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doc/FCSIM1-programming: update for fcsim1-program
author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Fri, 09 Apr 2021 08:19:31 +0000
parents 4e5586c7f275
children
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4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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1 FreeCalypso Community SIM card model FCSIM1 is our FC-branded version of
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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2 GrcardSIM2. We (FreeCalypso) are making these cards for the primary purpose of
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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3 bringing back to current availability an exact equivalent of the discontinued
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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4 sysmoSIM-GR2 card, but our approach to card provisioning and programming differs
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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5 from Sysmocom's:
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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6
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7 * Just like their current USIM/ISIM product, Sysmocom's previous Grcard-based
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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8 SIMs were preprogrammed at the factory with default IMSIs from a 901-xx range,
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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9 allowing them to be used as-is (without programming by the user) if the user
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10 configures his or her GSM network to use the same MCC-MNC as preprogrammed on
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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11 the cards.
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12
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13 Our approach is different: different members of our community will be running
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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14 their own GSM networks with varying degrees of legality or illegality, and
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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15 every individual operator of a pirate GSM BTS will have to carefully select
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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16 his or her squatted MCC-MNC based on his or her unique geopolitical
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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17 circumstances. In this climate it makes no sense to attempt any kind of
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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18 generic default MCC-MNC for SIM card preprogramming, hence we get our FCSIM1
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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19 cards from Grcard without any factory programming ("blank"), and if anyone
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20 wishes to get some cards from us, we will supply them in the same "blank"
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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21 state. All programming needs to be done by individual downstream card owners,
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22 and fc-simtool plus accompanying utilities are the official tools for this
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23 programming.
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24
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25 * All Sysmocom cards, both historical Grcard-based SIM products and their
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Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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26 current USIM/ISIM, have their PIN1, PUK1 and IMSI printed on the plastic. We
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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27 do not print these numbers because we don't assign any in the first place -
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28 instead all PINs and IMSIs are freely assigned and programmed by downstream
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29 owners of each individual card.
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30
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31 * We did pick a squatted range of ICCID numbers, and our cards have these ICCIDs
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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32 printed on the plastic, both on the ID-1 carrier and on the little plug-in SIM
80
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33 (2FF) piece. The rationale is that we need to be able to distinguish one card
37
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34 from another visually, and because the whole purpose of ICCID is to identify
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35 each card as a physical artifact irrespective of logical function, this ID
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36 number is perfect for the job. It is never transmitted over any air
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37 interfaces, hence no one outside of our community needs to know or care that
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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38 we use squatted ICCIDs rather than officially allocated ones.
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39
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40 Programming model for FCSIM1
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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41 ============================
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42
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43 Our programming model is based on the principle of a card provisioning database.
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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44 If you are going to get a small batch of FCSIM1 cards from us, or if you are
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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45 going to order a larger batch directly from Grcard, but you wish to follow the
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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46 same model as ours, as the first step toward programming, you will need to
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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47 generate your own card provisioning database. This database is an ASCII text
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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48 file with one line per card, and it resides in this standardized location:
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49
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50 /opt/freecalypso/sim-data/fcsim1-prov-db
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51
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52 Each line in this card provisioning database takes the following form:
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53
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54 ICCID=89015570000000xxxxx IMSI=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ACC=xxxx Ki=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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55
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56 While there is nothing to stop you from constructing this card provisioning
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
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57 database manually in vi, the intent is that it will be generated by our
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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58 fcsim1-mkprov utility. This utility takes a starting ICCID, a starting IMSI
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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59 and the number of card entries to generate - and it generates the requested
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60 number of database entries with incrementing ICCIDs, incrementing IMSIs, ACC
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61 circling through the standard bit-shifting range from 0001 to 0200, and random
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62 Ki secret keys. (The source of random keys is currently very simple: each Ki
4e5586c7f275 doc/FCSIM1-programming: initial basics
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63 is read directly from /dev/urandom, or from /dev/random if desired. Suggestions
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64 for improvement are welcome.) fcsim1-mkprov emits its output to stdout, hence
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65 it will typically need to be run with output append-redirected ('>>') to
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66 /opt/freecalypso/sim-data/fcsim1-prov-db.
