FreeCalypso > hg > tcs211-c139
annotate README @ 43:52325cb524a8
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author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@ivan.Harhan.ORG> |
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date | Thu, 05 Nov 2015 08:09:54 +0000 |
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1 This semi-source tree contains a hacked version of TI's TCS211 firmware that |
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2 has been made to run on the Motorola C139. Once the remaining bugs get shaken |
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3 out (there are still some crippling ones, so don't break out the champagne yet), |
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4 one will be able to replace Motorola's firmware in flash with this one and |
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5 *still be able to use the phone as an end user* - but now running firmware that |
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6 we build from source ourselves, one whose internals we know and understand and |
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7 which we can use a baseline for further functional improvements. |
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8 |
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9 Compiling |
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10 ========= |
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11 |
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12 Building the present firmware from semi-source requires using a Wine environment |
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13 to run TI's proprietary compiler toolchain and other build tools which exist |
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14 only as M$ Windows binaries. The necessary environment can be downloaded here: |
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15 |
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16 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/TI_src/wine/ |
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17 |
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18 You will also need the mokosrec2bin utility, which is needed for one of the |
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19 finishing steps in generating an image that can be usefully flashed into a C139: |
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20 |
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21 ftp://ftp.freecalypso.org/pub/GSM/GTA02/gsm-fw/mokosrec2bin.c |
12 | 22 |
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23 Once you have the necessary build tools installed, you should be able to |
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24 compile the present fw as follows: |
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25 |
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26 cd g23m |
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27 ./winebuild.sh |
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28 ./copyout.sh |
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29 |
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30 The build products will be in the g23m/mfw-build directory. mfw-build.progbin |
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31 is the flashable image, and the other files should be saved as documentation: |
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32 you should retain the COFF, map and str2ind.tab files that correspond exactly |
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33 to what you have flashed, so you can debug it later. |
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34 |
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35 Flashing: what goes where |
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36 ========================= |
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37 |
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38 WARNING: C139 phones are brickable! If you type the wrong command in |
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39 fc-loadtool, you can brick your phone *unrecoverably*! Flash sector 0 MUST at |
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40 all times contain working boot code that can successfully perform the following |
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41 functions: |
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42 |
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43 1. Check the headset jack UART for a possible serial download - if an external |
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44 host is requesting a serial code download, accept the serially loaded code |
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45 and jump to it. |
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46 |
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47 2. If no serial download is taking place, jump to the main fw image in the rest |
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48 of the flash for normal boot. |
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49 |
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50 Function (2) may differ depending on what main fw is to be used, but function |
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51 (1) is absolutely essential: if flash sector 0 is erased and not immediately |
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52 reprogrammed with working boot code, or if it gets programmed with some code |
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53 version that does not perform function (1), then all ability to take control of |
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54 the phone will be lost, and it will be forever stuck in one of two states: |
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55 |
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56 (a) If the boot code still performs function (2) and there happens to be a |
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57 working main fw image in the flash, the phone will be stuck with that fw |
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58 version forever, with no ability to reflash it or to load and execute any |
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59 code in RAM. |
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60 |
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61 (b) If the conditions of (a) above aren't met, the phone will be reduced to a |
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62 paperweight. There is no JTAG access on these phones, and the flash chip |
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63 is not only a micro-BGA, but also combined with SRAM in the same package. |
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64 Desoldering the flash+SRAM chip and replacing it with an externally |
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65 programmed one is not likely to be feasible, hence bricked really means |
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66 bricked. You've been warned! |
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67 |
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68 For FreeCalypso we've adopted our own version of the bootloader that performs |
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69 function (1) exactly like Mot/Compal's original (actually slightly better, as |
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70 we've removed the "1003" check, thus the inefficient -c 1003 fc-loadtool option |
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71 becomes unnecessary), but we've modified function (2): in Compal's original |
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72 design the main fw image starts at 0x2000 with the entry point at 0x20F8, |
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73 whereas in our arrangement the main fw image starts at 0x10000 with the entry |
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74 point at 0x10058. |
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75 |
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76 We've changed the starting address for the main fw image to coincide with the |
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77 physical flash erase block boundary and thereby reduce the bricking risk. If |
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78 we put our main fw image starting at 0x2000 like Mot/Compal did, we would have |
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79 to erase and reprogram flash sector 0 every time we would like to change the |
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80 main fw, incurring the risk of bricking the phone. But with our modified boot |
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81 code we only have to do it once, when a given phone is first transitioned from |
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82 Mot/Compal's original fw to one of ours. With subsequent reflashings from one |
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83 FreeCalypso fw version to another, we only need to reflash the main fw starting |
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84 at 0x10000, and leave flash sector 0 alone. |
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85 |
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86 Besides the main fw and the critical boot code, the flash houses two more |
