FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/TIFFS-IVA-usage @ 695:8d7dcfd9df53
loadtools: missing #include <unistd.h> in tpinterf modules
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Wed, 11 Mar 2020 18:21:22 +0000 |
parents | c44f31353f2f |
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1 The generic tiffs utility needs to be invoked as follows: |
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2 |
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3 tiffs [global-options] <imgfile> <org> <cmd> [command-args] |
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4 |
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5 The first 3 non-optional arguments are the filename of the TIFFS image under |
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6 examination, the FFS organization being examined, and the operation to be |
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7 performed. The present utility is designed in the classic Unix manner in that |
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8 each invokation performs a single operation and exits, such that invokations of |
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9 tiffs (or one of the wrappers described below) may be plumbed into pipes and |
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10 the like. |
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11 |
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12 The 2nd argument to tiffs after the FFS image filename describes how the TIFFS |
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13 instance under study is organized in terms of flash sectors. The syntax of |
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14 this argument is KxN, where K is the flash sector size in KiB and N is the |
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15 number of sectors occupied by the FFS. For MokoFFS images the correct |
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16 organization argument is 64x7 (7 sectors of 64 KiB each), for Pirelli's FFS |
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17 images it is 256x18 (18 sectors of 256 KiB each), and for TIFFS images read out |
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18 of FreeCalypso development boards it is 256x8 (8 sectors of 256 KiB each). |
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19 |
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20 The following global options may be given before the image filename argument: |
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21 |
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22 -a num |
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23 |
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24 Use the specified flash block (sector) as the inode array block. |
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25 |
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26 -o offset |
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27 |
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28 The FFS image begins at the specified offset within the file, rather |
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29 than at the beginning. This option is useful when working with complete |
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30 device flash dumps of which FFS is only a part, starting somewhere |
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31 other than at 0. |
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32 |
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33 -O |
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34 |
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35 The location field in the inode structure is 16 bits rather than 32, |
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36 stored in the upper two bytes out of the four. This old FFS format |
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37 (limited to 1 MiB total FFS size) was used by *very* old versions of |
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38 TI's firmware and is incompatible with our "current" fw versions; |
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39 so far the only encountered example of this old FFS format was found on |
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40 the D-Sample board which the Mother scored in 2015 - it came with a |
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41 firmware image dated 20020917. |
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42 |
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43 -r ino |
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44 |
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45 Use the specified inode as the root. Per the Mother's convention, |
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46 TIFFS inode numbers are always given in hex, hence this argument is |
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47 interpreted as hex without needing a 0x prefix. |
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48 |
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49 The invokation syntax for mokoffs and pirffs wrappers is the same as for tiffs, |
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50 except that the FFS organization argument (64x7 or 256x18) is omitted; the |
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51 wrapper fills that argument in before passing the command to the main tiffs |
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52 program. The only other difference is that instead of the generic -o global |
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53 option, mokoffs takes a -f global option (no argument) which indicates that one |
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54 is working with a complete flash dump image, rather than just the FFS portion; |
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55 mokoffs -f gets translated into tiffs -o0x380000. (pirffs has no such option |
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56 at all because Pirelli's FFS starts at offset 0 within its respective flash |
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57 chip select.) |
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58 |
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59 The next argument after the FFS organization for tiffs (or after the image |
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60 filename for mokoffs/pirffs) is the command (or operation) to be performed. |
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61 The following tiffs commands are currently available: |
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62 |
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63 General information commands |
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64 ============================ |
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65 |
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66 These commands display general or summary information about the FFS image: |
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67 |
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68 tiffs <...> blkhdr |
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69 |
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70 This command displays the basic information contained in the header of each |
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71 flash erase block comprising the FFS image. |
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72 |
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73 tiffs <...> fsinfo |
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74 |
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75 This command displays some general information about the file system. |
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76 |
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77 Standard listing/extraction commands |
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78 ==================================== |
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79 |
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80 These commands list or extract the normally-visible content of the FFS, i.e., |