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67
80
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68 fcsim1-mkprov usage details
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69 ===========================
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70
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71 The canonical way to run fcsim1-mkprov is as follows:
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72
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73 fcsim1-mkprov -n num start-iccid start-imsi >> /opt/freecalypso/sim-data/fcsim1-prov-db
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74
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75 -n option specifies the number of card entries to generate; if this option is
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76 omitted, only one card entry will be generated. The starting ICCID needs to be
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77 given in 18-digit form _without_ the Luhn check digit - fcsim1-mkprov will
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78 increment this ICCID for the number of card entries to be generated (we will
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79 always supply consecutively-numbered cards to anyone buying a small batch from
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80 us), and it will generate the correct Luhn check digit for each ICCID. However,
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81 you can use our FC SIM tools shorthand notation for the starting ICCID: for
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82 example, if you enter 8901557-100, that entry will be automatically expanded to
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83 18-digit 890155700000000100. IMSIs are expected to always be 15 digits long,
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84 but the same shorthand notation can be used here too.
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85
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86 The following additional options are accepted:
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87
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88 -a [0-9]
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89
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90 The argument for this option is a single digit from '0' to '9'; the
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91 effect is to set ACC for the first card entry to be generated: -a 0
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92 corresponds to ACC=0001, -a 1 corresponds to ACC=0002, and so forth
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93 through -a 9 corresponding to ACC=0200. When many card entries are
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94 generated (-n option), subsequent card ACCs will automatically increment
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95 and circle, i.e., bit-shift to the left until ACC=0200 is reached, then
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96 circle back to ACC=0001 and so on.
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97
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98 -m start-msisdn
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99
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100 By default (in the absence of -m option) each fcsim1-prov-db record
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101 contains only ICCID, IMSI, ACC and Ki as shown above. Running
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102 fcsim1-mkprov with -m start-msisdn causes incrementing MSISDN numbers
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103 to be generated as well, appearing as an extra MSISDN=xxx field in each
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104 fcsim1-prov-db record.
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105
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106 -r /dev/random
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107
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108 Read random bytes for Ki from /dev/random instead of /dev/urandom.
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109
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110 Programming cards with fcsim1-program and fc-simtool
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111 ====================================================
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112
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113 Once the desired provisioning data have been captured in fcsim1-prov-db, the
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114 following procedure is envisioned for actual card programming:
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115
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116 1) You pick the card to be programmed from the unprogrammed bin;
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117
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118 2) While holding the card in your hand and looking at the ICCID printed on the
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119 plastic, you enter a command line similar to this example:
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120
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121 fcsim1-program -c fcsim1-defprog 8901557-0008 | fc-simtool -p0
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122
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123 Type in the needed command line, but don't press Enter yet...
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124
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125 3) Insert the card into your reader stand (assuming that you will be using a
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126 stand-type card programming station such as HID Omnikey 3121), at which
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127 point the ICCID printed on the card is no longer visible.
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128
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129 4) Press Enter to execute the command you typed in step 2 above.
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130
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131 Now the explanation: fcsim1-program is a utility that generates per-card
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132 programming command scripts to be fed to fc-simtool. It requires the ICCID
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133 (read from the plastic with human eyeballs) to be entered on the command line,
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134 and this time the ICCID being entered needs to include the Luhn check digit:
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135 after all, you are simply entering the number from the plastic, and the printed
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136 ICCID does include the Luhn check digit. Our FC SIM tools shorthand notation
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137 for skipping the long string of zeros in the middle still works though!
