FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/User-phone-tools @ 951:297c7d5b57a2
doc/Rvinterf-logs: new document
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Wed, 07 Jun 2023 07:52:55 +0000 |
parents | a43c5dc251dc |
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1 FreeCalypso User Phone Tools are a new software addition to the FreeCalypso |
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2 family. These tools are programs that run on a Unix host computer such as a |
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3 GNU/Linux PC or laptop and communicate with a FreeCalypso phone or modem via |
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4 the standard AT command interface, rather than any of the formerly proprietary |
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5 interfaces specific to TI's internal architecture. The following tools are |
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6 currently available: |
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7 |
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8 fcup-at Issues an arbitrary AT command given on the command line. |
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9 |
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10 fcup-settime Issues AT+CCLK command to the target to set its clock to the |
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11 host computer's notion of local time. |
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12 |
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13 fcup-smdump Retrieves a dump of SMS records (received, sent or stored |
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14 messages) from the FC device's SMS storage (currently SIM |
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15 storage; ME storage may be implemented in the future), |
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16 optionally deleting them from the severely space-limited |
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17 SIM/ME storage afterward. |
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18 |
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19 fcup-smsend* Tools for sending outgoing SMS from a host computer through a |
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20 FreeCalypso phone or modem and/or writing such outgoing SMS |
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21 into the FC device's SMS storage. |
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22 |
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23 fcup-smwrite Debug and development tool: writes arbitrary message records |
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24 into the FC device's SMS storage (currently SIM storage) in any |
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25 of the possible 4 states, with arbitrary incoming or outgoing |
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26 SMS PDU content. |
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27 |
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28 Because these tools communicate with the target via standards-defined AT |
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29 commands, in theory they ought to work with any AT-command-speaking 3GPP phone |
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30 or modem and not just our own FreeCalypso. However, experience has shown that |
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31 in the case of the common proprietary implementations, practice does not match |
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32 theory: when I (Mychaela) tried these same AT commands against a random |
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33 off-the-shelf proprietary modem (Huawei E303 USB stick modem for 3G), the |
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34 following problems were seen: |
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35 |
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36 * The essential AT+CMGL=4 command for retrieving the full set of SMS records |
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37 from SIM storage in PDU mode appears to be broken: all I got was a hang. |
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38 Its text mode counterpart AT+CMGL="ALL" produces incomplete output. |
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39 |
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40 * Qualcomm/Huawei's implementation of the AT command interface does not allow |
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41 AT+CSCS to be set to "HEX"; our fcup-smdump implementation uses this setting |
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42 so that the phonebook names returned along with SMS PDUs in the +CMGL |
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43 responses can be parsed reliably no matter what weird characters they might |
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44 contain. |
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45 |
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46 * Setting AT+CSCS to "8859-1" is not supported either; this setting is used by |
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47 our fcup-smsend and fcup-smsendmult tools when sending in text mode. |
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48 |
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49 * Sending outgoing SMS with fcup-smsend in PDU mode (which does not touch |
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50 AT+CSCS) works in that the message goes out, but the tool complains afterward |
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51 because the echo after the ^Z is different from what our tools expect. |
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52 |
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53 Because of these quirks, our FC User Phone Tools officially work only with our |
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54 own FreeCalypso phones and modems, and are not expected to work against various |
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55 proprietary implementations. Let us not forget that the broken and buggy nature |
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56 of the common proprietary implementations is the very reason why we need |
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57 FreeCalypso in the first place. |
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58 |
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59 Target interface options |
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60 ======================== |
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61 |
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62 Our fcup-* tools can communicate with the AT-command-speaking target in one of |
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63 two ways: |
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64 |
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65 * The default is the standard AT command interface over a dedicated UART. As |
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66 of this writing, the only FreeCalypso device that provides a full-featured AT |
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67 command interface of this kind is our FCDEV3B modem, but the ultimate goal of |
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68 the project is to build our own end user phone handset (a Libre Dumbphone) |
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69 that will also provide a full-featured AT command interface on its USB port |
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70 via a built-in CP2102 or FT232R chip. |
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71 |
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72 * As a dirty hack, one can run FreeCalypso GSM fw on some alien hw targets, |
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73 currently Motorola C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10. In this hacked-up configuration |
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74 there is no dedicated UART available for a standard AT command interface, but |
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75 there is a hack that allows a limited subset of AT commands to be passed over |
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76 the RVTMUX binary packet interface provided by the running FreeCalypso GSM fw. |
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77 Our fcup-* tools can work with this alternate target interface option and |
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78 thereby support these crippled targets. |
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79 |
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80 The AT-over-RVTMUX mechanism was originally invented back in 2015 as a |
