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doc/Use-outside-USA: Fake-NANP-numbers article is here
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 27 Nov 2023 21:49:19 -0800
parents c78b8d6ce885
children
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1 Database of locally owned numbers
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2 =================================
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3
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4 The database of locally owned phone numbers is a ThemWi-invented ad hoc data
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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5 structure that is absolutely required for ThemWi system sw to work. The human-
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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6 edited ASCII source form of this database resides in /var/gsm/number-db2 and
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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7 its compiled binary form resides in /var/gsm/number-db2.bin, compiled with
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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8 themwi-update-numdb2 utility. (The "db2" in file and utility names refers to
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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9 database version 2, which is the current version.) This database contains two
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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10 types of entries:
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11
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12 1) Locally owned 10-digit NANP numbers;
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13 2) Internally defined 4-digit short numbers.
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14
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15 NANP number ownership information
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16 =================================
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17
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18 ThemWi system sw is written with the assumption that the local instance operator
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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19 obtains (rents) real NANP phone numbers from a provider such as BulkVS and
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20 assigns these numbers to individual GSM subscribers in OsmoHLR. However, in
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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21 order for ThemWi system sw to work correctly, there is one more step needed:
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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22 each locally owned number (i.e., each NANP number you rent from BulkVS or
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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23 whoever your upstream is) needs to be entered into ThemWi local number database.
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24
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25 The step of obtaining (a batch of) NANP phone numbers from your SIP trunk
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26 provider and the step of assigning individual numbers to specific GSM
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27 subscribers (by way of OsmoHLR subscriber database) are almost always separated
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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28 in time: as an operator, you will typically obtain a batch of TNs (telephone
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29 numbers) in one go, and from the perspective of your upstream, all of these TNs
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30 route to your server. How you then assign them to GSM subscribers (make them
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31 into MSISDNs associated with IMSIs) is your own business, and you can change
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32 these associations any time you like, without affecting your interconnection
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33 with your PSTN upstream.
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34
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35 ThemWi local number database needs to list all TNs (10-digit NANP numbers) that
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36 are currently owned by your local fiefdom, irrespective of whether or not they
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37 are assigned to a GSM subscriber. If a given TN belongs to your local fiefdom
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38 in the sense that the global worldwide PSTN will direct any incoming calls to
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39 this TN to your server, but you haven't assigned it to a GSM subscriber yet,
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40 ThemWi system sw still needs to know that this number is locally owned: call
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41 attempts to that TN should never be sent to the outbound gateway, in particular.
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42
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43 Owned NANP number entry syntax
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44 ------------------------------
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45
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46 By way of example, suppose that a set of telephone numbers in the range
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47 310-555-01XX is yours - how do you enter them into /var/gsm/number-db2? You
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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48 have a choice of two syntax forms:
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49
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50 1) If you have many numbers in the same NPA-NXX prefix (as in the present
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51 example), you can enter them using this syntax:
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52
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53 prefix 310-555 [allow-abbrev]
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54
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55 suffix 0101
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56 suffix 0102
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57 suffix 0103
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58 ...
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59
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60 In this form, all owned TNs under the same prefix are clearly grouped together,
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61 and you have the option of allowing abbreviations - if you wish to allow
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62 abbreviated 4-digit dialing, add 'allow-abbrev' keyword to the prefix line.
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63 When abbreviations are enabled, each suffix line not only creates an entry in
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64 the owned-NANP portion of the local number database, but also adds an entry to
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65 the list of defined 4-digit short dialing numbers, mapping to the corresponding
272
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66 full number - see Local-short-numbers article.
269
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67
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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68 2) If you have individual 10-digit NANP numbers that don't form a neat group
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69 under a single NPA-NXX prefix, you can enter them using this alternative
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70 syntax for single numbers:
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71
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72 full10 310-123-5678
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73 full10 216-555-0166
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74 full10 949-011-1234
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75 ...
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76
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77 (The example uses invalid NANP numbers, whereas in actual usage you have to
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78 enter real valid ones - but the syntax is the same.) With this number entry
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79 method, there is no possibility of allow-abbrev: no 4-digit short dialing number
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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80 is created, and the owned NANP number in question can only be dialed in full
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81 10-digit form.
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82
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83 The given syntax examples for prefix and full10 lines use hyphens. These
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84 hyphens are optional and can be placed anywhere in the number - but we recommend
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85 following the standard notation for NANP numbers.
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86
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87 NANP number usage information
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88 =============================
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89
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90 The entry formats given above provide only number ownership information: they
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91 tell ThemWi system sw which NANP numbers belong in the local fiefdom (all listed
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92 numbers) and which ones don't (the remaining space of all other possible NANP
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93 numbers outside listed ones). However, this number ownership information does
ff1ed366c84d doc/Number-database: first draft written
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94 not include any usage or assignment information, and this additional info needs
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95 to be provided via number attributes.
