FreeCalypso > hg > freecalypso-tools
annotate doc/SE-K2x0-FFS @ 974:bee0e096f076
CHANGES: document fc-loadtool Intel flash family expansion
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:04:26 +0000 |
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1 Flash file system in Sony Ericsson K200/220 phones |
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2 ================================================== |
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3 |
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4 SE K200/220 phones are based on our familiar Calypso chipset, their firmware is |
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5 based on the standard chipset reference fw from TI, and they use TIFFS as their |
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6 flexible data storage mechanism. Their TIFFS instance is located in the first |
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7 3328 KiB of the 2nd flash bank; the geometry is 256x13 or 64x52 depending on |
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8 which flash chip was used in each given phone. (Some specimen have Spansion |
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9 S71PL129NB0 chips with 256 KiB flash sectors, others feature Samsung K5L2931CAM |
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10 chips with 64 KiB flash sectors.) |
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11 |
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12 Calibration data and self-regenerating ability |
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13 ============================================== |
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14 |
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15 SE's FFS life cycle design on these phones is interesting in that vital per-unit |
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16 calibration data (RF, AFC and MADC calibrations) are stored in two places: |
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17 (1) in the FFS in TI's standard format and locations, and (2) in a dedicated |
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18 flash sector outside of FFS that appears to be written once at the factory and |
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19 never touched afterward. |
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20 |
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21 SE's firmware design allows the FFS to be fully erased without breaking the |
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22 phone: whenever the fw boots in a state where the FFS area of the flash is fully |
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23 erased (you can of course erase those FFS sectors with fc-loadtool, but it |
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24 appears that some official tools also provide the same operation) but the |
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25 separate factory calibration data sector is valid, the firmware formats and |
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26 initializes a new FFS, and furthermore copies all essential calibration records |
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27 from SE's proprietary sector structure into their standard TIFFS locations! |
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28 |
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29 But it gets even more interesting - when we examine FFS images read out of |
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30 various SE K2x0 specimen, we see two different occurrences: |
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31 |
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32 1) In some specimen the FFS content is exactly the same as what we would get by |
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33 erasing the FFS with fc-loadtool and letting the firmware regenerate a fresh |
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34 one on its next boot. We can thus reasonably assume that the FFS in these |
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35 specimen is indeed the product of such intervention at some point in the |
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36 phone's history. |
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37 |
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38 2) In other specimen we see some additional files beyond those that exist with |
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39 the life cycle of the previous paragraph. One readily noticeable addition |
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40 is the presence of /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files, which are absent in the self- |
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41 regenerated FFS where the phone's fw copied calibration records from SE's |
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42 dedicated calibration data sector. How are these Tx ramp tables different |
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43 from all other RF calibration records? Answer: in the present SE K2x0 |
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44 design, and also in all other Calypso phone and modem designs known to this |
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45 Mother, Tx ramps are calibrated per design and not per unit. Because the |
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46 correct Tx ramp tables are compiled into the firmware, having them in FFS is |
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47 redundant. |
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48 |
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49 Based on the above evidence, I (Mother Mychaela) hereby make the following |
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50 reconstruction of how these two kinds of FFS found in the wild likely came into |
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51 being: |
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52 |
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53 * In the case of Compal (Mot C1xx and SE J100) and Pirelli DP-L10 we know by |
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54 simple deductive reasoning that those firmwares must have had their l1_cust.c |
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55 code modified to read calibration records from their respective proprietary |
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56 flash data structures instead of TI's original FFS files. However, in the |
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57 case of SE K2x0 it is plausible that their l1_cust.c did NOT have to be |
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58 likewise modified - they could plausibly still have TI's original l1_cust.c |
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59 code that reads RF tables from FFS on initialization and writes them back |
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60 into FFS upon those special MISC_ENABLE commands that are issued at the end |
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61 of TI's original calibration procedures. |
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62 |
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63 * If my hypothesis above is correct, then it follows that when SE or their ODM |
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64 did their factory production line calibration, the results were initially |
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65 written into FFS and not into SE's separate factory calibration data sector. |
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66 If they are using unmodified l1_cust.c code from TI, then the presence of |
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67 redundant /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files is explained - TI's standard calibration |
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68 procedure results in these files being written into FFS because the canonical |
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69 l1_cust.c code classifies them as "Tx calibration" rather than "Tx config" - |
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70 see our RF_tables article. |
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71 |
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72 * In a separate step after all standard calibration procedures, they must have |
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73 copied all important calibration records into their non-standard flash sector |
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74 at 0x01FD0000, specifically to produce a more durable copy that can persist |
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75 through full erasure of FFS. Tx ramp tables were not included because they |
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76 are relatively large and redundant, not actually calibrated per unit. |
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77 |
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78 * Those SE K2x0 specimen whose FFS contains /gsm/rf/tx/ramps.* files and some |
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79 other files that aren't found in auto-regenerated FFS probably exhibit the |
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80 original FFS from the factory production line that was never subjected to |
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81 being blown away and regenerated! |
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82 |
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83 SE's non-standard extension to TIFFS |
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84 ==================================== |
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85 |
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86 There is one aspect of SE K2x0 FFS that creates a pain point for our tools: |
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87 they made their own non-standard extension to TIFFS in terms of extended UCS-2 |
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88 filenames, and given our natural desire to be able to use our tiffs tool (TIFFS |
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89 IVA) to examine FFS images from these SE phones, we had to extend our tool so |