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81 development aid, and was never intended for production use or to support any |
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82 kind of end user functionality. One of the limitations of its original |
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83 incarnation was that the strings that are sent to ATI via this interface were |
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84 limited to 254 characters, whereas sending or writing SMS in hex format |
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85 requires longer strings. As of early 2019, this limitation has been lifted: |
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86 our Magnetite and Selenite firmwares from 20190109 onward support an extended |
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87 version of our AT-over-RVTMUX hack that allows longer strings to be sent in |
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88 pieces, and the present version of our FC User Phone Tools suite will send the |
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89 strings it generates via this extended mechanism whenever they exceed the old |
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90 254 character limit. The new mechanism works correctly starting with the |
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91 20190128 firmware release for modem products and the 20190129 fw release for |
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92 Mot C1xx phones, thus when the present version of FC User Phone Tools is used |
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93 to communicate with our current firmwares, both target interface options provide |
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94 equivalent functionality on all supported targets. |
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95 |
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96 All fcup-* tools take the following common command line options for selecting |
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97 the AT command target interface: |
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98 |
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99 -B baud Valid only when -p is also given; selects a different baud rate |
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100 than the default 115200 bps. |
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101 |
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102 -n Dry run debug mode with no target interface at all: the AT |
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103 commands which would otherwise be sent to the target are simply |
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104 printed on stdout. |
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105 |
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106 -p ttyport Names the serial port to be used to talk to the target. |
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107 |
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108 -R Use the AT-over-RVTMUX interface instead of the standard AT |
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109 command interface over a dedicated UART. |
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110 |
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111 -X program Use the specified external program as the AT target |
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112 communication back-end; read the source code for the details. |
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113 |
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114 -R and -p options interact as follows: |
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115 |
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116 Neither -R The standard dedicated AT command interface is used; |
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117 nor -p FC_GSM_DEVICE= environment variable needs to be set |
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118 to point to the serial port. |
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119 |
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120 -p only The standard dedicated AT command interface is used; |
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121 the serial port is named with the -p option. |
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122 |
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123 -R only AT-over-RVTMUX interface is used; the fcup-* tool connects |
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124 to an already running rvinterf process. |
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125 |
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126 -R and -p AT-over-RVTMUX interface is used; a new rvinterf process |
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127 is launched to talk RVTMUX on the specified serial port. |
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128 |
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129 Retrieving and decoding stored SMS |
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130 ================================== |
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131 |
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132 As of this writing, our current FreeCalypso GSM firmware supports only SIM |
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133 storage for SMS, i.e., there is no working mechanism currently for storing SMS |
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134 records (received and sent messages) in the phone's or modem's own flash file |
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135 system. The capacity of this SIM SMS storage is determined by the SIM issuer, |
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136 but it is typically quite limited, on the order of 20 to 30 messages. |
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137 |
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138 The model adopted for FreeCalypso is that incoming (and possibly saved outgoing) |
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139 messages initially accumulate in the SIM storage as they come in, and then the |
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140 user periodically transfers them to her larger host computer, simultaneously |
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141 deleting them from the SIM storage to reclaim the limited space. The retrieval |
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142 of stored SMS from FreeCalypso GSM devices is accomplished with our fcup-smdump |
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143 utility; like all SMS operations with the current tools+firmware combination, |
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144 this operation works exactly the same whether the FC GSM device offers a full- |
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145 featured AT command interface or only AT over RVTMUX. SMS retrieval is always |
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146 done in PDU mode, and the output from fcup-smdump contains raw SMS PDUs in the |
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147 form of long hex strings. A separate utility called sms-pdu-decode then does |
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148 what its name says. |
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149 |
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150 The intended mode of usage is something like this: |
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151 |
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152 fcup-smdump -d >> long-term-sms-log |
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153 |
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154 The -d option to fcup-smdump tells it to delete the retrieved messages from the |
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155 SIM or future ME storage; this option should only be used when the output is |
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156 redirected into some kind of longer-term storage. In the above model the file |
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157 named long-term-sms-log becomes what its name says as new messages retrieved |
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158 from the FC GSM device get added to it; the format will look like this: |
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159 |
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160 Received message: |
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161 XXXXXX... |
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162 |
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163 Received message: |
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164 XXXXXX... |
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165 |
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166 Sent message: |
