annotate doc/User-oriented-commands @ 69:d4058ae94749

doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Mon, 15 Feb 2021 02:01:01 +0000
parents cc48ac3b151c
children 8dee7aa9ec58
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 This document describes those commands and functions of fc-simtool which can be
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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2 exercised by end users on any regular operator-issued SIM, without requiring a
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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3 special programmable SIM with admin privileges. The Mother's plans for future
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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4 development include a companion fc-simint utility that will operate on SIM cards
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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5 inside Calypso phones; the intent is that all of the end-user-oriented commands
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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6 of fc-simtool described in this document will also be replicated in fc-simint.
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7
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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8 Understanding SIM PIN1
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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9 ======================
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10
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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11 Every standard SIM card has a secret code called PIN1; this secret code can be
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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12 anywhere between 4 and 8 digits in length, with 4-digit PINs being most common.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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13 In terms of persistent non-volatile state, SIM PIN1 can be enabled or disabled.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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14 When SIM PIN1 is disabled, all regular functions of the card are enabled, as in
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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15 being able to power up the phone with the SIM in it and connect to the GSM
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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16 network with your subscriber identity, and being able to read and write SIM user
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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17 data content like phonebooks and stored messages - all of these functions are
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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18 enabled from the moment you turn on the phone with the SIM in it (or power the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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19 SIM up by itself in a smart card "reader" driven by fc-simtool), without the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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20 user ever being asked for a PIN, such that you can forget that the PIN even
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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21 exists - this situation in very common nowadays. But when SIM PIN1 is enabled,
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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22 the smart chip in the SIM will not allow you access to any of the data stored
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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23 on the card and will not allow any GSM authentication operations until and
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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24 unless you send the correct PIN to the SIM in the VERIFY CHV command.
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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25
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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26 If you forgot your PIN1, the only way to reset it is to enter another secret
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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27 code (always 8 digits in length) called PUK1. If the SIM is made according to
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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28 standards, then its PUK1 is set to a random number during either physical
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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29 manufacturing or administrative programming of the card and then remains
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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30 unchangeable afterward. Therefore, in an ideal world if someone forgot their
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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31 PIN1 and don't have their PUK1 either, they should be able to obtain PUK1 from
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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32 the cellular operator who issued the SIM - but whether or not today's operators
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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33 will actually help such hapless users (without forcing them to get a new SIM)
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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34 is another question altogether. PUK1 is often printed on the big (credit-card-
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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35 sized) plastic piece on which SIM cards are initially delivered - but it doesn't
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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36 help if you originally got your SIM many ages ago and no longer have that
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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37 souvenir plastic piece.
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38
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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39 The standard protocol for communicating with SIM cards provides 5 special
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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40 commands that are dedicated to working with PIN1, and so does fc-simtool:
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41
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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42 verify-pin1 XXXX
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43
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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44 This command tells the SIM that you are attempting to prove knowledge
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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45 of PIN1, presenting a string of digits. If the PIN digits you specify match
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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46 the PIN1 secret code stored inside the SIM, the card unlocks access to its
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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47 primary functions. If the digits you send are wrong, the SIM decrements its
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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48 non-volatile attempt counter, giving you a total of 3 attempts (irrespective of
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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49 card power-downs between attempts) to enter the correct PIN. If PIN1 is entered
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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50 incorrectly 3 times in a row, this PIN is blocked, and the only way to unblock
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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51 it is via PUK1.
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52
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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53 enable-pin1 XXXX
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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54
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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55 This command changes the non-volatile state of the PIN1 enable/disable flag,
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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56 such that from now on the SIM will require PIN1 to be provided on every card
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57 power-up before it will allow GSM authentication and access to user data. The
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58 enable-pin1 operation itself requires correct PIN1 digits to be provided.
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59
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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60 disable-pin1 XXXX
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61
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62 This command changes the non-volatile state of the PIN1 enable/disable flag,
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63 such that from now on the SIM will NOT require PIN1 to be provided on every
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64 card power-up, and will instead be live immediately without needing proof of
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65 card owner's identity. The disable-pin1 operation itself requires correct PIN1
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66 digits to be provided.