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90 that it parses SE's extension instead of throwing up errors like it did before. |
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91 |
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92 As explained in our TIFFS-Overview article, classic TIFFS requires every |
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93 elementary filename to consist of printable ASCII characters from the sensibly |
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94 narrow set of [A-Za-z0-9_.,+%$#-], further limited to a maximum of 20 |
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95 characters. However, SE K2x0 FFS images often contain some files that violate |
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96 this constraint; deeper examination reveals that SE (or their ODM) devised a |
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97 feature to allow filenames composed of UCS-2 characters, implemented as follows: |
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98 |
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99 * The first "character" of the filename written into TIFFS is \x02, i.e., NOT a |
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100 printable ASCII character; |
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101 |
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102 * The next "character" in the TIFFS object name is another binary byte encoding |
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103 the length of the UCS-2 string: for example, if the "high-level" name consists |
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104 of 6 UCS-2 characters, this second TIFFS object name "character" is \x06; |
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105 |
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106 * These two non-printable-ASCII chars are followed by a long string of [0-9A-F] |
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107 ASCII characters, encoding the "high-level" UCS-2 name in hex; |
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108 |
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109 * The whole arrangement ends with a terminating NUL, allowing the rest of TIFFS |
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110 to work unchanged. |
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111 |
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112 Seen from TIFFS perspective, these extended filenames created by SE K2x0 fw |
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113 violate traditional canon in two ways: |
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114 |
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115 1) The overall length of the mostly-hex-encoded filename string usually exceeds |
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116 the traditional 20 character limit; |
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117 |
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118 2) The set of allowed characters is grossly violated: not an innocuous extension |
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119 of allowing some additional "sane" characters, but non-printable-ASCII binary |
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120 chars that are barely compatible with C string functions by virtue of not |
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121 containing zero bytes. |
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122 |
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123 Please see the new section titled "Support for SE K2x0 extended filenames" in |
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124 our TIFFS-IVA-usage article for the explanation of how we handle these extended |
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125 filenames in our TIFFS IVA tool. |
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126 |
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127 fc-fsio considerations |
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128 ====================== |
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129 |
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130 In addition to "in vitro" analysis with our tiffs tool, SE K2x0 FFS can also be |
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131 accessed "in vivo" with fc-fsio in the following two scenarios: |
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132 |
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133 1) SE K2x0 firmware does not have RVTMUX enabled by default, but they have |
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134 non-volatile flags in their FFS (which can be set via a hidden menu entered |
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135 via secret MMI code #*87223564#) that enable RVTMUX on the MODEM UART that |
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136 is brought out, and their RVTMUX includes ETM and TMFFS2 protocols. |
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137 |
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138 2) We can run TI's original FFS code against SE K2x0 FFS bodies by adding the |
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139 necessary configuration to our fc-xram based FFS editor tool described in |
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140 our TIFFS-Overview article. |
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141 |
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142 The expected behaviour in scenario 2 can be predicted statically by studying |
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143 the code, whereas scenario 1 calls for experimentation. Experiments with |
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144 RVTMUX-enabled SE K2x0 original fw reveal that it does behave (at least as far |
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145 as visible behaviour over TMFFS2) exactly like TI's original FFS code in terms |
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146 of readdir output when listing directories with extended filenames in them: as |
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147 long as they fit into TMFFS2 string buffer, these extended filenames are |
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148 returned just as one would naively expect. |
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149 |
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150 In light of these observations, fc-fsio has also been patched up to behave |
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151 gracefully when faced with such previously unexpected readdir results from the |
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152 target. Specifically: |
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153 |
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154 * The short form of 'ls' command will print whatever the target firmware |
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155 returns, including extended filenames; any non-printable-ASCII characters are |
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156 escaped in \x hex form. |
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157 |
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158 * 'ls -l' or 'll' will throw up an error if one attempts to list a directory |
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159 that contains one or more extended filenames, caught either at the level of |
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160 the readdir result not fitting into the buffer sized for standard TIFFS |
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161 filenames or (for SE K2x0 extended filenames of 4 or fewer UCS-2 characters) |
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162 at the level of this readdir result containing non-printable-ASCII chars. |
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163 |
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164 Finally, the following limitations need to be kept in mind: |
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165 |
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166 * There is no way to address an FFS object with an extended filename by entering |
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167 a pathname in fc-fsio commands; |
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168 |
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169 * File systems or subtrees containing extended filenames cannot be read out with |
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170 fc-fsio cpout command: it will fail just like ls -l; |
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171 |
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172 * rm-subtree and cleandir commands will likewise fail and stop whenever they |
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173 encounter a filename longer than 20 characters (invalid for the purpose of |
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174 pathname generation based on fixed-length buffers) anywhere in the subtree to |
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175 be deleted. |
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176 |
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177 The last limitation (inability to delete "bad" files) may seem like a serious |
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178 flaw in the design of fc-fsio at first, but please realize that the primary |
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179 mission of FreeCalypso is to work with our own hardware and firmware, not alien |
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180 - and the original FFS code from TI, which is what we use in FreeCalypso, will |
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181 never allow file system objects with such bad filenames to be created in the |
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182 first place. Therefore, the limitation of fc-fsio being unable to manipulate |
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183 certain files to the extent of not even being able to delete them is specific |
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184 to the peculiar scenario of operating on *alien* FFS from Sony Ericsson. |