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96
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97 If number ownership information is entered exactly as shown in the examples
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98 above, without any additional attributes, ThemWi system sw will treat each of
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99 its owned numbers as being unassigned: any call attempts to that number, from
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100 the inside or from the outside, will return "unassigned number" error to the
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101 caller in the form of GSM CC cause value or SIP error code. When locally owned
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102 numbers are assigned to GSM subscribers, a 'gsm-sub' attribute needs to be added
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103 to each thus-assigned number; following the already given examples, the new
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104 syntax becomes:
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105
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106 prefix 310-555 [allow-abbrev]
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107
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108 suffix 0101 gsm-sub
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109 suffix 0102 gsm-sub
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110 suffix 0103 gsm-sub
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111
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112 full10 310-123-5678 gsm-sub
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113 full10 216-555-0166 gsm-sub
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114 full10 949-011-1234 gsm-sub
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115 ...
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116
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117 Note the absence of indication as to which GSM subscriber each number is
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118 assigned to: when ThemWi system sw sees that the called number is assigned to
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119 gsm-sub usage, it sends the call to OsmoMSC, which will then look for a
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120 connected subscriber whose MSISDN equals the called party number. The mapping
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121 from phone numbers to specific subscribers as in IMSIs thus happens by way of
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122 OsmoHLR subscriber database, just like in "bare" Osmocom CNI setups without
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123 ThemWi system sw.
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124
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125 Alias numbers
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126 -------------
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127
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128 ThemWi system sw supports the notion of alias or redirecting numbers. Suppose
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129 you have a single GSM subscriber who needs to be reachable at more than one NANP
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130 number - for example, someone who got a native ThemWi number (from BulkVS etc)
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131 at one point in time, but then ported their number from some national carrier
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132 (of evil 2G-killing kind) to BulkVS/ThemWi - how to make the same GSM subscriber
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133 reachable via both numbers? Each GSM subscriber has a primary MSISDN (phone
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134 number) that is configured in OsmoHLR: this number is returned by *#100# query,
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135 and appears as the "from" number on all outgoing calls. Any additional numbers
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136 that should route to the same subscriber need to be handled via ThemWi alias
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137 number facility, i.e., handled at ThemWi system sw level rather than at OsmoCNI
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138 level.
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139
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140 The syntax for entering alias numbers is as follows (using example fake numbers
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141 from above):
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142
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143 prefix 310-555 [allow-abbrev]
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144 suffix 0123 map-to 216-555-0166
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145
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146 or
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147
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148 full10 310-555-0123 map-to 216-555-0166
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149
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150 In this example the "native" number of the GSM subscriber is 216-555-0166, but
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151 alias number 310-555-0123 is configured to route to the same subscriber. In the
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152 case of full10 number lines, the map-to target number must always be entered in
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153 full 10-digit notation just like the alias number; in the case of prefix and
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154 suffix lines, the map-to target number can be either a full 10-digit number or
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155 a 4-digit number in the same prefix.
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156
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157 Irrespective of entry notation used, every map-to target number must be a
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158 locally owned NANP number (cannot be an outside number) of gsm-sub usage type,
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159 i.e., some local GSM subscriber's primary number.
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160
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161 Additional number flags for SMS and E911
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162 ========================================
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163
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164 The following additional flags can be set on each locally owned NANP number's
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165 suffix or full10 line:
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166
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167 e911 This flag indicates that the number in question is provisioned for E911
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168 at the level of BulkVS or whoever is the upstream provider from whom
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169 the number is rented. Having a number provisioned for E911 (which costs
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170 additional money every month) means that emergency 911 calls can be sent
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171 to that PSTN-via-SIP provider with this number as source or "from",
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172 without paying a hefty fine for an unprovisioned E911 call.
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173
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174 sms This flag indicates that the number in question is provisioned for
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175 outside SMS connectivity, meaning that it is possible to send SMS to
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176 the outside world with this number as source or "from".
272
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177
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178 Local short number entries
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179 ==========================
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180
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181 In addition to entries that list locally owned NANP numbers, there are other
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182 types of entry in the master number database source file that list ITNs
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183 (internal test numbers) and test sinks. These entries are described in
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184 Local-short-numbers article.
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185
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186 Compiled binary format and updates
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187 ==================================
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188
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189 The human-edited ASCII source form of the just-described number database,
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190 located in /var/gsm/number-db2 master file, is read only by themwi-update-numdb2
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191 utility and no other programs. This utility reads the ASCII source form of the
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192 number database, parses it with some basic validation, and compiles it into a
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193 binary format that is designed for fast lookups and read by long-running ThemWi
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194 processes. The compiled binary form of the number database resides in
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195 /var/gsm/number-db2.bin, and the latter file is always updated via an atomic
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196 rename mechanism: themwi-update-numdb2 first writes out a temporary file named
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197 number-db2.newbin, then renames it to number-db2.bin, making the new version
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198 live.
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199
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200 Long-running ThemWi server processes perform stat(2) checks on this file as part
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201 of call setup or SMS admission processing, and if they notice that the binary
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202 database file has changed, they read the new version.