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167 XXXXXX... |
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168 |
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169 Stored unsent message: |
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170 XXXXXX... |
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171 |
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172 Received message: |
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173 XXXXXX... |
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174 |
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175 Each of the "XXXXXX..." lines will be a long hex string giving an SMS PDU. The |
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176 idea is that the complete record of all received and sent messages should be |
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177 stored on the user's big computer in raw PDU form, rather than decoded, and the |
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178 decoding utility sms-pdu-decode should be invoked by the user (with the message |
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179 log file as input) as needed for reading these messages. |
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180 |
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181 The message decoding utility sms-pdu-decode does its best to decode and show |
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182 everything without dropping any bits: in addition to the actual decoded message |
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183 characters and the From/To address (the "end user" content of the message), it |
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184 decodes and shows the SC address, the first octet, the MR octet for outgoing |
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185 messages, PID and DCS octets, the SC timestamp or the validity period fields, |
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186 and the UDH bytes if present. However, some bits can still be lost in the |
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187 decoding, which is why it is important to archive messages in the raw PDU form: |
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188 |
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189 * Padding bits used to round the From/To address and septet-based user data to |
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190 an octet boundary and to round any UDH to a septet boundary are not decoded. |
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191 |
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192 * If the user data portion of the message is 8-bit or compressed data (per the |
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193 DCS octet), it is shown as a raw hex dump, which is lossless, but if it is |
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194 GSM7 or UCS-2 text (GSM 03.38 character encodings), the characters are |
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195 converted to the user's character set (plain ASCII only by default) for |
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196 display, and some characters may not be displayable. |
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197 |
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198 Character sets and encodings |
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199 ---------------------------- |
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200 |
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201 By default, sms-pdu-decode only emits 7-bit ASCII characters in its output; any |
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202 GSM7 or UCS-2 characters which fall outside of this plain ASCII repertoire are |
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203 converted into backslash escapes. This conservative default behaviour can be |
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204 modified as follows: |
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205 |
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206 -e option extends the potential output character repertoire from 7-bit ASCII to |
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207 8-bit ISO 8859-1. Any 8859-1 high characters are emitted as single bytes, |
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208 i.e., are NOT encoded in UTF-8 - this option is intended for non-UTF-8 |
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209 environments. |
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210 |
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211 -u option extends the potential output character repertoire to all of Unicode, |
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212 and changes the output encoding to UTF-8. |
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213 |
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214 Regardless of whether the source message character set is GSM7 or UCS-2 and |
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215 irrespective of -e or -u options, any backslash characters are always escaped |
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216 as \\, and any CR characters are represented as \r. Additional backslash |
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217 escape encodings depend on the source message character set: |
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218 |
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219 * If the source message character set is GSM7, the following additional |
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220 backslash escapes can be emitted: |
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221 |
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222 - In the absence of -u option, the Euro currency symbol is converted to \E; |
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223 |
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224 - Any GSM7 escape characters (0x1B) that aren't part of a valid escape |
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225 sequence for [\]^ or {|}~ or \E are represented as \e; |
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226 |
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227 - Any GSM7 characters that either can't be represented in the output character |
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228 set (ASCII or ISO 8859-1) or are outright invalid per GSM 03.38 are |
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229 represented as \xX, where xX is the original GSM7 code point in 2-digit |
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230 hexadecimal form between 00 and 7F; |
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231 |
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232 - Invalid GSM7 escape sequences are emitted as \e\xX. |
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233 |
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234 * If the source message character set is UCS-2, the following additional |
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235 backslash escapes can be emitted: |
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236 |
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237 - Invalid UCS-2 characters falling onto control character code points are |
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238 emitted as \u00XX; |
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239 |
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240 - UCS-2 characters that can't be represented in ASCII or ISO 8859-1 (when |
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241 running without -u option) are emitted as \uXXXX; |
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242 |
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243 - If UTF-16 surrogate pairs are detected in the input, the encoded high-plane |
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244 Unicode character is reconstructed and emitted as \UXXXXXX in the absence |
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245 of -u option, or as the appropriate UTF-8 byte sequence with -u. |
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246 |
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247 -h option causes the user data portion of every message to be displayed as a |
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248 raw hex dump; in the case of GSM7-encoded messages, this hex dump shows the |
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249 unpacked septets. |
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250 |
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251 Composing and sending outgoing SMS |
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252 ================================== |
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253 |