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67
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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68 change-pin1 old-PIN new-PIN
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69
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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70 This command tells the SIM that you wish to change PIN1 secret code to some new
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71 digits. Knowledge of the old PIN1 is required for this operation to succeed.
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72
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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73 unblock-pin1 PUK1-secret-code new-PIN1
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74
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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75 This command tells the SIM that you are attempting to prove knowledge
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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76 of PUK1 and to set new PIN1. If PUK1 is given correctly, the new PIN1 will be
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77 set. If you enter wrong PUK1, the SIM decrements its non-volatile attempt
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78 counter, giving you a total of 10 attempts (irrespective of card power-downs
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79 between attempts) to enter the correct code. If PUK1 is entered incorrectly 10
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80 times in a row, it is blocked and the card should be considered bricked beyond
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81 recovery.
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82
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83 Understanding SIM PIN2
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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84 ======================
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85
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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86 GSM standards provide support for a very rarely used feature that works in the
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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87 spirit of "parental controls": if you authenticate to the SIM with PIN2 secret
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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88 code (which has to be different from PIN1 for meaningful security), you can
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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89 edit a SIM-resident list of so-called Fixed Dialing Numbers (FDN), and then all
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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90 standard phones that implement this feature per the spec will refuse to allow
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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91 ordinary users (authenticated with PIN1 or with no PIN at all) to call any
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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92 numbers other than those programmed in FDN.
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93
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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94 This whole "parental control" feature is totally silly and is not expected to be
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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95 of any practical use, but the whole purpose of fc-simtool is to allow every
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96 feature of SIM cards to be exercised, hence we provide the necessary support.
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97 The following commands work just like their PIN1 counterparts:
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98
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99 verify-pin2 XXXX
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100 change-pin2 old-PIN new-PIN
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101 unblock-pin2 PUK2-secret-code new-PIN2
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102
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103 Unlike PIN1, PIN2 cannot be disabled per traditional SIM card standards.
65
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104
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105 Getting basic info from the SIM
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106 ===============================
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107
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108 The following commands are available for retrieving basic info from the SIM:
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109
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110 iccid
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111
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112 This command retrieves the ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card ID) record from the
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113 SIM - it is a number of up to 20 digits (although 19-digit ICCIDs are most
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114 common) that identifies the SIM card as a physical artifact. If your SIM is of
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115 the traditional operator-issued kind, as opposed to a developer-oriented
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116 programmable SIM from vendors like Sysmocom who have different ideas, this ICCID
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117 will usually be the SIM card ID number printed on the physical plastic, along
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118 with a barcode representation of the same number.
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119
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120 imsi
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121
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122 This command retrieves the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) from
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123 the SIM - it is the most fundamental ID token by which GSM phones present
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124 themselves to networks, and they even use the first 5 or 6 digits of the IMSI
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125 to decide which network they should try connecting to first.
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126
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127 sst
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128
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129 Every SIM card is required to have an essential data record (an EF in technical
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130 terms) called the SIM Service Table, or SST. This SST indicates which services
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131 are allocated and activated on the given SIM. Our sst command lists all
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132 allocated service numbers, listing just a plain number if the service is both
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133 allocated and activated (the usual case), or a number with a '^' suffix if the
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134 service is allocated but not activated. You will need to look in the 3GPP TS
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135 51.011 spec to make sense of these service numbers.
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136
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137 user-sum
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138
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139 This command displays a user-friendly summary of user-oriented services present
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140 on the SIM. It reads SST to get the list of available and activated services,
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141 but it considers only user-oriented ones (as opposed to SIM services dealing
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142 with GSM network functions or serving operators' interests rather than users'),
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143 and it displays them in a user-friendly manner. For each present SIM phonebook
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144 (ADN, FDN, SDN) and for the SMS store, user-sum displays the storage capacity
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145 provided by the SIM (number of phonebook entries or messages), and for each of
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146 the various phonebooks, the allocated number of alpha tag bytes is also
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147 displayed.
