FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-sw

annotate loadtools/README.old @ 992:a7b0b426f9ca

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target-utils: boot ROM UART autodetection revamped The new implementation should work with both the familiar Calypso C035 boot ROM version found in our regular targets as well as the older Calypso F741979B version found on the vintage D-Sample board.
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Wed, 30 Dec 2015 21:28:41 +0000
parents 1ec83a5fa8b3
children
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1 You are looking at the source for the FreeCalypso loadtools package. You may
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2 have downloaded it either as a separate package or as part of the larger
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3 freecalypso-sw suite.
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4
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5 The tools in this package are written to run on some Unix/Linux machine
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6 (normally a PC/Linux desktop or laptop) that acts as a host for operating on
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7 Calypso target devices. All of these tools communicate with the Calypso target
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8 through a serial port; each tool begins its operation by sending special byte
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9 sequences to this serial port which are designed to interrupt the Calypso
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10 device boot process in the ROM bootloader.
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11
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12 Three utilities are currently built as part of FreeCalypso loadtools:
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13
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14 fc-iram & fc-xram These utilities are intended for FreeCalypso developers
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15 only. They load an S-record code image into IRAM or
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16 XRAM, respectively, induce a transfer of control to the
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17 loaded code, and then drop into a serial line pass-thru
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18 mode for the operator to interact with the thus loaded
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19 target code.
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20
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21 fc-loadtool This utility is intended for both developers and end
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22 users. After establishing communication with the
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23 target, fc-loadtool drops into interactive operation.
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24 Once at the loadtool> prompt, you can peek and poke
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25 registers, and most importantly, dump (read) and load
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26 (program) the flash memory of the target device.
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27
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28 Loadagent
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29 =========
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30
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31 Both fc-loadtool and fc-xram work by first feeding a FreeCalypso-developed
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32 program called loadagent to the Calypso ROM bootloader; all further operations
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33 (loading code into XRAM or flash) are done via this loadagent. An S-record
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34 image of the loadagent program is required for fc-loadtool and fc-xram to work.
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35 That program is in turn built with the ARM7 toolchain.
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36
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37 If you are working with the full freecalypso-sw suite, you presumably already
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38 have the proper ARM7 toolchain built and installed. To build loadagent, simply
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39 run 'make' in the ../target-utils tree.
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40
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41 If you have downloaded a separately-packaged version of FreeCalypso loadtools,
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42 the package should have a prebuilt loadagent.srec image included, sparing
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43 non-developer users the nontrivial hurdle of having to build and install a
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44 special cross-compilation toolchain. The same loadagent binary is designed to
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45 work on all supported Calypso targets.
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46
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47 Building and installing loadtools
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48 =================================
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49
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50 Normally the machine on which you build and install fc-loadtools would be your
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51 PC/Linux desktop or laptop, the system you would use to program or otherwise
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52 interact with Calypso phones by way of appropriate USB-to-phone cables. Just
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53 like loadagent, the host utilities you are going to build and install aren't
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54 specific to a particular target device; instead you will select the target
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55 device at run time via a command line option. Hence you can build and install
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56 the host utilities (usual 'make' and 'make install') without limiting your
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57 setup to just one target phone type.
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58
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59 However, if your intended target device is an Openmoko GTA02 (or GTA01)
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60 smartphone, there is one additional complication: one cannot directly access
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61 the Calypso part of these phones from the outside without going through the
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62 phone's application processor first. If you would like to use fc-loadtool to
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63 read or write the GSM flash memory of your GTA0x (load a different firmware
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64 image, dump the flash file system for backup or examination, restore a previous
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65 backup etc), there are two ways to do it:
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66
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67 1. The recommended way for FreeCalypso developers is to get a special serial
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68 cable (low voltage, as in 3.3V or lower - *NOT* RS-232 levels - please don't
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69 fry your precious phone!) that would plug into the 2.5mm jack on the left
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70 side of the phone that is normally intended for a wired headset. This way
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71 you can use your regular build of fc-loadtool (and fc-iram & fc-xram) on
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72 your PC/Linux (or other) development host, no need to build anything for
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73 GTA0x AP, and all communication happens directly between your development
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74 host and the Calypso part of your target phone - not going through the AP
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75 at all. You still need working software on the GTA0x AP to do battery
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76 management, to power the Calypso block on and off, and to enable the headset
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77 jack "download" path, but it is much less burdensome than having to do the
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78 actual FreeCalypso work from the AP.
