FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools

annotate doc/Binary-file-formats @ 681:0815661d6e3e

Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision number or hash, or revset expression.
doc/Loadtools-performance: typo fix
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 09 Mar 2020 07:24:28 +0000
parents b6b8307d195b
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
676
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1 In FreeCalypso we use 3 different file formats for Calypso binary images, i.e.,
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2 code images to be loaded into either flash or RAM or retrieved flash dumps.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3 These 3 different file formats are straight binary (*.bin), moko-style m0 (*.m0)
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4 and little-endian S-records (*.srec).
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
6 Straight binary (*.bin)
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
7 =======================
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
8
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
9 Straight binary is our preferred format for flash dumps. It is written in the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
10 native little-endian byte order of the Calypso ARM7 processor, i.e., the order
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
11 of bytes in the raw binary file directly corresponds to incrementing byte
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
12 addresses as visible to the ARM7 - any ASCII strings in the image thus appear
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
13 naturally. We also use the same straight binary format in native LE byte order
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
14 for flashable code images generated with the gcc+binutils toolchain (as opposed
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
15 to TI's TMS470), generated with arm-elf-objcopy -O binary - although we don't
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
16 have too many such code images currently given that neither FC Citrine nor FC
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
17 Selenite ever achieved production quality.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
18
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
19 Another unrelated use of this straight binary format is for RAM-loadable code
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
20 images that are fed to Compal's bootloader (Motorola C1xx and Sony Ericsson
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
21 J100) as opposed to Calypso boot ROM. Our generally preferred image format for
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
22 RAM-loadable code pieces is little-endian S-records (*.srec, see below), but
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
23 for Compal's bootloader we use straight binary instead because of the way this
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
24 bootloader protocol works.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
25
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
26 moko-style m0
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
27 =============
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
28
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
29 This format is a variant of Motorola hex (S-records), a variant invented by TI
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
30 rather than by us. This format is produced by TI's hex470 tool when run with
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
31 -m -memwidth 16 -romwidth 16 options, which is the configuration used by TI in
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
32 the Calypso program, and is read by TI's flash programming tool called FLUID.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
33 TI used this format not only for flashable firmware images, but also for various
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
34 RAM-loadable code pieces, particularly those that comprise the target-side
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
35 component of FLUID.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
36
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
37 The special quirk of this S-record variant format is its peculiar byte order.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
38 TI viewed it as "16-bit hex", meaning that the image is logically viewed as
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
39 consisting of 16-bit words rather than 8-bit bytes, each S3 record carries an
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
40 even number of bytes to be loaded at an even address, and each 16-bit word
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
41 (4 hex digits) appears in these S3 records with its most-significant hex nibble
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
42 toward the left, just like the address field of each S-record. But if this
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
43 image gets interpreted by some more naive tool (for example, objcopy from GNU
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
44 binutils) as bytes rather than 16-bit words, the result will be a reversed byte
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
45 order, with all strings etc messed up.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
46
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
47 In FreeCalypso we use this moko-style m0 format (our new name for what TI called
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
48 16-bit hex) only for flashable firmware images built with TI's TMS470 toolchain
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
49 (can be our own FC Magnetite or historical ones built by Openmoko or other
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
50 similar historical vendors), but never for any RAM-loadable code pieces - we use
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
51 little-endian SREC for the latter as explained below.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
