 used when pushing the XRAM image to loadagent. If no -B option is
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199 specified, fc-xram will communicate with loadagent at the same baud
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200 rate that was used to load loadagent itself via the Calypso boot ROM
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201 download protocol, i.e., the rate selected with -b, defaulting to
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202 115200 baud if no -b option was given either. Neither -b nor -B
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203 affects the baud rate that will be in effect when the loaded XRAM image
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204 is jumped to and fc-xram drops into the serial tty pass-thru mode: that
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205 baud rate independently defaults to 115200 baud and can only be changed
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206 with the -r option.
107
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207
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208 -h hwtype
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209
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210 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It selects the specific
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211 target device configuration to be used. More precisely, it constructs
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212 a pathname of the form /usr/local/share/freecalypso/%s.config, where %s
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213 is the argument given to this option, and uses that file as the hardware
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214 parameters file.
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215
228
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216 The hardware configurations known to the present release of FreeCalypso
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217 loadtools are gta02 and pirelli.
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218
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219 -H /path/to/hwparam-file
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220
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221 This option is just like -h, except that the given argument is used
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222 directly as the hardware parameter file pathname (absolute or relative)
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223 without alteration.
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224
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225 -i num
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226
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227 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It specifies the interval
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228 in milliseconds at which the tool will send "please interrupt the boot
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229 process" beacons out the serial port, hoping to catch the Calypso
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230 internal boot ROM. The default is 13 ms.
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231
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232 -n
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233
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234 This option does anything only when loadtools have been compiled to run
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235 on GTA0x AP. If you've compiled loadtools with the -DGTA0x_AP_BUILD
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236 option, it has an effect of making each tool automatically toggle the
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237 modem power control upon startup, removing the need for manual
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238 sequencing of the Calypso boot process. This -n option suppresses that
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239 action, making the AP build behave like the standard build in this
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240 regard.
228
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241
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242 -r baud
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243
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244 This option is specific to fc-xram. It selects the serial line baud
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245 rate which should be set just before the loaded XRAM image is jumped
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246 to; the default is 115200 baud.
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247
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248 fc-xram 2nd program invokation
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249 ==============================
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250
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251 The fc-xram utility can take two possible actions after it has loaded the
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252 specified S-record image into XRAM:
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253
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254 * The default action, in the absence of additional command line arguments, is
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255 to drop into a serial tty pass-thru mode, just like fc-iram.
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256
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257 * The alternative action is to invoke a 2nd program and pass the serial
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258 communication channel to it. This 2nd program invokation facility is intended
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259 primarily for passing the serial communication channel to rvinterf or rvtdump
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260 from the FreeCalypso software suite, not for launching any arbitrary 3rd-party
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261 programs from fc-xram.
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262
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263 The intended usage scenario is that one builds a version of the FreeCalypso GSM
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264 firmware (or some subset thereof, such as an "in vivo" FFS editing agent) in the
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265 ramImage configuration, fc-xram is used to load that ramImage into the target
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266 device, and then the serial communication channel (RVTMUX) is immediately taken
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267 over by rvinterf or rvtdump.
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268
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269 More detailed usage instructions will be written when the rvinterf tools reach
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270 a point of being usable by more than just the original developer; until then,
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271 read the source code.