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beginning of libtwamr documentation
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sat, 18 May 2024 21:22:07 +0000
parents 59751c8fc773
children bf7bbc7d494f
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6b479cfb06a4 beginning of libgsmfr2 documentation
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1 Libgsmfr2 general usage
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2 =======================
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3
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4 The external public interface to Themyscira libgsmfr2 consists of a single
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5 header file <tw_gsmfr.h>; it should be installed in some system include
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6 directory.
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7
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8 The dialect of C used by all Themyscira GSM codec libraries is ANSI C (function
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9 prototypes), const qualifier is used where appropriate, and the interface is
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10 defined in terms of <stdint.h> types; <tw_gsmfr.h> includes <stdint.h>. The
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11 use of old libgsm defined types (gsm_byte, gsm_frame and gsm_signal) has been
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12 abolished in the migration from libgsm+libgsmfrp to libgsmfr2.
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13
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14 GSM 06.10 encoder and decoder
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15 =============================
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16
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17 Both the encoder and the decoder are stateful; each running instance of either
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18 element needs its own state structure. However, this GSM 06.10 component of
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19 libgsmfr2 shares a peculiar property with old libgsm from which it was derived:
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20 the same state structure (struct gsmfr_0610_state) is used by both entities.
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21 Needless to say, each given instance of struct gsmfr_0610_state must be used
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22 for only one purpose, either for the encoder or for the decoder; mixing calls
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23 to encoder and decoder functions with the same state structure is an invalid
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24 operation with undefined results.
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25
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26 State structures for the basic encoder or decoder are allocated with this
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27 function:
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28
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29 struct gsmfr_0610_state *gsmfr_0610_create(void);
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30
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31 This function allocates dynamic memory for the state structure with malloc()
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32 (the size of the struct is internal to the library and not exposed) and returns
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33 a pointer to the allocated and initialized struct if successful, or NULL if
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34 malloc() fails. The state structure is malloc'ed as a single chunk, hence when
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35 you are done with it, simply free() it.
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36
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37 The initialization or reset portion of gsmfr_0610_create() operation can always
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38 be repeated with this function:
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39
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40 void gsmfr_0610_reset(struct gsmfr_0610_state *state);
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41
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42 Immediately after gsmfr_0610_create() or gsmfr_0610_reset(), the "virgin" state
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43 structure can be used either for the encoder or for the decoder; however, once
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44 that state struct has been passed to functions of either group, it can only be
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45 used for that functional group.
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46
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47 Encoder specifics
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48 -----------------
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49
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50 The most elementary single-frame processing function of libgsmfr2 GSM 06.10
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51 encoder is:
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52
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53 void gsmfr_0610_encode_params(struct gsmfr_0610_state *st, const int16_t *pcm,
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54 struct gsmfr_param_frame *param);
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55
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56 The input is an array of 160 linear PCM samples (left-justified in int16_t),
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57 and the output is this structure:
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58
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59 struct gsmfr_param_frame {
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60 int16_t LARc[8];
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61 int16_t Nc[4];
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62 int16_t bc[4];
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63 int16_t Mc[4];
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64 int16_t xmaxc[4];
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65 int16_t xMc[4][13];
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66 };
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67
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68 Most of the time the following wrapper function is more useful:
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69
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70 void gsmfr_0610_encode_frame(struct gsmfr_0610_state *st, const int16_t *pcm,
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71 uint8_t *frame);
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72
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73 The output is a 33-byte buffer, filled with the encoded GSM-FR speech frame in
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74 the RTP format specified in ETSI TS 101 318 and IETF RFC 3551.
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75
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76 If the optional encoder homing feature is desired, call this function right
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77 after the call to gsmfr_0610_encode_frame() or gsmfr_0610_encode_params():
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78
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79 void gsmfr_0610_encoder_homing(struct gsmfr_0610_state *st, const int16_t *pcm);
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80
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81 This function checks to see if the PCM frame (160 linear PCM samples) is an EHF;
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82 if the input frame is indeed EHF, the function calls gsmfr_0610_reset().
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83
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84 Decoder specifics
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85 -----------------
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86
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87 The internal native form of the 06.10 decoder once again uses
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88 struct gsmfr_param_frame:
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89
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90 void gsmfr_0610_decode_params(struct gsmfr_0610_state *st,
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91 const struct gsmfr_param_frame *param,
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92 int16_t *pcm);
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93
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94 The more commonly used RTP-format version is:
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95
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96 void gsmfr_0610_decode_frame(struct gsmfr_0610_state *st, const uint8_t *frame,
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97 int16_t *pcm);
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98
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99 Please note:
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100
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101 1) The basic GSM 06.10 decoder is just that: there is no SID recognition or DTX
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102 handling, every possible input bit pattern will be interpreted and decoded
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103 as a GSM 06.10 speech frame.