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254 When used in the default PDU mode (which now works on all targets with our |
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255 current firmware and tools), the primary SMS sending/writing tool fcup-smsend |
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256 offers the following capabilities: |
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257 |
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258 * Sending outgoing messages in either GSM7 or UCS-2 encoding; |
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259 * Sending either single or long (concatenated) SMS; |
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260 * Message body input in ASCII, ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8; |
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261 * Message body input either on the command line or on stdin; |
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262 * Any messages sent through this tool (single or concatenated) may be |
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263 multiline, i.e., may contain embedded newlines; |
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264 * Messages sent in GSM7 encoding can contain ASCII characters [\]^ and {|}~ |
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265 - the tool is smart enough to do the necessary escape encoding. |
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266 |
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267 The default and preferred AT command interface mode for sending/writing SMS is |
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268 PDU mode, which works great when the GSM device provides a proper AT command |
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269 interface. However, when a message of maximum or near-maximum length is being |
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270 submitted to the modem in PDU mode, the hex string that needs to be sent is |
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271 quite long, and at the time when our FC User Phone Tools were first designed |
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272 and written, our AT-over-RVTMUX mechanism could not handle such long strings. |
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273 Because we sought to have at least limited SMS sending and writing support for |
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274 crippled Motorola and Pirelli targets, we also implemented text mode support in |
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275 fcup-smsend and fcup-smsendmult, enabled with the -t option. In this text (-t) |
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276 mode the following restrictions apply: |
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277 |
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278 * Only single SMS can be sent, not concatenated; |
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279 * Only GSM7-encoded messages can be sent, not UCS-2; |
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280 * No multiline messages can be sent, i.e., no newlines in the message body; |
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281 * ASCII characters [\]^ and {|}~ won't be sent correctly - GSM 07.05 text mode |
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282 drops them. |
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283 |
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284 Now that we have extended our AT-over-RVTMUX mechanism to support longer strings |
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285 and gained full support for PDU mode on all targets, the above -t mode is no |
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286 longer necessary for any use case, as the default PDU mode is a proper superset |
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287 in functionality. However, support for this -t mode has been retained, as |
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288 removing software functionality for no good reason is not the way of FOSS. |
388
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289 |
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290 The invokation syntax is as follows: |
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291 |
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292 fcup-smsend [options] dest-addr [message] |
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293 |
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294 The destination address must be given on the command line; the address digits |
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295 may be optionally followed by a comma and an address type byte, either decimal |
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296 or hexadecimal with 0x prefix. The default address type is 0x91 if the number |
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297 begins with a '+' or 0x81 otherwise. If the message body is given on the |
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298 command line, it must be given as a single argument; if no message body argument |
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299 is given, the message body will be read from stdin. Any trailing newlines are |
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300 stripped before SMS encoding. |
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301 |
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302 The following options are supported, in addition to the common target interface |
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303 options listed earlier: |
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304 |
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305 -c Enables concatenated SMS. Concatenated SMS will be sent only |
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306 if the message body exceeds 160 GSM7 or 70 UCS-2 characters, |
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307 otherwise plain SMS will be sent whether -c is given or not - |
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308 but the -c option enables the possibility of sending |
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309 concatenated SMS. |
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310 |
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311 -C refno Enables concatenated SMS like -c, but also explicitly sets the |
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312 concatenated SMS reference number to be used. The number can |
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313 be either decimal or hexadecimal with 0x prefix. |
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314 |
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315 -q Concatenated SMS quiet mode. If -c is given without -q, the |
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316 tool prints a message on stdout indicating whether the message |
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317 was sent as single or concatenated, and in how many parts. |
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318 -q suppresses this additional output. |
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319 |
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320 -t Use text mode instead of PDU mode on the AT command interface. |
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321 This option is incompatible with -c and with -U, and introduces |
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322 other restrictions listed above. |
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323 |
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324 -u By default, if the message body input contains any 8-bit |
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325 characters, they are interpreted as ISO 8859-1. With -u they |
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326 are interpreted as UTF-8 instead. This option is only relevant |
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327 for GSM7 output encoding, and it is implemented by converting |
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328 the input first from UTF-8 to 8859-1, and then from 8859-1 to |
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329 GSM7 - thus all UTF-8 input characters must fall into the |
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330 8859-1 repertoire, and it is not currently possible to send |
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331 GSM7-encoded messages containing the few Greek letters or the |
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332 Euro currency symbol allowed by GSM 03.38 encoding. |
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333 |
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334 -U Send message in UCS-2 encoding instead of GSM7. Any 8-bit |
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335 characters in the message body input are interpreted as UTF-8, |
