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document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 02 Jan 2023 00:50:19 +0000
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3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 Flash file system in Sony Ericsson K200/220 phones
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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2 ==================================================
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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3
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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4 SE K200/220 phones are based on our familiar Calypso chipset, their firmware is
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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5 based on the standard chipset reference fw from TI, and they use TIFFS as their
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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6 flexible data storage mechanism. Their TIFFS instance is located in the first
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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7 3328 KiB of the 2nd flash bank; the geometry is 256x13 or 64x52 depending on
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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8 which flash chip was used in each given phone. (Some specimen have Spansion
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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9 S71PL129NB0 chips with 256 KiB flash sectors, others feature Samsung K5L2931CAM
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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10 chips with 64 KiB flash sectors.)
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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11
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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12 Calibration data and self-regenerating ability
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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13 ==============================================
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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14
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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15 SE's FFS life cycle design on these phones is interesting in that vital per-unit
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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16 calibration data (RF, AFC and MADC calibrations) are stored in two places:
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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17 (1) in the FFS in TI's standard format and locations, and (2) in a dedicated
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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18 flash sector outside of FFS that appears to be written once at the factory and
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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19 never touched afterward.
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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20
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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21 SE's firmware design allows the FFS to be fully erased without breaking the
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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22 phone: whenever the fw boots in a state where the FFS area of the flash is fully
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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23 erased (you can of course erase those FFS sectors with fc-loadtool, but it
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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24 appears that some official tools also provide the same operation) but the
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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25 separate factory calibration data sector is valid, the firmware formats and
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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26 initializes a new FFS, and furthermore copies all essential calibration records
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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27 from SE's proprietary sector structure into their standard TIFFS locations!
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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28
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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29 But it gets even more interesting - when we examine FFS images read out of
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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30 various SE K2x0 specimen, we see two different occurrences:
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31
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32 1) In some specimen the FFS content is exactly the same as what we would get by
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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33 erasing the FFS with fc-loadtool and letting the firmware regenerate a fresh
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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34 one on its next boot. We can thus reasonably assume that the FFS in these
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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35 specimen is indeed the product of such intervention at some point in the
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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36 phone's history.
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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37
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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38 2) In other specimen we see some additional files beyond those that exist with
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39 the life cycle of the previous paragraph. One readily noticeable addition
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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40 is the presence of /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files, which are absent in the self-
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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41 regenerated FFS where the phone's fw copied calibration records from SE's
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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42 dedicated calibration data sector. How are these Tx ramp tables different
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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43 from all other RF calibration records? Answer: in the present SE K2x0
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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44 design, and also in all other Calypso phone and modem designs known to this
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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45 Mother, Tx ramps are calibrated per design and not per unit. Because the
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46 correct Tx ramp tables are compiled into the firmware, having them in FFS is
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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47 redundant.
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48
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49 Based on the above evidence, I (Mother Mychaela) hereby make the following
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50 reconstruction of how these two kinds of FFS found in the wild likely came into
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51 being:
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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52
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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53 * In the case of Compal (Mot C1xx and SE J100) and Pirelli DP-L10 we know by
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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54 simple deductive reasoning that those firmwares must have had their l1_cust.c
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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55 code modified to read calibration records from their respective proprietary
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56 flash data structures instead of TI's original FFS files. However, in the
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57 case of SE K2x0 it is plausible that their l1_cust.c did NOT have to be
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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58 likewise modified - they could plausibly still have TI's original l1_cust.c
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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59 code that reads RF tables from FFS on initialization and writes them back
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60 into FFS upon those special MISC_ENABLE commands that are issued at the end
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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61 of TI's original calibration procedures.
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62
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63 * If my hypothesis above is correct, then it follows that when SE or their ODM
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64 did their factory production line calibration, the results were initially
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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65 written into FFS and not into SE's separate factory calibration data sector.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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66 If they are using unmodified l1_cust.c code from TI, then the presence of
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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67 redundant /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files is explained - TI's standard calibration
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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68 procedure results in these files being written into FFS because the canonical
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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69 l1_cust.c code classifies them as "Tx calibration" rather than "Tx config" -
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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70 see our RF_tables article.
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71
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72 * In a separate step after all standard calibration procedures, they must have
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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73 copied all important calibration records into their non-standard flash sector
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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74 at 0x01FD0000, specifically to produce a more durable copy that can persist
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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75 through full erasure of FFS. Tx ramp tables were not included because they
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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76 are relatively large and redundant, not actually calibrated per unit.
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77
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78 * Those SE K2x0 specimen whose FFS contains /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files and some
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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79 other files that aren't found in auto-regenerated FFS probably exhibit the
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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80 original FFS from the factory production line that was never subjected to
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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81 being blown away and regenerated!
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82
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83 SE's non-standard extension to TIFFS
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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84 ====================================
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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85
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86 There is one aspect of SE K2x0 FFS that creates a pain point for our tools:
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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87 they made their own non-standard extension to TIFFS in terms of extended UCS-2
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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88 filenames, and given our natural desire to be able to use our tiffs tool (TIFFS
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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89 IVA) to examine FFS images from these SE phones, we had to extend our tool so
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90 that it parses SE's extension instead of throwing up errors like it did before.
