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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Thu, 12 Sep 2024 21:56:29 +0000
parents bffbe80ffade
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bffbe80ffade doc/TRAU-UL-testing: article written
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 In order to conduct behavioral reverse eng of the historical TRAU we have in
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2 our lab (Nokia TCSM2), we will need to feed TRAU-UL frames to its Ater interface
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3 (first GSM 08.60 FR and EFR, then later GSM 08.61 HR), exercising various
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4 combinations of speech parameters and out-of-band control bits. In order to
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5 conduct these exercises, we need some test file formats of our own invention:
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6
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7 * The source format for human editing is ASCII-based, friendly toward arbitrary
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8 manipulation of speech parameters and flags. We call this ad hoc ASCII source
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9 format *.tsrc, for TRAU-UL source.
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10
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11 * trau-ul-compile program in the present code repository will compile these
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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12 *.tsrc source files into *.tul (TRAU-UL) binary format;
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13
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14 * The Ater test program in ice1-trau-tester repository will read binary frames
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15 from our ad hoc *.tul file format and turn them into actual TRAU-UL bits
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16 going to E1.
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17
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18 *.tul binary format
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19 ===================
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20
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21 Each frame (FR or EFR) is stored as a fixed record of 34 bytes. The format for
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22 FR is:
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23
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24 * 33 bytes of standard RTP format representing 260 bits of payload;
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25 * 1 byte of BFI+SID flags.
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26
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27 The format for EFR is:
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28
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29 * 31 bytes of standard RTP format representing 244 bits of payload;
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30 * 1 byte controlling CRC inversion;
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31 * 1 byte spare;
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32 * 1 byte of BFI+SID flags.
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33
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34 Because each *.tul record begins with an FR or EFR frame in standard RTP
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35 encoding, and the latter includes a signature (0xD or 0xC) in the upper nibble
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36 of the first byte, each *.tul record can be trivially checked if it is for FR
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37 or EFR testing.
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38
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39 Byte of BFI+SID flags
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40 ---------------------
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41
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42 Bit 0x80 is BFI, bits 0x03 are SID, the rest are reserved.
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43
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44 EFR CRC inversion control
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45 -------------------------
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46
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47 We can generate EFR TRAU-UL frames with either correct or inverted CRC.
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48 Furthermore, GSM 08.60 frame format for EFR has 5 separate CRC fields covering
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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49 different parts of the frame, and we can independently control the correct-or-
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50 inverted choice for each.
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51
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52 The CRC manipulation byte included in *.tul frames for EFR has 5 used and 3
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53 reserved bits. The 5 most significant bits correspond to the 5 CRC fields in
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54 GSM 08.60 frame format; control bit equal to 0 means send correct CRC, otherwise
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55 send inverted CRC.
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56
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57 ASCII source format
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58 ===================
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59
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60 Example for FR:
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61
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62 Frame_FR {
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63 LARc 9 23 15 8 7 3 3 2
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64 sf 40 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
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65 sf 40 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
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66 sf 40 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
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67 sf 40 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
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68 }
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69
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70 Example for EFR:
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71
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72 Frame_EFR {
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73 BFI 0
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74 LPC 4 47 180 144 62
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75 sf 342 11 0 1 15 1 13 0 3 0 3 0 3
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76 sf 54 1 8 8 5 8 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
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77 sf 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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78 sf 54 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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79 SID 0
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80 }
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81
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82 Each frame to be encoded must be given as a block beginning with "Frame_FR {"
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83 or "Frame_EFR {" opening line and closing with "}". The opening brace must be
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84 on the same line as the frame type keyword, and that line must have no other
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85 fields; the closing brace must be on its own line. (The actual parser is line-
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86 based, despite the appearance of braces.)
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87
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88 Each interior line shall consist of a keyword followed by numbers; the keyword
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89 indicates which part of the frame is being set. LARc for FR or LPC for EFR sets
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90 the frame-global speech parameters (8 for FR and 5 for EFR); sf sets subframe
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91 parameters. Every frame must have one LARc/LPC line and exactly 4 sf lines.
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92
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93 BFI and SID settings are optional. If BFI is not set, it defaults to 0; if SID
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94 is not set, it is computed from the speech parameters per standard bit counting
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95 rules of GSM 06.31 or 06.81 section 6.1.1.
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96
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97 For EFR only, there will also be an optional crc-inv setting that sets the CRC
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98 manipulation byte, defaulting to 0 (correct CRC).
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99
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100 Aside from the required line structure, white space (' ' and '\t') can appear
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101 anywhere and is ignored. '#' character introduces a comment, continuing to the
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102 end of the line.
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103
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104 All keywords are case-insensitive.