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doc/How-flash-really-works: article written
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sat, 09 Dec 2023 09:08:19 +0000
parents b0b6966fa62e
children
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1 There is a new feature in loadtools (fc-loadtool & friends) and rvinterf as of
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2 fc-host-tools-r12, actually functional as of fc-host-tools-r14: target boot
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3 control. In a typical development environment where FC host tools run on a
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4 general-purpose PC or laptop and communicate with various Calypso targets via
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5 general-purpose serial or USB-serial ports, adapters and cables, there is
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6 generally no way for the host computer running FC host tools to directly command
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7 the Calypso target to power on and/or reboot - instead such control must be
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8 performed "out of band" by the operator pressing the PWON or RESET button on
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9 the target device; some targets may even require complex battery manipulations.
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10 However, there may be more elaborate (less casual) setups where FC host tools
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11 run on a special kind of host system which does have some means to directly
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12 control power and reset to an associated Calypso target:
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13
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14 * Our new FreeCalypso DUART28 adapter available as of 2020-09 has an optional
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15 provision (requires additional wire connections and a custom patch to Linux
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16 kernel ftdi_sio driver) for controlling Calypso target board PWON and RESET
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17 with otherwise unused secondary channel RTS and DTR outputs - see the new
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18 DUART28-boot-control article for the details.
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19
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20 * The Mother has a plan to produce another custom FT2232D-based adapter called
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21 FC-UJA, standing for FreeCalypso UART+JTAG Adapter. This FC-UJA will be a
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22 special FT2232D adapter whose Channel A will operate in MPSSE mode, connecting
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23 to the Calypso target's JTAG and nTESTRESET signals, whereas Channel B will
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24 act as a standard UART, i.e., a ttyUSB device. This FC-UJA needs to be built
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25 as a prerequisite before embarking on the ambitious HSMBP (Handset Motherboard
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26 Prototype) project, as the special adapter will be required for working with
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27 the HSMBP in development. When FC-UJA becomes a reality, FC host tools
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28 running on a development host with this adapter will need to be given the
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29 ability to issue nTESTRESET pulses to the target through the adapter's
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30 MPSSE+GPIO channel; this nTESTRESET pulse will cause the Calypso target to
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31 deep-reset, power on and boot.
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32
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33 * FC host tools (particularly fc-loadtool) may run on the application processor
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34 of a smartphone such as Openmoko GTA02. In such environments the AP will have
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35 special ad hoc control signals (typically GPIOs) to the modem, at the minimum
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36 controlling the modem's PWON line. OM GTA02 added an overriding control of
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37 overall power to the modem; other designs may reasonably add control of the
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38 modem's RESET line.
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39
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40 * There may be special commercial applications in which one or more Calypso
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41 modems are subservient to a control processor that acts similarly to the AP
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42 of a smartphone, with that control processor not only communicating with its
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43 slave modems via UARTs, but also controlling their power and reset.
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44
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45 Where does the desire for target boot control in loadtools and rvinterf come
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46 from? Consider the conventional usage model where no target boot control
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47 exists: you first run fc-loadtool or fc-iram or fc-xram or rvinterf on your
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48 target /dev/ttyXXX, then press the PWON or RESET button on the target. Now
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49 suppose that the finger-actuated button has been replaced with some magic
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50 command that can be executed on the host system to produce the same effect -
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51 now what? If the usage model stays the same, then you have to first run your
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52 fc-loadtool or fc-iram or fc-xram or rvinterf command same as before, then as
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53 it sits there waiting for the target to boot, you have to open another terminal
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54 window, get another ssh session into the system or whatever, and run the magic
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55 command that replaces the manual button press. Very cumbersome, hence the
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56 desire for a better way.
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57
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58 Support for target boot control in FC host tools consists of a new -P option
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59 implemented in all of loadtools programs and in rvinterf, as well as a special
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60 configuration file which needs to be manually created if external boot control
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61 commands are to be used. There are two target boot control models, built-in
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62 and external:
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63
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64 * Built-in target boot control integrated into FC host tools themselves - the
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65 only currently implemented methods are:
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66
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67 - DTR/RTS pulsing method implemented on our DUART28 adapter: -Pdtr means
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68 pulse DTR and -Prts means pulse RTS. Please refer to DUART28-boot-control
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69 article for the details.
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70
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71 - Aid for working with the Pirelli DP-L10 target: -Petmoff boot control mode
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72 described in the new Pirelli-loadtools-entry article.
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73
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74 * In the other case of external boot control commands, there exist one or more
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75 "magic commands": a magic command is any shell command (anything that can be
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76 passed to /bin/sh -c) whose execution causes a connected Calypso target device
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77 to power on and boot. Naturally these commands will be very specific to your
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78 custom system; they are NOT part of FC host tools!
