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annotate doc/RVTMUX @ 690:d627c848fde3

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author Michael Spacefalcon <msokolov@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Tue, 30 Sep 2014 01:27:29 +0000
parents 14618bd924ec
children 285505f98013
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1 TI's Calypso GSM/GPRS baseband processor chip has not one but two UART serial
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2 ports, called "MODEM" and "IrDA" in the hardware documentation. In hardware
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3 terms, both support basic data-leads-only UART operation at a fixed baud rate,
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4 but their extended capabilities differ: the IrDA UART adds IrDA capability (no
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5 surprise), whereas the MODEM UART adds hardware flow control and autobaud. If
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6 one is not implementing an actual IrDA interface, then the so-called "IrDA"
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7 UART becomes a strict subset of the MODEM one in terms of hw capabilities -
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8 just an extra UART, but a somewhat less capable one.
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9
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10 In a classic modem design such as that present in the GTA0x smartphones made by
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11 FIC/Openmoko, the Calypso presents a standard AT command interface on its MODEM
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12 UART port. (In the case of GTA0x phones this serial channel is wired to the
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13 phone's application processor; in a standalone modem it would be wired to a
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14 USB-serial chip or even to a classic RS-232 DB25 port.) However, what is less
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15 known is that the standard firmware for such modems simultaneously presents an
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16 entirely different interface on the IrDA UART - an interface intended for
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17 development, debugging and factory production testing (which includes RF
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18 calibration and IMEI etc programming), rather than for "normal" end users.
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19
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20 Normally this debug/development serial interface (called RVTMUX as will be
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21 explained momentarily) is hidden from "ordinary" users - for example, on FIC
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22 GTA0x phones it is wired to the analog headset jack through a hardware switch
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23 which needs to be enabled through a GPIO signal from the AP. On Mot C139 and
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24 its siblings the situation is similar: one needs to key in the secret magic
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25 sequence **16379#, and then the firmware presents a hidden menu for switching
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26 the analog headset jack between its "normal" function and the UART carrying
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27 RVTMUX.
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28
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29 But there also exist some oddball devices on which the RVTMUX interface is
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30 presented "in your face". The Pirelli DP-L10 phone has a USB charging port
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31 which is also wired (through a CP2102 USB-serial chip) to the IrDA UART on the
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32 Calypso - that's right, IrDA, not MODEM - a design decision with which this
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33 hacker strongly disagrees. (It'll definitely be wired to the MODEM UART
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34 instead on our own semi-clone of this phone, but I digress.) Apparently Foxconn
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35 (the designers of this phone) had no desire to provide a standard AT command
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36 interface, and instead the only "official" way to use the "data" function of
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37 their USB port (rather than the charging function) is for their "PC sync"
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38 feature, i.e., their proprietary Weendoze software. And guess what, their
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39 proprietary "PC sync" feature works over TI's RVTMUX interface, as that is
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40 what's presented on Calypso's IrDA UART behind the CP2102!
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41
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42 OK, so what is this RVTMUX? RV stands for RiViera, an application framework
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43 which TI added to their GSM firmware suite in the early 2000s, T stands for
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44 trace, and MUX stands for multiplexor. It's a binary packet interface, although
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45 many of these packets contain ASCII debug messages inside. The framing format
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46 is the same in both directions: each packet begins and ends with an STX (0x02)
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47 byte, all payload bytes except 0x02 and 0x10 are sent literally, and there is a
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48 DLE (0x10) byte prepended before any 0x02 or 0x10 in the payload. It's the same
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49 general principle as asynchronous HDLC (RFC 1662): packets can contain any
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50 binary data, and the framing provides packet boundaries - although TI's version
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51 is a little less robust than async-HDLC when it comes to recovering after lost
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52 synchronization.
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53
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54 The firmware suite component responsible for actually sending and receiving
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55 these packets over the assigned UART port (usually IrDA, but can be MODEM too,
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56 as on Compal phones for example) is called RVT (RiViera Trace), and it
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57 implements a MUX function. There are several logical channels multiplexed over
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58 one physical serial port, and the first byte of every packet indicates which
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59 logical channel it belongs to. Any component within the GSM firmware suite can
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60 send packets to RVT for transmission on this serial interface, and can also
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61 register to receive packets beginning with a particular type ID byte.
