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annotate doc/FC-aftermarket-intro @ 22:873d5f33e8f3

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doc: beginning with FC-aftermarket-intro
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sun, 11 Jun 2023 06:18:53 +0000
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 Running FreeCalypso in aftermarket configurations - introduction
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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2 ================================================================
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3
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4 In the context of FreeCalypso family of projects, the term "aftermarket
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5 configurations" means running FC firmware on alien hardware, primarily Motorola
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6 C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10, as opposed to proper FreeCalypso development boards.
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7 Running our firmware on alien hw in aftermarket configs is NOT the primary
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8 direction in FreeCalypso, has never been and never will be - however, such
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9 aftermarket configs are supported to a limited extent, and have been so for a
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10 long time. The reasons for our continued support of aftermarket configs are as
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11 follows:
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12
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13 1] Even when you do have proper FreeCalypso hardware such as FCDEV3B, physical
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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14 portability is a concern. Development boards such as FCDEV3B and
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15 Caramel/Luna are made to be used on a lab bench, complete with an ESD mat,
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16 a multi-board arrangement with ribbon cables and a dedicated power supply.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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17 OTOH, a simple old phone of either Mot C1xx or Pirelli DP-L10 kind is an item
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18 which you can easily take with you anywhere. Pirelli DP-L10 is ideal for
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19 this purpose, thanks to its use of USB for both charging and host computer
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20 connection, but even when you have to use Mot C1xx instead (because you don't
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21 have a Pirelli phone, or because you need to do some work in the GSM850 band
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22 that isn't supported on the Pirelli), it is still far more portable than a
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23 "fully proper" development board setup.
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24
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25 2] Those GSM enthusiasts and tinkerers who come from Osmocom background are
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26 typically very familiar with Motorola C1xx phones, and typically already have
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27 such hardware. Making it possible to run FreeCalypso firmware on that hw,
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28 and making it as easy as possible, opens the door into our FreeCalypso
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29 sorority for that target audience.
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30
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31 However, it is important to point out that the combination of running
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32 FreeCalypso fw on alien hw has significant limitations, compared to both
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33 standard end user phones and traditional modem development boards, and these
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34 limitations need to be covered from both directions.
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35
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36 Lack of end user phone functionality
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37 ====================================
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38
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39 In its current state as of this writing (mid-2023), our FreeCalypso firmware is
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40 NOT capable of functioning as an end user phone! You *cannot* take a Motorola
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41 or Pirelli phone, reflash it to FC and expect to continue using it as an end
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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42 user phone in that state - our firmware just isn't there. We do have a
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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43 minimally-passing functional configuration that runs as an untethered phone,
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44 with a UI layer that draws on the LCD and accepts control via the keypad, but:
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45
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46 * The smallbw configuration of this handset UI (which is the only config we can
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47 run on aftermarket phones) is badly bitrotten and functionally broken compared
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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48 to the bigcolor config - and the latter requires custom FreeCalypso hw that
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49 currently exists only as a very messy multi-board arrangement for lab bench
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50 use.
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51
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52 * Even the better bigcolor config, exercised on our Luna development platform,
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53 is still very unpolished, far from an end user product, and smallbw is even
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54 worse.
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55
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56 Of all aftermarket phone targets, the only hw model for which we have any
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57 UI-enabled firmware build at all is C139: for that one model we have a
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58 buildable, flashable and runable smallbw firmware configuration. (The physical
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59 LCD on C139 is color, but because it is only 96x64 pixels, compared to 176x220
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60 needed for bigcolor UI config, we run smallbw instead - a UI config derived by
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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61 slightly extending TI's C-Sample UI design, which was 84x48 pix B&W.)
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62
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63 Our prebuilt C1xx firmware packages include this smallbw firmware for C139, and
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64 you can flash it into your phone using the present fc-am-toolkit. However, that
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65 firmware should be treated as a preview of what may some day become possible,
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66 NOT as a practically usable solution - you've been warned!
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67
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68 Aside from the just-described preview of maybe-some-day UI-enabled aftermarket
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69 fw for C139, the much more actively supported FreeCalypso aftermarket firmware
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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70 configuration is voice pseudo-modem, or VPM for short. FreeCalypso VPM firmware
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71 configs are available for all 4 aftermarket hw targets: all 3 subfamilies of
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72 Motorola C1xx, plus Pirelli DP-L10.
