FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/High-speed-serial @ 417:7365e9c70176
doc/Flash-boot-modes article removed (moved to freecalypso-docs)
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Fri, 26 Oct 2018 07:13:35 +0000 |
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1 The highest baud rate supported by "standard" PC serial ports is 115200 bps, |
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2 but Calypso UARTs can go quite a bit faster. Being clocked with 13 MHz (a |
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3 standard frequency in the GSM world), these UARTs can produce non-standard |
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4 (outside of the GSM world) baud rates of 203125, 406250 and 812500 bps. Even |
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5 though these high baud rates aren't supported by "standard" RS-232 serial ports |
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6 on PCs, they *are* supported by some of the better USB to serial adapters, |
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7 namely CP2102 (USB to single UART) and the FT2232x family (USB to two UARTs). |
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8 The Pirelli DP-L10 phone supported by FreeCalypso host tools has a CP2102 built |
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9 in, the officially recommended 2.5 mm headset jack USB-serial cables for working |
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10 with Motorola C1xx and Openmoko GTA01/02 phones also use CP2102 adapters, |
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11 whereas our FreeCalypso development boards (FCDEV3B) are typically used with an |
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12 FT2232D or other FT2232x USB to dual UART adapter. |
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13 |
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14 FreeCalypso tools can use these high serial baud rates in the following ways: |
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15 |
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16 * When you use fc-loadtool to dump and program GSM device flash memory |
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17 (flashing firmware images), the transfers get annoyingly slow at 115200 baud |
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18 if you have to do it a lot. Switching to 406250 or even better 812500 baud |
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19 makes them go considerably faster. |
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20 |
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21 * Some of our target devices have large enough RAM to execute a GSM firmware |
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22 image entirely from RAM without flashing - very handy for development and |
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23 experimentation. The tool used to run these RAM-based images is fc-xram, |
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24 and it also supports the option of using high serial baud rates for the image |
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25 transfer for the same reason: repeatedly transferring >2 MiB images over |
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26 115200 baud gets tiresome. |
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27 |
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28 * If you are building your own FreeCalypso-based or TI-based GSM firmware in a |
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29 special non-standard configuration, you can make it run its RVTMUX interface |
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30 at 406250 or 812500 baud. We used this trick when we tried to make TCS211 |
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31 with D-Sample-targeting UI (176x220 pix LCD, 16 bits per pixel) send its |
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32 virtual LCD raster blits out the serial port. Our rvtdump and rvinterf |
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33 utilities support this mode of operation by providing options to select |
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34 different baud rates. |
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35 |
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36 Recent changes for better FTDI adapter support |
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37 ============================================== |
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38 |
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39 There is one fundamental difference between the way CP2102 adapters support |
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40 non-standard baud rates (like the high GSM baud rates of interest to us) and |
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41 the way in which FTDI adapters support them. CP2102 chips have a built-in |
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42 EEPROM that contains (among other things) a 32-entry table in which the |
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43 supported serial baud rates are programmed, and the programming of this EEPROM |
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44 effects a remapping: a Linux userspace process can request B230400, B460800 or |
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45 B921600 from termios, but magically get 203125, 406250 or 812500 as the actual |
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46 resulting serial baud rate instead. In contrast, FTDI adapters have no such |
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47 magic remapping mechanism in hardware, thus in order to get 203125, 406250 or |
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48 812500 baud with an FTDI adapter, the userspace process has to explicitly |
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49 request these special baud rates from the serial driver in the kernel, and |
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50 doing the latter requires foregoing the standard termios API and using Linux- |
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51 specific <asm/...> header files and raw ioctl calls instead. |
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52 |
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53 When support for high GSM baud rates was first added to FreeCalypso host tools |
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54 back in 2013, there was no need to support the more difficult FTDI adapters as |
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55 the easier to work with CP2102 was fully sufficient for our needs, hence our |
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56 original FC host tools implementation required "magic" baud rate remapping |
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57 somewhere below, usually in form of CP2102 EEPROM programming but also possibly |
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58 by way of a hacky patch to the ftdi_sio driver in the Linux kernel to achieve |
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59 the same effect with rarely-needed FTDI adapters. |
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60 |
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61 The situation has changed with the introduction of our own FreeCalypso |
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62 development boards (currently FCDEV3B, possibly others in the future) which |
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63 bring out both Calypso UARTs to the user, rather than just one. The most |
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64 convenient serial adapters for working with these dual UARTs are FT2232x (our |
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65 current official adapter is FT2232D), thus we now have a strong need to support |
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66 the use of these FTDI adapters, including the use of high GSM baud rates, in a |
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67 manner which does not fight against the mainline Linux kernel. |
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68 |
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69 In a radical change from fc-host-tools-r6 and earlier, the present version of |
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70 FreeCalypso host tools uses new libserial code that differs from the old code |
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71 as follows: |
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72 |
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73 * Linux-specific <asm/...> headers are used instead of <termios.h>; |
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74 |
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75 * Linux-specific raw ioctl calls are used instead of tcsetattr() for serial |
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76 port setup; |
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77 |
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78 * When the user requests 203125, 406250 or 812500 baud, these are the actual |
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79 baud rates requested from the kernel, not 230400/460800/921600 baud. |
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80 |
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81 This change is expected to have no adverse effect on the existing CP2102 users, |
