FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/Loadtools-performance @ 945:4c601097d23f
rvinterf: retire libg23 to old subdir
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Wed, 24 May 2023 07:22:32 +0000 |
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1 Memory dump performance |
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2 ======================= |
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4 Here are the expected run times for the flash dump2bin operation of dumping the |
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5 entire flash content of a Calypso GSM device with the current version of |
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6 fc-loadtool which uses the new binary transfer protocol: |
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7 |
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8 Dump of 4 MiB flash (e.g., Openmoko GTA01/02 or Mot C139/140) at 115200 baud: |
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9 6m04s |
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10 |
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11 The same 4 MiB flash dump at 812500 baud: 0m52s |
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12 |
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13 Dump of 8 MiB flash (e.g., Mot C155/156) at 812500 baud: 1m44s |
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14 |
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15 These times are a 2x improvement compared to all previous versions of |
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16 fc-loadtool (prior to fc-host-tools-r13) which used a hex-based transfer |
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17 protocol. |
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18 |
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19 Because of the architecture of fc-loadtool and its loadagent back-end, the run |
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20 time of a flash dump operation depends only on the serial baud rate and the |
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21 size of the flash area to be dumped; it should not depend on the USB-serial |
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22 adapter type or any host system properties, as long as the host system and |
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23 serial adapter combination supports the desired baud rate. In contrast, flash |
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24 programming and fc-xram loading operations are quite different in that their |
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25 run times do depend on the host system and USB-serial adapter or other serial |
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26 port hardware - this host system dependency exists because of the way these |
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27 operations are implemented in our architecture. |
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28 |
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29 Flash programming operations |
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30 ============================ |
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31 |
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32 Here are some examples of expected flash programming times, all obtained on the |
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33 Mother's Slackware 14.2 host system: |
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34 |
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35 Flashing an Openmoko GTA02 modem (K5A3281CTM flash chip) with a new firmware |
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36 image (2376448 bytes), using a PL2303 USB-serial cable at 115200 baud: 0m19s to |
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37 erase 37 sectors, 3m45s to program the image. |
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38 |
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39 Flashing the same OM GTA02 modem with the same fw image, using a CP2102 |
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40 USB-serial cable at 812500 baud: 0m19s to erase, 0m51s to program. |
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41 |
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42 Flashing a Magnetite hybrid fw image (2378084 bytes) into an FCDEV3B board |
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43 (S71PL129N flash chip) via an FT2232D adapter at 812500 baud: 0m24s to erase |
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44 13 sectors (4 small and 9 large), 1m27s to program the image. |
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45 |
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46 Regardless of whether you execute these two steps separately or use one of our |
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47 new flash e-program-{bin,m0,srec} commands, flash programming is always done in |
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48 two steps: first the erase operation covering the needed range of sectors, then |
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49 the actual programming operation that includes the data transfer. |
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50 |
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51 Flash erase times are determined entirely by physical processes inside the |
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52 flash chip and thus should not be affected by software design or the serial |
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53 link: for each sector to be erased, fc-loadtool issues the sector erase command |
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54 to the flash chip and then polls the chip for operation completion status; the |
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55 polling is done over the serial link and thus may seem very slow, but the extra |
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56 bit of latency added by the finite polling speed is still negligible (at least |
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57 on the Mother's Slackware system) compared to the time of the actual sector |
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58 erase operation inside the flash chip. One remaining flaw is that in our |
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59 current implementation the issuance of each individual sector erase command to |
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60 the flash chip takes 6 command-response exchanges between fc-loadtool and |
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61 loadagent; on my Slackware host system this extra overhead is still negligible |
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62 compared to the 0.5s or more for the actual erase operation time, but this |
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63 overhead may become more significant on host systems with higher latency. |
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64 |
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65 After the erase operation, the execution time of the main flash programming |
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66 operation is a sum of 3 components: |
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67 |
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68 * The time it takes for the bits to be transferred over the serial link; |
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69 * The time it takes for the flash programming operation to complete on the |
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70 target (physics inside the flash chip); |
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71 * The overhead of command-response exchanges between fc-loadtool and loadagent. |
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72 |
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73 Because image data transfer is taking place in this step, flash programming at |
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74 812500 baud is faster than 115200 baud, although it is not the same 7x |
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75 improvement as happens with flash dumps. The present version of fc-loadtool |
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76 also uses a new binary transfer protocol instead of the hex-based one used in |
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77 previous versions (prior to fc-host-tools-r13); this change produces a 2x |