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73
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74 When you run FC VPM firmware on a phone (on Mot C1xx it needs to be flashed, on
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75 Pirelli DP-L10 it runs in RAM without flashing), the phone's display stays dark
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76 and its buttons do nothing - there is no hw-model-specific LCD driver code
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77 included in the fw, hence we have no ability to display anything, and there is
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78 no handset UI layer included in the functional config, hence even though we do
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79 have a driver for the keypad, there is no action to be taken on button presses
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80 other than to emit debug traces indicating such. Instead the phone turns into
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81 a modem-like device that needs to be controlled via AT commands from the
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82 connected host computer - hence the name VPM.
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83
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84 VPM compared to proper TI/FreeCalypso modems
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85 ============================================
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86
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87 On traditional modem development boards going back to near the beginning of TI's
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88 GSM chipset program, and on Calypso-based finished modem products such as the
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89 embedded GSM modem in Openmoko GTA01/02 smartphones, or Huawei GTM900 or iWOW
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90 TR-800, there are two Calypso UARTs brought out, not just one. With traditional
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91 TI-family modem firmware, Calypso MODEM UART presents a classic ASCII AT command
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92 interface, complete with CSD, GPRS and GSM 07.10 MUX, while the other Calypso
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93 UART (called IrDA UART in hw terms, even when no actual IrDA is used) presents
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94 TI's debug, development and factory production tools interface called RVTMUX.
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95
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96 FreeCalypso VPM is different in that on all of our aftermarket Calypso hw
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97 targets (Mot C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10), there is only one UART practically
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98 accessible. In FreeCalypso we've adopted TI's RVTMUX interface, we make very
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99 heavy use of it, so we are not giving it up. Instead our VPM firmware
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100 sacrifices the traditional all-ASCII AT command channel. The AT command
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101 interface to control the GSM MS is still there, but it is encapsulated inside
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102 RVTMUX binary packets, and unless you are going to develop your own custom
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103 software speaking this protocol, you need to use FreeCalypso tools rvinterf and
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104 fc-shell to talk AT commands to FC VPM firmware.
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105
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106 Two major areas of GSM MS functionality that are sacrificed in this arrangement
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107 are CSD and GPRS. In our TI-inherited firmware architecture these two
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108 functional components are optional, i.e., they can be included or excluded in a
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109 given firmware build, and we set both of them to disabled in our VPM config.
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110
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111 If one were to enable CSD and/or GPRS in a VPM fw build (once upon a time we had
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112 both enabled, when we were using a binary-only version of the protocol stack,
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113 with blobs preventing us from changing config options), the resulting firmware
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114 components will be dead weight, with no ability to make use of them. In TI's
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115 architecture both CSD and GPRS (outside of high-end feature phone configs with
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116 built-in TCP/IP, WAP and MMS) are meant to hook up to the AT command interface
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117 on the dedicated MODEM UART, complete with data modes, and that part is lost in
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118 our VPM arrangement. Therefore, as soon as we deblobbed our protocol stack and
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119 regained the ability to change its configuration, we adopted our current
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120 approach of building VPM firmware configs with CSD and GPRS excluded.
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121
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122 Still useful despite the limitations
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123 ====================================
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124
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125 Despite all of its limitations, FreeCalypso VPM firmware running in aftermarket
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126 configurations on Mot C1xx and Pirelli DP-L10 is still useful enough to justify
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127 keeping it around, and doing efforts like the present fc-am-toolkit package that
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128 aim to make it more accessible to GSM hobbyists, enthusiasts and tinkerers.
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129 With FreeCalypso VPM, you can connect to a GSM network as a subscriber using a
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130 GSM MS implementation for which you have full source code, as opposed to the
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131 usual black box, and you can see everything it does. By watching the debug
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132 trace in the rvinterf terminal window or log file, you can observe the MS
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133 searching for the network, all of its registration attempts, and then idle mode
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134 - you can see how the MS wakes up to listen on PCH, as well as neighbour cell
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135 measurements and cell reselection. You can then make test calls and see
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136 everything that happens: RACH process, entry into dedicated mode with IMM ASS,
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137 subsequent channel assignments or handovers, speech codec selection made by the
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138 network etc. Whichever area you are interested in, you can study that part of
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139 the source, enable additional traces or make better understanding of the
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140 existing ones, and even new functionality can be implemented as needed.