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148
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149 The number of bytes allocated for the alpha tag in SIM phonebooks determines
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150 the maximum length of the name field in each phonebook entry. These name fields
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151 can be written either in GSM7 encoding (GSM 03.38 aka 3GPP 23.038) or in UCS-2;
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152 when GSM7 encoding is used, no SMS-style septet packing is applied - instead the
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153 high bit of each byte is simply cleared. Therefore, the maximum number of
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154 characters in a phonebook entry name field usually equals the number of bytes
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155 allocated for the alpha tag on the SIM, except for names containing ASCII
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156 characters [\]^ and {|}~ which get expanded to 2-character escape sequences in
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diff changeset
157 GSM7 encoding.
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158
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159 uicc-dir
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160
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161 If your SIM card functions not only as a classic GSM 11.11 SIM, but also as a
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162 UICC with USIM/ISIM or other UICC-based applications, it will have a file named
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diff changeset
163 EF_DIR in its file system, listing those applications. fc-simtool uicc-dir
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164 command dumps the content of this file in a human-readable form - but please
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165 note that fc-simtool only speaks the classic GSM 11.11 protocol to the SIM, and
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166 not the UICC protocol. EF_DIR does not officially exist in the classic GSM SIM
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167 spec, hence the dir command in fc-uicc-tool (speaking the UICC protocol) is the
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168 official way to read and dump the content of EF_DIR.
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169
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170 Manipulating SIM phonebooks
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171 ===========================
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172
69
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173 GSM SIM specs allow for several different phonebooks to be present on the card:
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174
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175 * ADN (Abbreviated Dialing Numbers) is the main SIM phonebook. Each SIM card
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176 issuer decides how much storage space they allocate to ADN (how many records);
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177 the SIM spec maximum is 254 records, and many issuers' SIMs do provide this
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
178 many records or close to this limit.
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179
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180 * FDN (Fixed Dialing Numbers) is the "parental control" phonebook. The FDN
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181 phonebook can only be written to after authenticating with PIN2, and when it
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182 is enabled (enabling FDN is done by "invalidating" ADN, an operation which
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183 also requires PIN2), spec-compliant phones allow only numbers in FDN to be
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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parents: 65
diff changeset
184 called.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
185
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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186 * SDN (Service Dialing Numbers) is a service-provider-controlled phonebook: it
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187 can only be written if you have special admin privileges (ADM authentication
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188 method is card-vendor-dependent), and it is read-only to ordinary users.
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diff changeset
189
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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190 * MBDN (Mailbox Dialing Numbers) is a late addition to GSM SIM specs - it is a
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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191 special phonebook that stores the number for Voice Mail and other related
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
192 esoteric services.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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193
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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194 * MSISDN is a phonebook-like file that stores the subscriber's own phone
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
195 number(s). Most classic GSM phones have a menu command for showing your own
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
196 number, usually called "My number" or something like that; this menu command
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
197 displays the first record stored in the MSISDN phonebook. Most network
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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198 operators update this MSISDN record over the air (using special SMS-encoded
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
199 commands) when you activate service or get a new phone number without changing
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
200 your SIM, but this MSISDN store in the SIM also has some interesting
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
201 properties:
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
202
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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203 + Per the spec the MSISDN phonebook is writable by ordinary users, not just
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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diff changeset
204 admins, and the Mother's experience with real T-Mobile SIMs is that they do
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 65
diff changeset
205 indeed allow the user to write anything into MSISDN.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
206
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
207 + Most SIM card issuers allocate multiple records for MSISDN, not just one.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
208 It is not clear if ordinary end user phones would do anything useful with
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 65
diff changeset
209 the extra records if one were to write something there.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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parents: 65
diff changeset
210
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
211 fc-simtool provides a unified set of commands and data formats for working with
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
212 all SIM phonebooks: all pb-* commands take the name of the phonebook to be
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
parents: 65
diff changeset
213 operated on as their first argument.
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
214
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
215 Last Number Dialed (LND)
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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parents: 65
diff changeset
216 ========================
d4058ae94749 doc/User-oriented-commands: started phonebook description
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diff changeset
217
65
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diff changeset
218 Manipulating stored SMS
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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diff changeset
219 =======================
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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diff changeset
220
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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diff changeset
221 Manipulating SMS profiles
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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parents: 64
diff changeset
222 =========================
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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parents: 64
diff changeset
223
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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parents: 64
diff changeset
224 Identifying MVNO SIMs
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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diff changeset
225 =====================
cc48ac3b151c doc/User-oriented-commands: basic info commands documented
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diff changeset
226