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336 and the entire Basic Multilingual Plane of Unicode is allowed. |
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337 |
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338 -w By default the outgoing message is sent out on the GSM network |
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339 with the AT+CMGS command. With this -w option, the message is |
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340 first written into SIM or future ME SMS storage with AT+CMGW, |
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341 then sent out on the GSM network with AT+CMSS. |
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342 |
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343 -W Write only, not send: the message is written into storage with |
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344 AT+CMGW and no further action is taken. The modem's +CMGW: |
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345 responses with message storage indices are forwarded to stdout. |
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346 With this option the destination address argument can be a null |
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347 string or omitted altogether. |
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348 |
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349 Concatenated SMS reference numbers |
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350 ---------------------------------- |
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351 |
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352 Every concatenated SMS transmission needs a reference number, and this number |
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353 needs to increment from one concatenated SMS to the next, to help message |
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354 recipients sort out which is which. If the reference number is not given |
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355 explicitly with -C, fcup-smsend creates (opens with O_RDWR|O_CREAT) a file |
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356 named .concat_sms_refno in the invoking user's $HOME directory; automatically |
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357 incrementing reference numbers are maintained in this file. The initial seed |
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358 is an XOR of all bytes of the current time returned by gettimeofday(2), |
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359 followed by simple linear incrementing; these reference numbers do not need to |
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360 be random in any kind of cryptographically secure sense. |
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361 |
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362 fcup-smsendmult |
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363 =============== |
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364 |
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365 As an alternative to sending concatenated SMS, one can use the fcup-smsendmult |
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366 utility to send several single (no UDH) messages in one batch. This utlity |
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367 supports both text and PDU modes (PDU mode is still the preferred default when |
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368 it can be used), and when PDU mode is used, it supports both GSM7 and UCS-2 |
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369 output encodings just like fcup-smsend. The messages to be sent are read from |
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370 stdin, and each input line produces a new message. |
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371 |
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372 The entire batch of messages can be sent to a single recipient, or each message |
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373 in the batch can have its own individual destination address. If the |
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374 destination address is given on the command line, each input line read from |
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375 stdin is just a message body; if no destination address is given on the command |
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376 line, each input line must have the following format: |
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377 |
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378 <dest addr><white space><message body> |
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379 |
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380 -t, -u, -U, -w and -W command line options are unchanged from fcup-smsend. |
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381 |
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382 This fcup-smsendmult method of sending batched SMS was originally envisioned as |
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383 an alternative to concatenated SMS for crippled hw targets that couldn't support |
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384 sending SMS in PDU mode, but that limitation has now been lifted. Because we |
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385 do not remove already-implemented functionality for no good reason, the tool |
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386 currently remains in search of new potential use cases. |
388
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387 |
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388 fcup-smsendpdu |
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389 ============== |
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390 |
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391 This utility sends out SMS PDUs that have been prepared externally; it only |
450
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392 works in PDU mode - originally it was limited to high-end FreeCalypso hardware |
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393 with a full AT command interface, but now we've got PDU mode working on all |
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394 targets. The PDUs to be sent out are read from stdin, one long hex string PDU |
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395 per line; one can send either a single message or a batch. Because the |
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396 destination address and all content details are encoded in the PDU, the tool |
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397 does not care if the messages are going to the same recipient or to different |
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398 recipients, nor does it care if they constitute a concatenated SMS transmission |
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399 or not. -w and -W options work the same way as in fcup-smsend and |
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400 fcup-smsendmult. |
388
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401 |
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402 fcup-smwrite |
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403 ============ |
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404 |
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405 This utility is a debug and development tool; it differs from fcup-smsendpdu in |
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406 the following ways: |
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407 |
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408 * fcup-smsendpdu can send messages out with AT+CMGS, write them into memory |
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409 with AT+CMGW, or do a write-then-send sequence (-w option) with AT+CMGW |
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410 followed by AT+CMSS. fcup-smwrite only issues AT+CMGW commands. |
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411 |
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412 * fcup-smwrite passes a second argument to AT+CMGW that sets the message state |
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413 to any of the possible 4 values; fcup-smsend* -W put them in the "stored |
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414 unsent" state. |
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415 |
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416 * The input to fcup-smsendpdu is just PDU hex strings; the input to |
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417 fcup-smwrite needs to have the same format as fcup-smdump output in order to |
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418 indicate what state each message should be written in. |