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78 improvement for OM GTA02 flashing, but only a smaller improvement for FCDEV3B |
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79 flashing. |
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80 |
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81 Notice the difference in flash programming times between GTA02 and FCDEV3B: the |
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82 fw image size is almost exactly the same, any difference in latency between |
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83 CP2102 and FT2232D is less likely to produce such significant time difference |
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84 given our current 2048 byte transfer block size (in fact fc-xram transfer times |
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85 suggest that FT2232D is faster), thus the difference in physical flash program |
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86 operation times between K5A3281CTM and S71PL129N flash chips seems to be the |
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87 most likely explanation. |
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88 |
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89 It also needs to be noted that in the current version of fc-loadtool there is |
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90 no difference in performance between flash program-bin, program-m0 and |
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91 program-srec operations: they all use the same binary protocol with 2048 byte |
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92 transfer block size. There is no coupling between source S-records and flash |
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93 programming operation blocks (2048-byte units) in the case of flash program-m0 |
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94 and program-srec: the new implementation of these commands prereads the entire |
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95 S-record image as a separate preparatory step on the host side, the bits to be |
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96 programmed are saved in a temporary binary file (automatically deleted |
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97 afterward), and the actual flash programming operation proceeds from this |
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98 internal binary source - but it knows about any discontiguous program regions |
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99 and skips the gaps properly. |
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100 |
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101 XRAM loading via fc-xram |
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102 ======================== |
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103 |
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104 The new version of fc-xram as of fc-host-tools-r13 is dramatically faster than |
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105 the original implementation from 2013, using a new binary transfer protocol. |
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106 The speed increase comes from not only switching from hex to binary, but even |
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107 more so from eliminating the command-response turnaround time on every S3 |
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108 record. The new XRAM loading times obtained on the Mother's Slackware 14.2 |
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109 host system are: |
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110 |
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111 Pirelli DP-L10 with built-in CP2102 USB-serial chip, 812500 baud, loading |
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112 hybrid-vpm fw build, 49969 S3 records: 0m27s |
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113 |
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114 FCDEV3B interfaced via FT2232D adapter, 812500 baud, loading hybrid fw build, |
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115 78875 S3 records: 0m35s |
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116 |
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117 With the previous version of fc-xram these two loads took 1m40s and 2m54s, |
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118 respectively. With the current version of loadtools XRAM loading is faster |
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119 than flash programming for the same fw image as one would naturally expect (the |
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120 flash programming step on the target is replaced with a simple memcpy() |
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121 operation), but in the previous version XRAM loading was slower because of |
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122 massive command-response exchange overhead: there was a command-response |
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123 turnaround time incurred for every S3 record, typically carrying only 30 bytes |
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124 of payload. |
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125 |
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126 Additional complication with FTDI adapters and newer Linux kernel versions |
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127 ========================================================================== |
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128 |
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129 If you are using an FTDI adapter and a Linux kernel version newer than early |
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130 2017 (the change was introduced between 4.10 and 4.11), then you have one |
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131 additional complication: a change was made to the ftdi_sio driver in the Linux |
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132 kernel that made many loadtools operations (basically everything other than |
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133 flash dumps which are entirely target-driven) unbearably slow, at least with |
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134 previous versions of loadtools that made many more command-response exchanges |
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135 with loadagent for smaller transfer units and thus were much more sensitive to |
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136 host system latency on these exchanges. We do not yet know if this FTDI |
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137 latency timer issue still has a significant negative impact or not with current |
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138 loadtools, but if it does, the solution is to run a special setserial command. |
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139 After you plug in your FTDI-based USB-serial cable or connect the USB cable |
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140 between your PC or laptop and your FTDI adapter board, causing the |
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141 corresponding ttyUSBx device to appear, execute the following command: |
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142 |
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143 setserial /dev/ttyUSBx low_latency |
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144 |
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145 (Obviously change ttyUSBx to your actual ttyUSB number.) Execute this |
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146 setserial command before running fc-loadtool or fc-xram, and then hopefully you |
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147 should get performance that is comparable to what I get on classic Slackware. |
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148 I say "hopefully" because I am not able to test it myself - I refuse to run any |
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149 OS that can be categorized as "modern" - but field reports of performance on |
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150 non-Slackware systems running newer Linux kernels (4.11 or later) are welcome, |
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151 both with and without the low_latency setting. Please be sure to include your |
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152 Linux kernel version and your USB-serial adapter type in your report! |