52
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
53 And what about the name? Why do we call it moko-style m0 rather than just m0?
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
54 The reason is because Compal muddied our waters by introducing their own *.m0
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
55 files that were generated with -memwidth 8 -romwidth 8 instead of -memwidth 16
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
56 -romwidth 16, producing 8-bit hex instead of 16-bit hex. We do not support
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
57 Compal's different *.m0 files at all, and we needed some name to specifically
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
58 identify TI-style m0 files rather than Compal-style. We ended up with the name
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
59 moko-style rather than TI-style because we already had our mokosrec2bin program
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
60 going back to 2013-04-15, one of the very first programs written in the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
61 FreeCalypso family of projects: our very first encounter with this file format
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
62 were mokoN firmware images put out in this *.m0 format by That Company.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
63
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
64 Little-endian S-records (*.srec)
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
65 ================================
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
66
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
67 Back at the beginning of FreeCalypso in the spring/summer of 2013 I (Mother
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
68 Mychaela) decided to use S-records instead of straight binary for our
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
69 RAM-loadable code pieces, i.e., code that is loaded into RAM either through the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
70 Calypso boot ROM (fc-iram) or by chain-loading via loadagent (fc-xram). I made
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
71 this decision based on two factors:
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
72
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
73 1) ARM code generated by common toolchains (both TI's TMS470 and gcc+binutils)
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
74 without special contortions is not position-independent: a code image that
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
75 was linked for a given address needs to be loaded at that specific address,
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
76 not some other.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
77
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
78 2) An S-record image has its load address embedded in the image itself, whereas
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
79 a raw binary naturally does not carry any such extra metadata.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
80
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
81 With SREC as the standardized hand-off format from code generation tools to
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
82 loadtools, the choice of load address is made entirely on the code generation
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
83 side; loadtools do not impose a fixed load address, nor do they require it to
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
84 be communicated via extra command line arguments or options.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
85
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
86 However, the variant of SREC we use for RAM-loadable code pieces is not the same
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
87 as moko-style m0 - the byte order is the opposite, with our RAM-loadable code
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
88 pieces using the native little-endian byte order of the ARM7 processor as the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
89 byte order within S3 records. Prior to the introduction of RAM-loadable FC
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
90 Magnetite fw images for Pirelli DP-L10 in late 2016 (and then likewise for our
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
91 own FCDEV3B), the only RAM-loadable code pieces we have had were built with
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
92 gcc+binutils, not with TMS470, and GNU binutils got a different take on the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
93 S-record format than TI did: they generate byte-oriented SREC files, with the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
94 byte order being the same as it would be in a straight binary file, matching
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
95 the target processor's memory byte addressing order. Thus GNU-style SREC has
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
96 been adopted as the format for our RAM-loadable code images for both fc-iram
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
97 and fc-xram, as opposed to TI-style SREC aka moko-style m0. The convention we
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
98 have adopted is that *.m0 filename suffix means TI-style aka moko-style,
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
99 whereas *.srec means GNU-style.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
100
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
101 Besides the S3 record byte order, there is one other difference between TI-built
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
102 *.m0 code images and GNU-built *.srec ones: the final S7 record carries the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
103 entry point address in GNU-built *.srec images, whereas TI's *.m0 images always
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
104 have a zero dummy address in there. Our fc-iram and fc-xram tools require the
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
105 real entry point address in the S7 record.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
106
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
107 How do we generate ramimage.srec RAM-loadable images for fc-xram in FC
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
108 Magnetite? Answer: FC Magnetite build system includes a special ad hoc
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
109 converter program that reads ramimage.m0 produced by TI's hex470 tool and
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
110 produces ramimage.srec: it reverses the order of bytes, adds another S3 record
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
111 that writes the boot-ROM-redirected interrupt and exception vectors and
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
112 generates an S7 record with the right entry point address.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
113
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
114 This little-endian *.srec format is actively used only for RAM-loadable code
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
115 pieces in FreeCalypso, not for anything that goes into or gets read from flash.
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
116 We do have flash dump2srec and flash program-srec commands in fc-loadtool, they
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
117 were implemented back in the founding stage of FreeCalypso in 2013 for the sake
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
118 of completeness and symmetry (it seemed right to support both binary and
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
119 S-record formats), but they never got any practical use: if you are making a
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
120 flash dump, you would normally want to examine it afterward, and any such
b6b8307d195b doc: new articles Binary-file-formats and Flash-programming
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents:
diff changeset
121 examination almost always needs a straight binary image, not S-records.