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doc/Firmware_Architecture written
author Space Falcon <falcon@ivan.Harhan.ORG>
date Sun, 17 May 2015 03:45:19 +0000
parents 78c894c7c471
children e8bdd3d0c4c2
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1 What this project is about
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2 ==========================
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3
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4 You are looking at the software/firmware subproject of FreeCalypso. The goal
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5 of this subproject is to produce a fully functional firmware version for the
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6 Calypso GSM baseband chipset from Texas Instruments that is fully controlled
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7 by We the People (recompilation with a free compiler from full source code
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8 which is freely published and maintained by us, as opposed to a frozen
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9 impenetrable binary blob from some long-defunct vendor) and which we can use in
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10 two ways:
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11
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12 a) replace the original proprietary firmware of certain pre-existing phone
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13 models based on this chipset, thereby turning these historical devices into
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14 libre phones;
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15
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16 b) use as the official firmware for new phones and modems which we design and
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17 build ourselves, using the same Calypso chipset.
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18
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19 Origin of the source
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20 ====================
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21
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22 We are *not* attempting to reimplement a fully functional and practically
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23 usable GSM protocol stack from scratch in this project - such a task would be
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24 far beyond the capabilities of our very small and woefully underfunded team,
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25 and in the opinion of project leader Space Falcon, such a from-scratch
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26 reimplementation would be an egregious and morally impermissible waste of human
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27 talent. Instead, we are using the L1 and G23M protocol stack code for TI's
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28 LoCosto chipset that was included in the chipset.zip public release made by the
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29 CEO of Peek, Inc. (the Peek mobile email device company) as that company went
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30 under, and porting it from the LoCosto-based Peek platform to our Calypso target
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31 devices of interest.
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32
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33 Where we came from
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34 ==================
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36 Just because we are reusing most components from TI's original firmware releases
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37 does not mean that our project is trivial or devoid of our own original work.
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38 When we started the GSM firmware subproject in the fall of 2013 (that was when
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39 we obtained the last missing piece of required starting source material), the
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40 available TI firmware sources consisted of:
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41
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42 * A TCS211 semi-src deliverable that could be compiled into a working fw image
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43 for the GSM modem in the Neo Freerunner. While this version includes
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44 recompilable source for most of the supporting components, the actual GSM
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45 protocol stack is 100% linkable binary libraries sans source. These binary
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46 object components necessitate the use of TI's proprietary compiler tools to
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47 rebuild the fw. The build environment is set up for Windows only.
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48
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49 * The source from Peek (TCS3.2_N5.24_M18_V1.11_M23BTH_PSL1_src.zip) for TI's
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50 I-Sample board with the LoCosto chipset. Mostly real source (about 95%), but
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51 still has a few required components which exist only as linkable binary
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52 libraries sans source. The use of TI's proprietary compiler tools is still
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53 required for the same reason, and the build environment is set up to use a
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54 bunch of other Windows-only tools.
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55
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56 * The Peek Linux project (svn.peeklinux.com) replaced the Windows-based build
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57 system with a Linux-based one, but the binary-only libraries are still there,
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58 hence the compiler toolchain is still the same proprietary one from TI.
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59
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60 The above sorry state of affairs (absolute dependency on binary object code
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61 sans source, on proprietary compiler toolchains and on Windows) was very far
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62 from what we sought to accomplish (compilation from full source with gcc under
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63 GNU/Linux or other free Unix), hence we set out on a firmware reintegration
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64 project that took a year and a half.
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65
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66 What we've done
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67 ===============
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68
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69 By a process of painstaking reintegration piece by piece, we have put together
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70 our own firmware suite for the Calypso that builds into a flashable image (but
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71 doesn't work properly yet - see below) and has the following essential
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72 features/qualities/attributes:
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73
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74 * Targets Calypso rather than LoCosto. This decision is somewhat controversial,
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75 i.e., one could make a valid argument that we should have gone with LoCosto
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76 instead. But in our defense, we already have several pre-existing devices
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77 with the Calypso chipset on which we would like to run libre firmware; as for
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78 LoCosto, we don't have a hardware platform to use as a bring-up vehicle, and
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79 when we started the project, we were missing a copy of some of TI's Windows
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80 tools for LoCosto.
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81
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82 * The overall architecture of our firmware (what components are included) mimics
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83 that of TCS211 (TI's official fw for Calypso platforms for which we only have
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84 a semi-src): e.g., we use real RiViera rather than RV emulation atop GPF.
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85 In the case of RiViera, FFS and other components for which our copy of TCS211
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86 has real source, we have used that TCS211 source.