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104
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105 2) There is no decoder homing function at this layer, and no check for DHF.
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106
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107 3) The RTP signature nibble 0xD is ignored (not checked) by
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108 gsmfr_0610_decode_frame().
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109
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110 Rx DTX preprocessor block
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111 =========================
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112
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113 The Rx DTX preprocessor is its own stateful element, independent from the 06.10
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114 decoder to which it is usually coupled. Libgsmfr2 provides a "fulldec" wrapper
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115 that incorporates both elements, but the ability to use the Rx DTX preprocessor
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116 by itself still remains, unchanged from our previous libgsmfrp offering. One
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117 potential application for this preprocessor by itself, without immediately
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118 following it with the GSM 06.10 decode step, is the possibility of implementing
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119 the TFO/TrFO transform of 3GPP TS 28.062 section C.3.2.1.1 for GSM-FR: our Rx
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120 DTX preprocessor does exactly what that section calls for, specifically in
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121 "case 1" where the input UL frame stream may contain SIDs and BFI frame gaps,
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122 but the output must be 100% valid frames and SID-free.
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123
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124 The state structure for this block is struct gsmfr_preproc_state, and it is
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125 allocated with this function:
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126
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127 struct gsmfr_preproc_state *gsmfr_preproc_create(void);
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128
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129 Like other state structures in Themyscira GSM codec libraries, this opaque
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130 state is malloc'ed as a single chunk and can be simply freed afterward. A
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131 reset function is also provided:
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132
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133 void gsmfr_preproc_reset(struct gsmfr_preproc_state *state);
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134
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135 Preprocessing good frames
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136 -------------------------
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137
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138 For every good traffic frame (BFI=0) you receive from the radio subsystem, you
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139 need to call this preprocessor function:
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140
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141 void gsmfr_preproc_good_frame(struct gsmfr_preproc_state *state,
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142 uint8_t *frame);
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143
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144 The second argument is both input and output, i.e., the frame is modified in
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145 place. If the received frame is not SID (specifically, if the SID field
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146 deviates from the SID codeword by 16 or more bits, per GSM 06.31 section 6.1.1),
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147 then the frame (considered a good speech frame) will be left unmodified (i.e.,
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148 it is to be passed unchanged to the GSM 06.10 decoder), but preprocessor state
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149 will be updated. OTOH, if the received frame is classified as either valid or
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150 invalid SID per GSM 06.31, then the output frame will contain comfort noise
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151 generated by the preprocessor using a PRNG, or a silence frame in one particular
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152 corner case.
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153
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154 GSM-FR RTP (originally libgsm) 0xD magic: the upper nibble of the first byte
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155 can be anything on input to gsmfr_preproc_good_frame(), but the output frame
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156 will always have the correct magic in it.
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157
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158 Handling BFI conditions
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159 -----------------------
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160
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161 If you received a lost/missing frame indication instead of a good traffic frame,
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162 call this preprocessor function:
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163
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164 void gsmfr_preproc_bfi(struct gsmfr_preproc_state *state, int taf,
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165 uint8_t *frame_out);
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166
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167 TAF is a flag defined in GSM 06.31 section 6.1.1; if you don't have this flag,
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168 pass 0 - you will lose the function of comfort noise muting in the event of
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169 prolonged SID loss, but all other Rx DTX functions will still work the same.
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170
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171 With this function the 33-byte frame buffer is only an output, i.e., prior
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172 buffer content is a don't-care and there is no provision for making any use of
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173 erroneous frames like in EFR. The frame generated by the preprocessor may be
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174 substitution/muting, comfort noise or silence depending on the state.
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175
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176 GSM-FR full decoder
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177 ===================
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178
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179 The full decoder is a high-level feature of libgsmfr2, incorporating both the
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180 Rx DTX preprocessor block and the GSM 06.10 decoder block. The state structure
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181 for the full decoder (struct gsmfr_fulldec_state) internally incorporates both
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182 struct gsmfr_0610_state and gsmfr_preproc_state, but because it is implemented
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183 inside libgsmfr2, it is still malloc'ed as a single chunk and can thus be
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184 released with a single free() call. The functions for allocating and
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185 initializing this state follow the established pattern:
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186
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187 struct gsmfr_fulldec_state *gsmfr_fulldec_create(void);
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188
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189 void gsmfr_fulldec_reset(struct gsmfr_fulldec_state *state);
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190
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191 The reset function internally calls gsmfr_0610_reset() and
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192 gsmfr_preproc_reset(), initializing both processing blocks.