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62
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63 Use in FreeCalypso
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64 ==================
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65
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66 The FreeCalypso project has adopted the same general firmware architecture as
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67 that exhibited by TI's standard firmwares from the Moko/Pirelli time frame. We
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68 use TI's RiViera framework lifted directly out of the TCS211 reference fw, and
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69 that includes the RVT module and the RVTMUX interface it presents. At the
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70 present time (early development stage, none of the actual GSM functionality has
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71 been integrated yet) this RVTMUX interface is put to the following uses in our
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72 own gsm-fw:
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73
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74 * Debug trace output from various components sent via the rvf_send_trace()
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75 function - it is the RiViera Trace output in the proper sense;
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76
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77 * The ETM module and the associated FFS access protocol described below.
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78
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79 In the existing proprietary firmwares which serve as our reference, the RVTMUX
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80 serial channel is continuously spewing very voluminous debug output. This debug
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81 output exhibits 3 different packet types: RV traces described above, and also
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82 L1 and G23 traces, each in its own format. We expect that our own gsm-fw will
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83 become just like these reference versions in this regard, once we integrate
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84 those code layers.
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85
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86 ETM and FFS access
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87 ==================
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88
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89 Another component which we have lifted out of the TCS211 reference fw is ETM,
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90 which stands for Enhanced Test Mode. This module registers its own "top level"
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91 protocol over RVTMUX, and provides a registration service of its own, such that
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92 various components in the fw suite can register to receive external command
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93 packets passing first through RVT, then through ETM, and can send responses
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94 passing through ETM, then through RVT back to the external host.
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95
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96 The ETM_CORE module contained within ETM itself provides some low-level debug
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97 commands: by sending the right binary command packets to the GSM device via the
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98 RVTMUX serial channel, an external host can examine or modify any memory
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99 location and any hardware register, cause the device to reset, etc.
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100
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101 The only other ETM-based functionality currently integrated in our gsm-fw
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102 besides ETM_CORE is TMFFS (Test Mode for FFS), which is the external access
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103 channel to the device file system - see TIFFS-Overview. The TMFFS1 and TMFFS2
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104 protocols provide a command/response packet interface to the FFS API functions
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105 inside the fw, and enable an external host connected to the GSM device via the
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106 RVTMUX channel to perform arbitrary read and write operations on the device
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107 file system.
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108
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109 TMFFS protocol versions
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110 =======================
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111
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112 TI made two different and entirely incompatible versions of the TMFFS protocol
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113 for accessing a device's FFS via RVT/ETM: TMFFS1 and TMFFS2. The fw sources
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114 available to us contain implementations of both versions, so we have the freedom
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115 to use whichever we like better for FreeCalypso. After studying the fw source
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116 implementing the two TMFFS protocols, I (Space Falcon) came to the conclusion
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117 that TMFFS2 is both more capable and more reliable; my guess is that TMFFS1 was
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118 likely kept around only because some of TI's crappy Weendoze host software
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119 depended on it. (See gsm-fw/services/ffs/tmffs.c if you would like to judge
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120 for yourself.) Thus TMFFS2 is currently the "officially adopted" version for
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121 FreeCalypso.
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122
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123 Our fc-tmsh utility (see below and ../rvinterf/README) allows a developer-
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124 operator to send TMFFS "get version" queries to a running GSM fw in both
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125 ETM_FFS1 and ETM_FFS2 formats; this capability allows us to determine
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126 experimentally which protocol (if any) is implemented by a given proprietary
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127 firmware version. Experiments reveal that Openmoko's moko11 firmware
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128 implements TMFFS1, whereas Pirelli's fw implements TMFFS2.
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129
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130 The leo2moko-r1 firmware produced by the FreeCalypso project in 2013-10
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131 implements TMFFS1, simply because that was the selected configuration in the
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132 found Leonardo source that transitional fw is based on, and that release was
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133 made before I learned RVTMUX, FFS, ETM and TMFFS properly. All future
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134 FreeCalypso firmwares will use TMFFS2, or at least that's the current plan.
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135
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136 Host utility support
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137 ====================
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138
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139 As one would naturally expect, the FreeCalypso project has developed some host
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140 tools that allow a PC running GNU/Linux (or other Unix systems) to interface to
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141 running firmwares on GSM devices via RVTMUX. See the rvinterf subtree of
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142 freecalypso-sw for the source and documentation.