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87
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88 * L1 and all of G23M (including ACI, CCD and AIM/SAP definitions) are the
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89 version from the LoCosto source - which has an unfortunate quality of being
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90 completely untested.
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91
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92 * Configured for a feature set matching TCS211, i.e., most of the newer features
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93 appearing in TCS3.2 are *not* enabled. The GSM protocol stack is also
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94 configured for the minimal voice+SMS feature set, i.e., CSD, fax and GPRS
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95 haven't been integrated or enabled yet.
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97 * Everything builds from full source with gcc, i.e., *nothing* is used in the
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98 form of a precompiled binary object or library. Some parts of GPF, L1 and
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99 system initialization code had to be reconstructed from disassembly of TCS211
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100 binary objects, as no original or suitable substitute source could be found.
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101
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102 * The version of Nucleus we use comes from a non-TI source; all TI GSM fw
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103 sources we found have their Nucleus in binary-only libs.
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104
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105 * To reiterate: our compiler is gcc, *not* TI's proprietary TMS470!
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106
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107 Current status (2015-05)
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108 ========================
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110 We are currently using the Calypso GSM modem in the Openmoko GTA02 smartphone
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111 as our bring-up vehicle. This target has been chosen as the BUV because it is
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112 very close to TI's reference hardware platform (Leonardo) on which TI's TCS211
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113 reference firmware was designed to run. Because our own firmware, despite
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114 having been reintegrated and rebuilt by us, is still based on TI's reference
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115 design and is only slowly diverging from that origin, it makes the most sense
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116 to bring our fw up on the most "vanilla" hw platform first, and only then port
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117 to other hw targets of interest (Motorola and Pirelli phones) that exhibit
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118 noticeable differences from TI's "canon".
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119
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120 Our current gcc-built GSM firmware image runs on this gtamodem target. But it
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121 doesn't work properly yet: getting this firmware *built* was the first half of
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122 the project (took a year and a half), and now we enter the second stage:
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123 debugging problems one by one until we make it work. Right now one can flash
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124 our firmware image into a GTA02 modem and boot it; the modem running our fw
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125 will then present a working AT command interface: one can exercise trivial
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126 functions like version queries and even bring up SIM communication; one can
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127 successfully query the SIM for its IMSI and phone numbers, for example. But
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128 attempting to bring the radio interface up fails. There is also some weird
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129 interaction with a hardware power cycling issue which we still need to
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130 characterize further.
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131
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132 We are confident that we can fix whatever issues currently prevent our gcc-built
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133 firmware from working, and get it to work no worse than the original half-src,
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134 half-binary TCS211 - at least in the voice+SMS functional subset, without CSD,
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135 fax or GPRS. Once we reach that point, we will then port our FreeCalypso fw to
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136 our non-Openmoko targets of interest (Motorola C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10), and
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137 start reintegrating TI's reference UI code - our current fw is controlled by AT
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138 commands only. Then later re-add CSD, fax and GPRS.
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139
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140 We have also produced some host tools for loading firmware into Calypso GSM
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141 devices, for communicating with running firmwares over the RVTMUX interface,
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142 and for manipulating TI's flash file system. See README.hosttools for the
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143 details.
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144
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145 Source tree
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146 ===========
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147
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148 The subtrees of this source tree are as follows:
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149
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150 gsm-fw The main FreeCalypso GSM firmware work, see above.
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151
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152 target-utils This tree contains code that runs on Calypso targets, but is
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153 not regular firmware (gsm-fw) or a part thereof. The two key
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154 components built in this tree are loadagent (needed for all
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155 targets) and compalstage (for Compal phones only), which need
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156 to be installed on the user's host system in order for
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157 loadtools (see README.hosttools) to do their job.
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158
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159 ffstools Tools that run on a Unix or GNU/Linux host; see README.hosttools
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160 loadtools for the details.
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161 miscutil
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162 rvinterf
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163
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164 toolchain Scripts and patches for building the gcc+binutils toolchain
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165 targeting ARM7, the CPU core of the Calypso GSM/GPRS baseband
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166 processor. You'll need to build and install this toolchain
143
afceeeb2cba1 Our nuc-fw is destined to become gsm-fw, so I went ahead and did the big hg mv
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167 first before you can build gsm-fw or target-utils.
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168
863
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169 Website and mailing list
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170 ========================
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171
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172 Please see our website at www.freecalypso.org for information on:
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173
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174 * The overall FreeCalypso libre phone project, beyond this specific sw/fw
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175 subproject;
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176
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177 * Our community mailing list and how you can subscribe to it;
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178
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179 * How you can help the human family behind the project with donations and how
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180 you can accelerate the progress of our project by funding it.