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82 as the cp210x driver in Linux appears to cope fine with the strange baud rate |
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83 requests from userspace and the correct CP2102 EEPROM baud rate entry still |
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84 gets selected (tested on Slackware 13.37 and Debian 9), but when working with |
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85 FTDI adapters such as our FT2232D adapter for the FCDEV3B this change makes the |
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86 high GSM baud rates work without needing the dirty kernel patch which the |
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87 Mother has been using up until now. |
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88 |
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89 Support for other Unix flavors |
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90 ============================== |
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91 |
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92 The serial port handling code for all of FC host tools has been factored out |
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93 into a common library called libserial. We have two versions of libserial: |
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94 |
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95 * libserial-orig uses the standard and presumably portable termios API, but |
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96 requires "magic" remapping of baud rates by some invisible genie below (like |
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97 CP2102 EEPROM programming) in order to get 203125/406250/812500 baud. |
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98 |
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99 * libserial-newlnx uses Linux-specific header files and raw ioctl calls to |
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100 request the actual desired baud rates. |
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101 |
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102 If you would like to run FreeCalypso host tools under FreeBSD, illumos or some |
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103 other alternative-to-Linux OS, you have two basic choices: |
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104 |
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105 * If you wish to use high GSM baud rates with non-remapping FTDI adapters or |
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106 other serial interfaces which support the baud rates in question without |
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107 remapping, you will need to figure out how to request non-standard serial |
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108 baud rates from the underlying drivers under your OS, and create your own |
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109 version of libserial ported to use that method. |
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110 |
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111 * If you don't need high GSM baud rates or need them only with CP2102 adapters |
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112 which "magically" remap them, you should be able to use libserial-orig. You |
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113 can also completely remove the entries for the high GSM baud rates from |
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114 libserial-orig/baudtab.c if you don't need these high baud rates and your |
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115 version of termios does not have B230400/B460800/B921600 baud rate constants. |
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116 |
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117 It is assumed that any system on which someone may desire to run our FC host |
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118 tools supports at least 115200 baud. The Mother remembers the days when this |
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119 baud rate was considered very high and non-standard and even has some of those |
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120 lovely old systems still running; fc-loadtool and friends going through the |
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121 Calypso boot ROM (not through Compal's bootloader) can be made to work with a |
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122 host system whose UARTs max out at 19200 baud, but most Calypso GSM device |
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123 firmwares including our own use the 115200 baud rate. |
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124 |
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125 Using CP2102 adapters with Mot C1xx and Openmoko phones |
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126 ======================================================= |
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127 |
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128 As already mentioned above, CP2102 chips have a built-in EEPROM that contains |
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129 (among other things) a 32-entry table in which the supported serial baud rates |
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130 are programmed. In order to support the special GSM baud rates, these rates |
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131 need to be added to that table, displacing some other entries. The convention |
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132 established by the Pirelli DP-L10 phone (has a CP2102 built in and programmed |
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133 at the factory for GSM baud rates) is that 203120 baud takes the place of |
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134 230400, 406250 takes the place of 460800, and 812500 takes the place of 921600. |
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135 |
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136 Because you need a special cable anyway to make the necessary physical |
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137 connection to the debug/programming serial port presented on a 2.5 mm headset |
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138 jack, you will probably be buying the requisite cable from a specialized |
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139 professional vendor. In that case it is that vendor's responsibility to sell |
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140 you the cable with the CP2102 chip already programmed with GSM baud rates: |
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141 because the physical construction of the cable (2.5 mm headset jack on the |
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142 serial end) makes it specific to GSM devices, and all known GSM devices use a |
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143 13 MHz clock or some integer multiple thereof, it is pointless for a |
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144 physically-GSM-specific cable to be set up for 230400/460800/921600 baud when |
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145 all known GSM devices will need 203125/406250/812500 baud instead. |
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146 |
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147 If you are making a CP2102-based serial cable yourself (either for your own |
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148 personal use or professionally/commercially), please follow these instructions |
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149 for baud rate programming: |
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150 |
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151 http://osmocom.org/projects/baseband/wiki/HardwareCP210xTutorial |
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152 |
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153 If you follow the procedure given on that page, your CP2102 will be programmed |
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154 the same way as the one in the Pirelli DP-L10 (Foxconn's original factory |
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155 programming). |
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156 |
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157 Using adapters built into phones |
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158 ================================ |
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159 |
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160 The Calypso chip has no native USB capabilities, thus if a Calypso phone |
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161 presents a USB charging+data port to the user, it must have a USB to serial |
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162 converter built in. The only phone we currently know of that does this is |
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163 Pirelli DP-L10, and its built-in USB-serial adapter chip is CP2102. It has |
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164 already been programmed with the correct GSM baud rates on Foxconn's original |
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165 production line, thus one can always use 812500 baud with FreeCalypso tools on |
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166 this phone and it will Just Work. |