FreeCalypso > hg > fc-rfcal-tools
annotate doc/Tx-cal-theory @ 100:7ad5836d3b87
fc-rfcal-vcxo: added check for final freq offset being within 70 Hz
author | Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org> |
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date | Fri, 11 Aug 2017 02:45:10 +0000 |
parents | 615df2fb1ec3 |
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rev | line source |
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1 The Tx power levels put out by a GSM mobile station are subject to strict |
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2 specifications, and on the Calypso+Iota+Rita chipset they are produced by |
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3 writing different values into the APC DAC register. But what value should be |
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4 written into the APC DAC in order to produce a given Tx power level in dBm? |
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5 The answer varies from one produced device unit to the next, and even more from |
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6 one board design to the next, hence these APC values need to be calibrated. |
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7 |
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8 The general procedure for calibrating Tx power levels is described in both Sara |
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9 and LoCosto calibration documents (see TI-docs), but the LoCosto document adds |
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10 one crucial detail which the Sara one fails to describe. The instructions given |
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11 in the Sara document appear to be perfectly intuitive at first: go through all |
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12 power levels in turn (PL numbers 5-19 for EGSM and GSM850 or 0-15 for DCS and |
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13 PCS), and for each power level command the DUT to transmit at that level, |
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14 measure the actual Tx output power with the CMU200 or other RF test equipment, |
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15 and adjust the APC DAC value up or down to make the output power match the spec. |
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16 |
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17 The problem is with the very last part: the output power you get with the |
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18 compiled-in APC DAC value is one number, the spec-defined target power is a |
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19 different number, exactly how do you adjust the APC DAC value to hit the target |
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20 power level? |
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21 |
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22 The LoCosto document gives the answer which was not at all obvious to me at |
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23 first. I draw the reader's attention to section A.3.1 on page 43 of that |
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24 document. The trick is as follows: the relation between the APC DAC value and |
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25 the resulting Tx output power (or rather the equivalent in terms of voltage) is |
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26 modeled as a piecewise linear function, and this piecewise linear function is |
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27 constructed from a preliminary set of output power measurements with a fixed |
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28 set of APC DAC values. |
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29 |
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30 We also have a strong piece of evidence that the Tx power level calibration |
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31 procedure performed by Openmoko at their factory was based on the same principle |
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32 as the LoCosto document version. If you look at the /gsm/rf/tx/levels.900 table |
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33 in Om-calibrated GTA02 units and compare it against the firmware's compiled-in |
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34 version, you will see that the APC DAC values for power levels 5-19 have been |
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35 replaced with calibrated ones as expected, but there is also this oddity: the |
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36 APC DAC value for power level 0 (not a valid number for this band) has been |
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37 replaced with 600. Always 600, a perfect round number, on every unit. |
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38 |
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39 Having understood the calibration method described in the LoCosto document, the |
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40 mystery of this fixed number 600 becomes clear: the calibration program |
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41 establishes the basis for the calibration by temporarily overwriting the APC DAC |
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42 value in the power level 0 slot with a series of fixed values, 600 being the |
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43 last of them. It constructs the piecewise linear model for the APC from power |
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44 measurements made with these fixed DAC values, and uses this model to compute |
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45 the DAC value for each target power level. The latter DAC values are then |
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46 written into Tx levels table slots 5-19 for EGSM and GSM850, or 0-15 for DCS |
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47 and PCS. In the case of DCS and PCS no visible artifacts remain from the |
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48 calibration basis run (because slot 0 is a valid power level for these bands), |
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49 but an artifact remains in the levels.900 table in the unused slot 0. |
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50 |
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51 Target power level numbers |
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52 ========================== |
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53 |
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54 Ideally the power level numbers to be used as the targets for the calibration |
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55 process would be the levels given in the GSM 05.05 spec: from 33 dBm down to |
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56 5 dBm for the EGSM and GSM850 bands or from 30 dBm down to 0 dBm for DCS and |
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57 PCS, in 2 dBm steps in each case. However, the evidence from TI's calibration |
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58 documents (both Sara and LoCosto) is that some devices are not able to produce |
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59 the very highest and sometimes the very lowest power levels given in the spec, |
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60 and getting a successful calibration requires setting the calibration targets |
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61 to slightly shifted numbers, although still within the tolerances allowed by |
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62 the GSM 05.05 spec. The table in TI's Sara calibration document (page 26) has |
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63 the highest power level reduced by 1.2 relative to the spec, the next highest |
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64 by 0.5, whereas the lowest 4 (EGSM) or 6 (DCS) levels are raised and compacted |
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65 together. The table in the LoCosto document (page 44) has the highest power |
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66 level for each band reduced by 0.8, making it 32.2 dBm for EGSM and GSM850 and |
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67 29.2 dBm for DCS and PCS, while all other levels are set to the spec numbers. |
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68 |
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69 In my own experience with getting the Tx power levels calibrated on our current |
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70 FCDEV3B boards, our hardware is able to hit all of the lowest spec power levels |
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71 with good margin (the APC DAC value never goes below the 60-70 range), hence |
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72 the low targets did not need to be shifted, but the highest spec power level |
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73 could not be achieved in every band. Following TI's practice with LoCosto, I |
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74 set the highest power level target to 32.2 dBm for the EGSM band and to 29.2 dBm |