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193
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194 Frame processing functions are also straightforward:
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195
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196 void gsmfr_fulldec_good_frame(struct gsmfr_fulldec_state *state,
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197 const uint8_t *frame, int16_t *pcm);
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198
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199 void gsmfr_fulldec_bfi(struct gsmfr_fulldec_state *state, int taf,
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200 int16_t *pcm);
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201
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202 These functions follow the same pattern as gsmfr_preproc_good_frame() and
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203 gsmfr_preproc_bfi(), but the output is a 160-sample linear PCM buffer. Also
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204 note that the frame input to gsmfr_fulldec_good_frame() is const, unlike the
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205 situation with gsmfr_preproc_good_frame() - the copying into a scratchpad
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206 buffer (on the stack) happens inside this "fulldec" wrapper.
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207
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208 The "fulldec" layer also adds the decoder homing feature:
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209 gsmfr_fulldec_good_frame() detects decoder homing frames and invokes
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210 gsmfr_fulldec_reset() when required, and also implements EHF output per the
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211 spec.
298
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212
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213 Stateless utility functions
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214 ===========================
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215
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216 Conversions between RTP packed format and broken-down codec parameters are
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217 stateless and implemented with highly efficient code. There are two versions;
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218 this version converts between packed frames and struct gsmfr_param_frame used
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219 by 06.10 encoder and decoder functions:
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220
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221 void gsmfr_pack_frame(const struct gsmfr_param_frame *param, uint8_t *frame);
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222 void gsmfr_unpack_frame(const uint8_t *frame, struct gsmfr_param_frame *param);
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223
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224 and this version converts between packed frames and a straight linear array of
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225 76 parameters:
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226
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227 void gsmfr_pack_from_array(const int16_t *params, uint8_t *frame);
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228 void gsmfr_unpack_to_array(const uint8_t *frame, int16_t *params);
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229
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230 The latter functions gsmfr_pack_from_array() and gsmfr_unpack_to_array() are
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231 drop-in replacements for gsm_implode() and gsm_explode() from old libgsm. The
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232 order of parameters in this array is the canonical one: first all LARc, then
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233 all params for the first subframe, then the second subframe, then the third and
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234 the fourth. OTOH, struct gsmfr_param_frame uses functional grouping, chosen
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235 for ease of porting of original libgsm code.
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236
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237 Both unpacking functions (gsmfr_unpack_frame() and gsmfr_unpack_to_array())
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238 ignore the upper nibble of the first byte, i.e., the 0xD signature is not
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239 enforced. However, this signature is always set correctly by gsmfr_pack_frame()
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240 and gsmfr_pack_from_array(), and also by gsmfr_0610_encode_frame() function
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241 which calls gsmfr_pack_frame() as its finishing step.
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242
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243 The last remaining stateless utility function performs SID classification of
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244 received GSM-FR frames:
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245
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246 int gsmfr_preproc_sid_classify(const uint8_t *frame);
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247
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248 This function analyzes an RTP-encoded FR frame (the upper nibble of the first
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249 byte is NOT checked for 0xD signature) for the SID codeword of GSM 06.12 and
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250 classifies the frame as SID=0, SID=1 or SID=2 per the rules of GSM 06.31
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251 section 6.1.1. This classification is the first processing step performed by
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252 gsmfr_preproc_good_frame().
299
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253
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254 Public constant definitions
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255 ===========================
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256
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257 Our public header file <tw_gsmfr.h> provides these constant definitions, which
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258 should be self-explanatory:
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259
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260 #define GSMFR_RTP_FRAME_LEN 33
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261 #define GSMFR_NUM_PARAMS 76
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262
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263 Public const data items
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264 =======================
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265
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 298
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266 There are two special GSM-FR frame bit patterns defined in the specs: there is
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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267 the silence frame of GSM 06.11, and there is the decoder homing frame specified
59751c8fc773 doc/FR1-library-API: finish in first pass
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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268 in later versions of GSM 06.10. RTP-packed representations of both frames are
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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269 included in libgsmfr2, and are made public:
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270
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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271 extern const uint8_t gsmfr_preproc_silence_frame[GSMFR_RTP_FRAME_LEN];
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 298
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272 extern const uint8_t gsmfr_decoder_homing_frame[GSMFR_RTP_FRAME_LEN];