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79
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80 * These magic commands may be long, and requiring the user to include each magic
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81 command in full on fc-loadtool, rvinterf etc invokation lines is undesirable.
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82 To save typing, we associate a short name (which you choose yourself as you
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83 see fit) with each magic command, and we have a configuration file (which you
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84 need to create) that defines the mapping.
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85
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86 * The argument to the new -P option is the short name to be looked up in the
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87 configuration file. (Built-in boot control names 'dtr', 'rts' and 'etmoff'
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88 are reserved and cannot be used for external boot control commands.)
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89
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90 The configuration file needs to be created in /opt/freecalypso/bootctrl.conf;
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91 let us illustrate it with some examples.
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92
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93 Example 1: FC-UJA
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94 =================
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95
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96 When FC-UJA becomes a reality, there will be a program called fc-testreset that
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97 will locate the attached FC-UJA by its USB ID, connect to FT2232D Channel A and
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98 generate the desired reset pulse on its output. The configuration in
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99 /opt/freecalypso/bootctrl.conf may look as follows:
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100
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101 uja fc-testreset
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102
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103 This configuration associates boot control name 'uja' with shell command
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104 fc-testreset. A developer would then run fc-loadtool like this:
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105
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106 fc-loadtool -h fcfam -Puja /dev/ttyUSB0
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107
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108 if ttyUSB0 is where FC-UJA's UART channel ended up. fc-loadtool would run
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109 normally, sending beacons to /dev/ttyUSB0 and waiting for a Calypso boot ROM
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110 response, but it would also execute the fc-testreset command listed in the
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111 configuration file, and if everything is connected correctly, the resulting
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112 nTESTRESET pulse will cause the target to boot.
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113
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114 The possibility of a single host talking to multiple Calypso targets is fully
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115 supported: if you have multiple FC-UJA adapters with different USB descriptor
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116 serial numbers programmed in their EEPROMs connected to respective Calypso
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117 targets, you could have a /opt/freecalypso/bootctrl.conf setup like this:
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118
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119 uja1 fc-testreset -d serial1
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120 uja2 fc-testreset -d serial2
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121
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122 and then run fc-loadtool accordingly:
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123
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124 fc-loadtool -h fcfam -Puja1 /dev/ttyUSB3
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125 fc-loadtool -h fcfam -Puja2 /dev/ttyUSB4
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126
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127 Example 2: Openmoko GTA02
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128 =========================
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129
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130 There is a modem-power-ctrl.sh script provided in the openmoko directory of this
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131 FC host tools package; if you are going to run fc-loadtool on the application
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132 processor of your GTA02 smartphone, you should install this script in some
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133 sensible location such as /usr/local/sbin/modem-power-ctrl. Then fill in your
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134 /opt/freecalypso/bootctrl.conf file as follows:
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135
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136 lm /usr/local/sbin/modem-power-ctrl boot
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137
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138 The name 'lm' stands for "local modem"; you can then run fc-loadtool as follows:
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139
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140 fc-loadtool -h fic -Plm /dev/ttySAC0
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141
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142 Change from the past
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143 ====================
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144
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145 Back in 2013 the predecessor to our current FC host tools package was just
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146 loadtools, and we had a special configuration for building our loadtools to run
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147 on the GTA02 AP. But it worked backwards relative to our current arrangement:
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148 the current sensible arrangement is that a tool like fc-loadtool run without
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149 any special options simply operates on the specified serial port without any
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150 special magic, and if special magic is desired, it needs to be requested
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151 explicitly with the new -P option; the old loadtools-on-GTA02-AP arrangement
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152 was the opposite: you needed to specify -n to get "regular" operation, otherwise
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153 the tools would automatically operate the modem power control.
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154
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155 Now that we support many more different Calypso hardware targets than we even
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156 knew about in 2013-2014, a cleanup has been long overdue. The new arrangement
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157 as of fc-host-tools-r12 cleans up the mess in several ways:
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158
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159 * Our FC host tools package has grown so much that making special code
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160 configurations for special environments like the AP of some particular
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161 smartphone is no longer scalable; now we just have one standard FC host tools
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162 package without platform-specific hacks.
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163
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164 * Openmoko platform was certainly very special to us once, but it is not so
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165 special any more - now we just treat it the same as any other. Our target
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166 boot control mechanism has now been generalized from just OM GTA02 to any
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167 arbitrary platform with similar needs.
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168
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169 * No more reversal of the standard tool paradigm: we have standard operation by
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170 default, magic on request with an option.