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79
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80 Having the headset jack do double duty as a programming port is actually a
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81 standard practice in the world of basic (non-smart) cellular phones, and
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82 furthermore, the pinout used by FIC on the GTA0x phones just happens to be
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83 exactly the same as that used by Compal/Motorola - hence the same headset jack
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84 serial cables that are used by OsmocomBB with the latter phones (the famous
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85 "T191 unlock cable") will also work for connecting from an external host
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86 directly to the Calypso part of GTA0x phones.
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87
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88 2. If you are an end user who simply wishes to reflash a different GSM firmware
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89 image, it can be done from inside the phone (from the AP) without having to
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90 acquire special hardware (as in the cable described above). However, the
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91 trade-off is that in return for saving on the special hardware, you have to
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92 do more work on the software. You will have to use a cross-compiler
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93 targeting the ARM/Linux AP environment (*not* the ARM7 cross-compiler used
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94 for the GSM firmware itself!) to build fc-loadtools to run on the GTA0x AP.
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95
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96 Building loadtools for GTA0x AP
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97 ===============================
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98
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99 If you've decided to build loadtools for the GTA0x AP, you'll need to make the
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100 following modifications to the Makefile:
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101
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102 * Change the CC= line to point to the appropriate cross-compiler (which you'll
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103 need to provide yourself);
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104
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105 * Change the CFLAGS= line: add the right options to target the ARM920T core in
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106 the GTA0x AP (e.g., -march=armv4t -mtune=arm920t), and add -DGTA0x_AP_BUILD
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107 to enable some code that makes sense only when running on the GTA0x AP.
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108
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109 * Change EXTRA_OBJ= to EXTRA_OBJ=gtapower.o, i.e., add gtapower.c (compiling
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110 into gtapower.o) to the build.
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111
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112 See gta-ap-build.sed for an example.
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113
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114 Running fc-loadtool
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115 ===================
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116
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117 Once you've got loadtools built and installed, you can run fc-loadtool
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118 as follows:
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119
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120 To operate on a Pirelli DP-L10 that appears as /dev/ttyUSB0:
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121
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122 fc-loadtool -h pirelli /dev/ttyUSB0
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123
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124 The usb2serial chip inside the phone is bus-powered and will be visible as
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125 /dev/ttyUSBx whether the phone battery is present or not. There are two ways
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126 to break into the bootloader:
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127
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128 1. Run the fc-loadtool command given above with the USB cable connected, but no
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129 battery present. Once loadtool says "Sending beacons to <port>", insert the
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130 battery.
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131
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132 2. Connect the USB cable to a powered-on phone running its original factory
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133 firmware. (If the phone was off, it will power up and boot in the "charging
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134 only" mode - it is not possible for a Calypso/Iota phone to be completely
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135 off when both the battery and the charging voltage are present.) Run
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136 fc-loadtool as above - it will start sending its beacons, which will be
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137 ignored by the running fw. Then execute the "power off" operation from the
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138 UI (unlock the keypad, then press and hold the red button). The presence of
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139 USB VBUS (used as the charging power source on this phone) will turn the
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140 power-off into a reboot, and you'll break into the bootloader.
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141
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142 To operate on the Calypso block of a GTA02, accessing it from an external
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143 PC/Linux host via a USB-to-headset-jack serial cable that appears as
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144 /dev/ttyUSB0:
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145
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146 fc-loadtool -h gta02 /dev/ttyUSB0
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147
107
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148 Run the above command first, then power on the GSM modem from the AP - or power
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149 it off, then on if it was on already. The "download" path needs to be enabled
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150 (controlled from the AP) and fc-loadtool needs to be running on the external
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151 host when the modem is powered on.
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152
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153 To operate on the Calypso block of a GTA02, running fc-loadtool from inside the
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154 phone, i.e., from the AP of the same GTA02:
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155
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156 fc-loadtool -h gta02 /dev/ttySAC0
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157
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158 In this last scenario the specially built version of fc-loadtool running on the
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159 AP takes care of manipulating the modem power to induce entry into the
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160 bootloader, thus no extra manual steps are needed.
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161
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162 See loadtool.help for a detailed description of the functionality and commands
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163 that are available once loadtool is running and communicating with loadagent on
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164 the target device.