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87 entities: the factory data block and the flash file system (FFS). |
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88 |
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89 Factory data block |
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90 ================== |
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91 |
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92 The 8 KiB flash sector at 0x3FC000 contains per-unit factory programming from |
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93 Motorola/Compal: RF calibration values, the unit's official IMEI and Cthulhu |
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94 knows what else. Unfortunately we haven't been able to parse this info beyond |
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95 a superficial level, hence we have no way to make use of any of this data. |
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96 But of course we should not erase or overwrite it, so we just leave this flash |
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97 sector alone. |
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98 |
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99 Flash file system |
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100 ================= |
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101 |
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102 Because Mot/Compal had moved their IMEI and RF calibration values into their |
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103 own proprietary format, these juicy items are NOT found in the FFS maintained |
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104 by the original firmware. Instead the original fw's FFS contains only dynamic |
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105 state and user data, hence it is of no use to us. We have adopted a different |
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106 flash location for our FFS from that used by Mot/Compal's fw in order to prevent |
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107 any possible cross-contamination, and you will need to manually initialize this |
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108 aftermarket FFS the first time you install FreeCalypso firmware on your C139. |
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109 |
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110 Flashing procedure |
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111 ================== |
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112 |
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113 If you are not scared off by all of the above and you still wish to try this |
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114 experimental fw on your C139, you can install it as follows: |
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115 |
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116 1. Connect to the phone with fc-loadtool, preceded by tfc139 if necessary - |
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117 see loadtools documentation. |
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118 |
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119 2. If the C139 in question does not already have some other FreeCalypso fw |
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120 version in its flash, replace the bootloader: |
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121 |
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122 loadtool> flash erase-program-boot compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin |
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123 |
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124 (compal-flash-boot-for-fc.bin is our modified bootloader version, and it is |
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125 built from one of Compal's versions via binary patching in the freecalypso-sw |
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126 source tree.) |
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127 |
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128 Optional step: If your serial cable setup supports the special GSM high baud |
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129 rates, you can speed the process up by issuing a baud 406250 or baud 812500 |
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130 command at this point. |
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131 |
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132 3. Flash the main fw image: |
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134 loadtool> flash erase 10000 290000 |
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135 loadtool> flash program-bin 10000 mfw-build.progbin |
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136 |
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137 Or you can use the supplied nifty loadtool command script: |
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138 |
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139 loadtool> exec ./flash-mfw |
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140 |
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141 The current directory must be g23m for the script method to work. |
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142 |
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143 4. Erase the sectors where our firmware's non-volatile flash file system |
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144 (aftermarket FFS configuration) will reside: |
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145 |
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146 loadtool> flash erase 3C0000 30000 |
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147 |
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148 5. Cleanly end your fc-loadtool session, which will power the phone off: |
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149 |
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150 loadtool> exit |
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151 |
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152 FFS initialization |
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153 ================== |
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154 |
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155 The first time you boot your C139 after the above flashing procedure, the phone |
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156 should have no SIM in it. Firmwares built with UI enabled (like the present) |
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157 automatically fire up GSM functionality and try to connect to a network |
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158 immediately upon boot if a SIM is present, and you don't want to do that on |
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159 your first boot: at this point your phone has *no* IMEI and no working FFS at |
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160 all. When the fw boots up without a SIM, it still enables the part of the GSM |
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161 radio protocol stack that looks for usable cells, in anticipation of the |
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162 possibility that the user may need to make an emergency call, but it never |
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163 transmits anything in this state (Tx fully off) unless you do dial that |
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164 emergency call. |
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165 |
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166 So take the SIM out before you start the reflashing procedure, and then boot |
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167 the SIM-less phone afterward. You should see a message on the LCD that reads |
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168 "Insert SIM". But instead of inserting a SIM, you should run the fc-fsio |
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169 utility from FreeCalypso host tools at this point. Plug the serial cable back |
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170 in if you unplugged it, and run fc-fsio: |
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171 |
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172 fc-fsio -p /dev/ttyXXX |
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173 |
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174 (Omit the -p argument if you already have rvinterf running for fc-fsio to |
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175 connect to.) |
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176 |
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177 Then issue the following commands: |
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178 |
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179 fsio> format / |
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180 fsio> mk-std-dirs |
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181 fsio> set-imeisv fc XXXXXXXX-YYYYYY-ZZ (punctuation optional, place anywhere) |
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182 fsio> set-rfcap dual-eu (if you have 900+1800 MHz hardware) |
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183 or |
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184 fsio> set-rfcap dual-us (if you have 850+1900 MHz hardware) |