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75 for PCS, but I was consistently able to get the full 30 dBm out in the DCS band, |
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76 hence I set the DCS band highest power level target to the official number of |
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77 30 dBm. It needs to be emphasized, however, that these results are quite |
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78 specific to our current flock of FCDEV3B hardware, and your results will most |
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79 likely be different if you are working with a different hw design such as a |
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80 non-FreeCalypso derivative of Openmoko's GTA02 design. |
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81 |
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82 Profiles for Tx levels calibration |
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83 ================================== |
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84 |
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85 Our fc-rfcal-txband program that performs the actual per-unit calibration of Tx |
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86 power levels for each band requires a preconfigured txlevels calibration profile |
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87 for each band as one of its inputs; if you are performing calibration on |
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88 individual units of a board design for which the correct profiles have already |
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89 been crafted, you simply use those given profiles (fcom1 for our current flock |
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90 of FCDEV3B boards), but if you are doing Tx power level calibration on a new |
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91 board design for the first time, you first need to characterize the Tx output |
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92 level behaviour of your new board design and craft the appropriate set of |
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93 profiles. |
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94 |
98
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95 The profiles for txlevels calibration reside in /opt/freecalypso/rfcal/txlevels; |
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96 each per-band profile is sought in a file named profile_name-band_number, where |
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97 profile_name is the profile name argument given to fc-rfcal-txband and |
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98 band_number is one of 850, 900, 1800 or 1900. For example, the profile set for |
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99 our current FCDEV3B hardware is named fcom1 ("FreeCalypso hardware, Openmoko- |
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100 based, version 1"), this hw platform is 900/1800/1900 MHz triband, and the |
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101 individual profile config files are fcom1-900, fcom1-1800 and fcom1-1900. |
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102 |
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103 Each profile provides two key pieces of data: the list of fixed APC DAC values |
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104 to be used as the basis set for constructing the piecewise linear model, and |
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105 the list of power levels in dBm that will be the targets for the calibration. |
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106 |
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107 Crafting the txlevels calibration profiles for a new board design |
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108 ================================================================= |
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109 |
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110 If you are working with a new (or new-to-you) board design with no previous Tx |
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111 levels calibration experience, you need to begin by characterizing its Tx |
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112 output level behaviour so you can determine what APC values are appropriate for |
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113 the basis set, whether or not you need to shift the highest and/or lowest |
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114 target levels from their nominal spec values, and if some target shifting is |
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115 needed, which levels need to be shifted and by how much. |
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116 |
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117 The tool you will need for this investigation is fc-rfcal-txbasis. It requires |
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118 fc-cmu200d and rvinterf to be running, talking to the CMU200 and to the DUT, |
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119 respectively, and it takes the band number (850/900/1800/1900) and a set of |
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120 APC DAC values on the command line; no pre-existing txlevels profile is needed. |
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121 It commands the DUT to transmit at each of the specified APC DAC values in turn |
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122 and reports the power output levels measured by the CMU200. |
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123 |
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124 VERY IMPORTANT: You need to be very sure that your CMU200 or other measuring |
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125 instrument is itself in good calibration standing, i.e., that the measurements |
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126 it reports are trustworthy, and that the insertion loss in your cabling setup |
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127 (all the way from the actual DUT's antenna connector or RF test port to your |
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128 CMU200) really matches the numbers you have put in your cable configuration file |
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129 (see Cable-config-howto). If you fail to ensure these prerequisites, your |
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130 fc-rfcal-txbasis observations will be meaningless, as the cable insertion losses |
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131 are typically of the same order of magnitude as the transmitter differences you |
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132 are trying to determine. |
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133 |
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134 You will need to run fc-rfcal-txbasis with a guesstimated set of APC DAC values, |
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135 to be revised iteratively, and get a feel for what your DUT is putting out. |
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136 Are you able to hit the lowest spec power level consistently while the APC DAC |
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137 value remains well above zero? Are you able to hit the highest spec power level |
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138 as well, or does the measured power output fall short of this target no matter |
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139 how high you crank the APC DAC? These observations will tell you whether or not |
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140 you need to shift the highest and/or lowest target power levels in your new |
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141 txlevels calibration profile. |
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142 |
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143 Regular calibration runs |
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144 ======================== |
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145 |
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146 Once you have a good set of profiles for the type of Calypso GSM device you are |
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147 calibrating, just run fc-rfcal-txband with the band number and the name of your |
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148 profile. |
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149 |
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150 Checking existing calibration |
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151 ============================= |
66
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152 |
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153 fc-rfcal-txcheck is a completely non-invasive program (does not make any writes |
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154 to any L1 RF tables or to FFS) that steps through all power levels for the |
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155 specified band (5-19 for EGSM or GSM850, or 0-15 for DCS or PCS), performs a |
98
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156 power measurement at each level, and displays the measured result. |