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165
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166 Command line options
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167 ====================
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168
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169 The fc-loadtool command lines shown above will usually be sufficient. However,
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170 here is the complete command line description for all 3 tools:
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171
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172 fc-iram [options] ttyport iramimage.srec
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173 fc-xram [options] ttyport xramimage.srec [2ndprog]
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174 fc-loadtool [options] ttyport
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175
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176 The available options are common for all 3 utilities, with a few noted
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177 exceptions:
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178
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179 -a /path/to/loadagent
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180
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181 This option applies only to fc-loadtool and fc-xram. It specifies the
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182 pathname at which the required loadagent.srec image should be sought,
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183 overriding the compiled-in default.
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184
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185 -b baud
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186
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187 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It selects the baud rate
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188 to be used when pushing the IRAM image to the Calypso boot ROM. In the
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189 case of fc-iram, the selected baud rate will be in effect when the
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190 loaded IRAM image is jumped to and fc-iram drops into the serial tty
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191 pass-thru mode; in the case of fc-loadtool, it will be the initial baud
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192 rate for communicating with loadagent, which can be switched later with
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193 the baud command. The default is 115200 baud.
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194
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195 -B baud
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196
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197 This option is specific to fc-xram. It selects the baud rate to be
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198 used when pushing the XRAM image to loadagent. If no -B option is
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199 specified, fc-xram will communicate with loadagent at the same baud
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200 rate that was used to load loadagent itself via the Calypso boot ROM
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201 download protocol, i.e., the rate selected with -b, defaulting to
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202 115200 baud if no -b option was given either. Neither -b nor -B
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203 affects the baud rate that will be in effect when the loaded XRAM image
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204 is jumped to and fc-xram drops into the serial tty pass-thru mode: that
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205 baud rate independently defaults to 115200 baud and can only be changed
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206 with the -r option.
107
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207
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208 -h hwtype
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209
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210 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It selects the specific
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211 target device configuration to be used. More precisely, it constructs
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212 a pathname of the form /usr/local/share/freecalypso/%s.config, where %s
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213 is the argument given to this option, and uses that file as the hardware
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214 parameters file.
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215
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216 The hardware configurations known to the present release of FreeCalypso
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217 loadtools are gta02 and pirelli.
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218
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219 -H /path/to/hwparam-file
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220
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221 This option is just like -h, except that the given argument is used
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222 directly as the hardware parameter file pathname (absolute or relative)
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223 without alteration.
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224
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225 -i num
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226
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227 This option is common for all 3 utilities. It specifies the interval
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228 in milliseconds at which the tool will send "please interrupt the boot
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229 process" beacons out the serial port, hoping to catch the Calypso
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230 internal boot ROM. The default is 13 ms.
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231
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232 -n
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233
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234 This option does anything only when loadtools have been compiled to run
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235 on GTA0x AP. If you've compiled loadtools with the -DGTA0x_AP_BUILD
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236 option, it has an effect of making each tool automatically toggle the
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237 modem power control upon startup, removing the need for manual
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238 sequencing of the Calypso boot process. This -n option suppresses that
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239 action, making the AP build behave like the standard build in this
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240 regard.
228
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241
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242 -r baud
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243
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244 This option is specific to fc-xram. It selects the serial line baud
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245 rate which should be set just before the loaded XRAM image is jumped
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246 to; the default is 115200 baud.
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247
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248 fc-xram 2nd program invokation
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249 ==============================
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250
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251 The fc-xram utility can take two possible actions after it has loaded the
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252 specified S-record image into XRAM:
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253
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254 * The default action, in the absence of additional command line arguments, is
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255 to drop into a serial tty pass-thru mode, just like fc-iram.
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256
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257 * The alternative action is to invoke a 2nd program and pass the serial
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258 communication channel to it. This 2nd program invokation facility is intended
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259 primarily for passing the serial communication channel to rvinterf or rvtdump
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260 from the FreeCalypso software suite, not for launching any arbitrary 3rd-party
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261 programs from fc-xram.
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262
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263 The intended usage scenario is that one builds a version of the FreeCalypso GSM
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264 firmware (or some subset thereof, such as an "in vivo" FFS editing agent) in the
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265 ramImage configuration, fc-xram is used to load that ramImage into the target
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266 device, and then the serial communication channel (RVTMUX) is immediately taken
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267 over by rvinterf or rvtdump.
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268
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269 More detailed usage instructions will be written when the rvinterf tools reach
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270 a point of being usable by more than just the original developer; until then,
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271 read the source code.