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91
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92 As explained in our TIFFS-Overview article, classic TIFFS requires every
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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93 elementary filename to consist of printable ASCII characters from the sensibly
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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94 narrow set of [A-Za-z0-9_.,+%$#-], further limited to a maximum of 20
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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95 characters. However, SE K2x0 FFS images often contain some files that violate
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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96 this constraint; deeper examination reveals that SE (or their ODM) devised a
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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97 feature to allow filenames composed of UCS-2 characters, implemented as follows:
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98
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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99 * The first "character" of the filename written into TIFFS is \x02, i.e., NOT a
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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100 printable ASCII character;
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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101
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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102 * The next "character" in the TIFFS object name is another binary byte encoding
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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103 the length of the UCS-2 string: for example, if the "high-level" name consists
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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104 of 6 UCS-2 characters, this second TIFFS object name "character" is \x06;
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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105
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106 * These two non-printable-ASCII chars are followed by a long string of [0-9A-F]
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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107 ASCII characters, encoding the "high-level" UCS-2 name in hex;
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108
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109 * The whole arrangement ends with a terminating NUL, allowing the rest of TIFFS
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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110 to work unchanged.
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111
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112 Seen from TIFFS perspective, these extended filenames created by SE K2x0 fw
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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113 violate traditional canon in two ways:
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114
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115 1) The overall length of the mostly-hex-encoded filename string usually exceeds
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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116 the traditional 20 character limit;
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117
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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118 2) The set of allowed characters is grossly violated: not an innocuous extension
3152e23399a2 document SE K2x0 FFS quirks and our support for them
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119 of allowing some additional "sane" characters, but non-printable-ASCII binary
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120 chars that are barely compatible with C string functions by virtue of not
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121 containing zero bytes.
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122
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123 Please see the new section titled "Support for SE K2x0 extended filenames" in
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124 our TIFFS-IVA-usage article for the explanation of how we handle these extended
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125 filenames in our TIFFS IVA tool.
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126
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127 fc-fsio considerations
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128 ======================
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129
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130 In addition to "in vitro" analysis with our tiffs tool, SE K2x0 FFS can also be
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131 accessed "in vivo" with fc-fsio in the following two scenarios:
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132
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133 1) SE K2x0 firmware does not have RVTMUX enabled by default, but they have
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134 non-volatile flags in their FFS (which can be set via a hidden menu entered
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135 via secret MMI code #*87223564#) that enable RVTMUX on the MODEM UART that
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136 is brought out, and their RVTMUX includes ETM and TMFFS2 protocols.
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137
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138 2) We can run TI's original FFS code against SE K2x0 FFS bodies by adding the
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139 necessary configuration to our fc-xram based FFS editor tool described in
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140 our TIFFS-Overview article.
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141
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142 The expected behaviour in scenario 2 can be predicted statically by studying
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143 the code, whereas scenario 1 calls for experimentation. Experiments with
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144 RVTMUX-enabled SE K2x0 original fw reveal that it does behave (at least as far
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145 as visible behaviour over TMFFS2) exactly like TI's original FFS code in terms
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146 of readdir output when listing directories with extended filenames in them: as
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147 long as they fit into TMFFS2 string buffer, these extended filenames are
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148 returned just as one would naively expect.
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149
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150 In light of these observations, fc-fsio has also been patched up to behave
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151 gracefully when faced with such previously unexpected readdir results from the
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152 target. Specifically:
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153
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154 * The short form of 'ls' command will print whatever the target firmware
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155 returns, including extended filenames; any non-printable-ASCII characters are
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156 escaped in \x hex form.
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157
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158 * 'ls -l' or 'll' will throw up an error if one attempts to list a directory
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159 that contains one or more extended filenames, caught either at the level of
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160 the readdir result not fitting into the buffer sized for standard TIFFS
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161 filenames or (for SE K2x0 extended filenames of 4 or fewer UCS-2 characters)
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162 at the level of this readdir result containing non-printable-ASCII chars.
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163
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164 Finally, the following limitations need to be kept in mind:
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165
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166 * There is no way to address an FFS object with an extended filename by entering
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167 a pathname in fc-fsio commands;
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168
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169 * File systems or subtrees containing extended filenames cannot be read out with
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170 fc-fsio cpout command: it will fail just like ls -l;
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171
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172 * rm-subtree and cleandir commands will likewise fail and stop whenever they
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173 encounter a filename longer than 20 characters (invalid for the purpose of
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174 pathname generation based on fixed-length buffers) anywhere in the subtree to
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175 be deleted.
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176
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177 The last limitation (inability to delete "bad" files) may seem like a serious
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178 flaw in the design of fc-fsio at first, but please realize that the primary
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179 mission of FreeCalypso is to work with our own hardware and firmware, not alien
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180 - and the original FFS code from TI, which is what we use in FreeCalypso, will
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181 never allow file system objects with such bad filenames to be created in the
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182 first place. Therefore, the limitation of fc-fsio being unable to manipulate
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183 certain files to the extent of not even being able to delete them is specific
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184 to the peculiar scenario of operating on *alien* FFS from Sony Ericsson.