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185 |
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186 Yes, you need to set your own IMEISV. The official one is stored in the factory |
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187 data block, but we don't know how to parse it, so it effectively does not exist |
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188 for us. It is entirely up to you whether you set the same IMEI as the official |
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189 one or a different one: our fw has no psychic powers to compare. Unless you |
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190 have reason to do otherwise though, the default should be to keep the original |
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191 IMEI. It is not clear what Mot/Compal's fw puts in the SV digits, so just put |
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192 00 in there if you don't feel like inventing version numbers. |
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193 |
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194 The set-rfcap command is necessary because our fw does not know otherwise |
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195 whether your C139 is the 900+1800 MHz version or 1900+850 MHz. If you don't |
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196 write a /gsm/com/rfcap file with this command, the fw defaults to quadband |
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197 (the part of the fw where this default is effected is a binary blob in the |
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198 present version) and will waste time scanning frequencies which it can't |
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199 receive because the corresponding RF transceiver input is unconnected |
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200 (unsupported high band) or because they are blocked by a SAW filter |
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201 (unsupported low band). |
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202 |
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203 After you have initialized your new aftermarket FFS with fc-fsio per the above, |
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204 exit fc-fsio and power your phone off: hold the power button down until a TI |
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205 logo appears on the LCD, then release the button; the phone will power off |
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206 shortly, and you'll know it's off when the LCD turns off. Now you can insert |
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207 a SIM and boot again - this time the phone should be live! |
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208 |
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209 Limitations |
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210 =========== |
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211 |
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212 * The present fw has been built from a semi-src (half source, half binary |
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213 objects) TI firmware release which was made for some manufacturer that made |
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214 GSM/GPRS modems, rather than voice handsets, hence the present configuration |
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215 is unfortunately highly suboptimal for our use case. The entire mass of code |
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216 supporting CSD, fax and GPRS data services is included and cannot be removed |
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217 because that part of the fw is in binary blobs, but all this code is pure dead |
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218 weight in the present configuration: the phone UI layer won't make any use of |
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219 data functionality (nowhere near enough resources on this hw to implement a |
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220 WAP browser or MMS), and because we had to give up the standard AT command |
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221 channel (see next point), the option of having the phone dual-function as a |
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222 laptop-tethered modem is not available either. |
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223 |
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224 * TI's full-featured phone firmwares allow the phone to dual-function as a |
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225 modem, so one could connect the phone to a laptop and make a CSD call or use |
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226 GPRS. But they were designed to make use of two UARTs, one for the classic |
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227 AT command interface and the other for their RVTMUX debug/calibration/etc |
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228 interface. Unfortunately though, our present target hw has only one UART |
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229 practically accessible (Calypso's MODEM UART brought out on the headset jack), |
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230 and we absolutely need the debug interface, thus the classic AT command |
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231 interface had to be sacrificed. One can still issue AT commands over RVTMUX |
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232 with FreeCalypso host utility fc-shell, but this mechanism works only for |
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233 voice and SMS commands, not CSD or GPRS. Hence the data functions of the fw |
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234 remain unusable dead weight. :( |
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235 |
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236 * The headset functionality of the headset jack is also unavailable: because we |
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237 need to be able to use the debug interface at all times, we always keep the |
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238 electrically-controlled switch in the state that connects the headset jack to |
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239 the UART (presenting RVTMUX) instead of the audio circuits. |
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240 |
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241 * Because we don't know how to grok Mot/Compal's factory data block, our fw |
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242 currently runs UNCALIBRATED. It may have difficulty connecting to networks |
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243 if it can't acquire the frequency burst lacking VCXO calibration, and the Tx |
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244 power levels are almost certainly wrong (out of spec) - BEWARE! |
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245 |
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246 * The only 3 display configurations for which TI produced demo/prototype UI in |
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247 their chipset reference firmware are 84x48 pix monochrome, 176x220 pix |
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248 monochrome and 176x220 pix full color. We have a 96x64 pix LCD on the C139, |
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249 hence we are using TI's 84x48 UI design until we can create one that makes |
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250 use of the slightly larger 96x64 screen. However, TI had that 84x48 LCD on |
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251 their C-Sample and earlier platforms (*very* old), and as we discovered |
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252 empirically, the support for this 84x48 display config is already bitrotten |
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253 in the source tree we got, which officially targets TI's D-Sample and Leonardo |
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254 boards. |
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255 |
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256 At first the C-Sample UI configuration did not even compile. We got it to |
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257 compile by fixing it in a way that *seemed* right, but when we run this |
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258 resurrected C-Sample UI on our C139 hardware, one can plainly see that the UI |
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259 is still defective, as the expected output on the LCD is mixed with garbage. |
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260 We will need to delve into the UI code in more depth in order to really fix it |
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261 to where the display will be readable without garbage. |
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262 |
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263 * Battery charging has not been tried yet. It most likely won't work without |
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264 additional fixes. |