37
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138
80
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139 After verifying the Luhn check digit, fcsim1-program will look up the entered
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140 ICCID in fcsim1-prov-db (if there is no entry for this ICCID, it is an error),
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141 and it will retrieve all per-card provisioning parameters from there. The
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142 programming command script generated by fcsim1-program (intended to be piped
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143 directly into fc-simtool) has the following structure:
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144
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145 verify-ext 11 88888888 # ADM11 authentication
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146 exec fcsim1-defprog # common command script specified with -c
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147 write-iccid XXXX # programming per-card ICCID
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148 write-imsi XXXX # programming per-card IMSI
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149 write-acc XXXX # programming per-card ACC
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150 grcard2-set-ki XXXX # programming per-card Ki
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151
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152 If the card record in fcsim1-prov-db includes the optional MSISDN= field
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153 (generated with fcsim1-mkprov -m option), the script generated by fcsim1-program
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154 will also include a pb-update-imm command to write the MSISDN record.
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155
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156 Common command scripts: only ICCID, IMSI, ACC, Ki and optional MSISDN are
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157 expected to be different for each individual card, whereas all other SIM card
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158 programming is expected to be the same for all cards in a given fiefdom.
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159 Therefore, each tribal chieftain who is going to run his or her own GSM network
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160 will need to create their own custom common command script based on
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161 fcsim1-defprog: for example, for our own Themyscira Wireless operation we have
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162 our own private themwi-prog script that is based on fcsim1-defprog and takes
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163 its place.
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164
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165 Philosophy regarding ICCID
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166 ==========================
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167
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168 Our workflow is set up so that whenever you program or reprogram a card, you
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169 have to read the ICCID from the plastic with your eyeballs and enter it on the
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170 command line. Our fcsim1-program | fc-simtool pipeline programs the EF_ICCID
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171 record, but nowhere in our current workflow do we read it back for further
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172 database lookups.
37
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173
80
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174 We have considered an alternative approach of programming EF_ICCID (to match
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175 the number printed on the plastic) on all of our FCSIM1 cards at FreeCalypso HQ,
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176 and then expecting downstream card users to run tools that read EF_ICCID from
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177 the card. However, this approach has been rejected because unlike
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178 sysmoISIM-SJA2, GrcardSIM2 cards allow EF_ICCID to be freely rewritten like any
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179 other admin-write file, thus even if we program it correctly at FreeCalypso HQ,
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180 it is always possible for EF_ICCID to become messed up further downstream. But
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181 the laser marking of ICCID on the plastic is truly immutable, hence the most
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182 reliable workflow for unconditionally bringing each card to the desired correct
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183 state irrespective of prior programming state is to read the ICCID from the
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184 plastic with human eyeballs, enter it on the command line, and have the tools
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185 unconditionally program it.
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186
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187 Philosophy regarding ADM keys
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188 =============================
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189
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190 The idea is similar to the one for ICCID: let's eliminate any dependencies on
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191 prior state of each card as much as possible. Based on this philosophy, we
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192 currently leave the ADM11 key (SUPER ADM which supersedes ADM5 and all lower
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193 PINs) at the factory default of 88888888, and we discourage changing it. If
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194 someone desires the traditional security model where an operator programs SIMs
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195 and then prevents subscribers from being able to read their Ki, then you will
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196 have to change your ADM11 key (and ADM5 too, for good measure) to true per-card
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197 secrets - but then you won't be able to freely rerun programming scripts without
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198 caring about prior state.
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199
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200 For those who wish to change their ADM11 key, we provide low-level
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201 grcard2-set-super and grcard2-set-super-hex commands that do the deed, but our
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202 higher-level fcsim1-mkprov + fcsim1-program suite does not currently have any
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203 sensible support for secure ADM11 (or ADM5) keys. If someone desires such
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204 functionality, we can implement it as paid feature development, but probably
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205 not otherwise.
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206
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207 OsmoHLR integration
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208 ===================
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209
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210 Once I (Mother Mychaela) climb the learning curve for getting Osmocom CNI
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211 software up and running on a server, I will produce appropriate tools for
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212 extracting IMSI and Ki from fcsim1-prov-db and turning them into whatever
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213 format is needed for import into OsmoHLR subscriber database.