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81 the content which is visible when the FFS is "mounted" normally, and which the |
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82 FFS promises to preserve - as opposed to deleted or overwritten content. |
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83 |
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84 tiffs <...> ls [-v[v]] [pathname...] |
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85 |
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86 Tiffs ls without additional arguments yields a listing of the complete FFS |
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87 directory tree, akin to tar tv. Example output fragment: |
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88 |
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89 fr 4096 /.journal |
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90 d /gsm |
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91 d /gsm/rf |
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92 d /gsm/rf/tx |
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93 f 512 /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.900 |
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94 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900 |
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95 f 128 /gsm/rf/tx/calchan.900 |
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96 |
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97 The first character is 'f' for files or 'd' for directories. An 'r' following |
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98 immediately afterward means that the object has the read-only attribute set. |
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99 For files the listing includes the content size in bytes, and the last part is |
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100 the pathname of the object within the FFS. |
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101 |
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102 With a single -v option added after ls, the output will include verbose |
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103 information as to the segmentation structure of each file. With two -v options |
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104 or with -vv, this additional output will also include the byte offset of each |
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105 data chunk, relative to the beginning of the FFS image. |
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106 |
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107 Tiffs ls with a pathname argument yields information about the specified FFS |
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108 object; -v and -vv options act as already described, but are arguably more |
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109 useful when listing single files. |
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110 |
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111 tiffs <...> cat [-v|-h] pathname |
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112 |
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113 Just like the standard Unix cat(1) command, but cat'ing files from the FFS image |
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114 under study. The non-standard -h option means hex dump - it is handy because |
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115 almost all files in TI's GSM device FFS are binary, rather than ASCII. |
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116 |
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117 tiffs <...> xtr dest-dir |
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118 |
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119 This command extracts the complete content of the FFS into your ordinary Unix |
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120 file system. The sole argument is the local directory into which the root of |
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121 the GSM device FFS should be extracted. |
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122 |
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123 Forensic analysis commands |
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124 ========================== |
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125 |
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126 Unlike the "standard" listing/extraction commands which present TIFFS as a |
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127 "normal" Unix file system, using the "forensic" commands effectively requires |
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128 that the operator understands how TIFFS works, in particular, what an inode is |
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129 in TIFFS. |
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130 |
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131 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] |
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132 |
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133 This command lists the FFS inode array from first to last; this listing order |
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134 will normally correspond to the forward chronological order of object creation. |
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135 -v and -vv options add verbosity. |
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136 |
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137 '.' in the object type column means segment, '~' means a deleted object. The |
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138 lsino command only lists the inode array, and does not try to recover the |
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139 original type of deleted/overwritten objects from the journal or other clues. |
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140 The program attempts to recover the pathname of each inode, but because such |
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141 reverse mapping from inodes to pathnames is not an operation which TIFFS was |
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142 properly designed to support, and the pathname recovery algorithm in this TIFFS |
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143 IVA tool is made as generic as possible (doesn't look at the object types), the |
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144 lsino listing will occasionally include some bogus pathnames. Once again, it |
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145 is expected that the operator knows what s/he is doing when using these forensic |
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146 commands. |
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147 |
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148 tiffs <...> lsino [-v[v]] [-f] ino... |
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149 |
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150 This command works just like ls with an explicit pathname argument, but takes |
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151 one or more inode numbers instead. The -f option matters only if the requested |
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152 inode is in the deleted/overwritten state; it tells the lsino command to assume |
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153 that the object is/was the head inode of a file; -vf and -vvf combinations are |
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154 particularly useful. |
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155 |
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156 tiffs <...> catino [-v|-h] ino |
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157 |
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158 Just like regular cat, but takes an inode number instead of a pathname. Can be |
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159 used to cat the old content of deleted or overwritten files. |