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annotate doc/GrcardSIM2-security-model @ 18:da6e9d0b2ee6

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author Mychaela Falconia <falcon@freecalypso.org>
date Sun, 14 Mar 2021 07:57:09 +0000
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18
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1 GrcardSIM2 cards (previously sold as sysmoSIM-GR2 and now being reintroduced as
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2 FCSIM1) have two different ADM access levels, each guarded by a separate secret
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3 code. These two ADM access levels are referred to as ADM and SUPER ADM in the
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4 Osmocom wiki page for GrcardSIM2, but they can also be called ADM5 and ADM11,
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5 as the access level numbers appear in the actual APDUs.
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6
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7 If you successfully authenticate with ADM5 secret code, you gain the following
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8 abilities:
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9
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10 * You can change the ADM5 secret code itself;
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11 * You can reset PIN1, PIN2, PUK1 and PUK2 to new codes without having to know
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12 any previous ones.
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13
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14 If you successfully authenticate with ADM11 secret code, you gain the following
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15 abilities:
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16
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17 * You can change the ADM11 secret code itself;
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18 * You can reset PIN1, PIN2, PUK1, PUK2 and ADM5 to new codes without having to
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19 know any previous ones.
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20
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21 Most admin-write-only files are writable after either ADM5 or ADM11
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22 authentication, but some files (particularly EF.WEKI that holds Ki) can only be
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23 read and written with ADM11. More precisely, if a given access condition
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24 (returned in response to SELECT) is listed as ADM11, then you need to
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25 authenticate with ADM11, but if it is listed as ADM5, then either ADM5 or ADM11
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26 is acceptable. Because of this permissive design whereby ADM11 alone is
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27 sufficient, one can typically ignore ADM5 altogether for programming purposes.
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28
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29 Both ADM5 and ADM11 can be set to any arbitrary string of 8 bytes, i.e., each
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30 is effectively a 64-bit key. However, it is common for users to treat ADM5
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31 and/or ADM11 as being a string of 8 ASCII-encoded decimal digits like standard
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32 PUK1/PUK2 - the initial default ADM11 secret code from Grcard factory is set to
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33 64-bit hex string 3838383838383838, which corresponds to PIN/PUK-style decimal
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34 88888888.
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35
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36 fc-simtool provides commands to set and verify ADM5 and ADM11 secret codes in
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37 either full hex or ASCII-encoded decimal representation; the former allows any
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38 arbitrary 64-bit key to be entered, whereas the latter is restricted to those
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39 64-bit keys which correspond to 8 ASCII-encoded decimal digits. The commands
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40 are:
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41
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42 verify-ext 5 XXXXXXXX # authenticate as ADM5, decimal format
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43 verify-hex 5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # authenticate as ADM5, arbitrary hex format
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44
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45 verify-ext 11 XXXXXXXX # authenticate as ADM11, decimal format
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46 verify-hex 11 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # authenticate as ADM11, arbitrary hex format
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47
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48 grcard2-set-adm5 XXXXXXXX # set new ADM5, decimal format
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49 grcard2-set-adm5-hex xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # set new ADM5, arbitrary hex format
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50
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51 grcard2-set-super XXXXXXXX # set new ADM11, decimal format
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52 grcard2-set-super-hex xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx # set new ADM11, arbitrary hex format
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53
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54 ADM11 MF quirk
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55 ==============
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56
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57 The operation of authenticating with ADM11 (verify-ext 11 or verify-hex 11) is
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58 only allowed when the currently selected directory is MF - either as the very
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59 first command in an fc-simtool session, or after an explicit 'select MF'. If
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60 the current directory is DF_GSM or DF_TELECOM, the command to authenticate with
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61 ADM11 (VERIFY CHV with P2=0x0B) fails with SW of 0x9802.
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62
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63 Setting PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2
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64 ===========================
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65
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66 The following commands reset standard PIN and PUK secret codes after
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67 authenticating with either ADM5 or ADM11:
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68
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69 grcard2-set-pin1 XXXX
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70 grcard2-set-pin2 XXXX
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71 grcard2-set-puk1 XXXXXXXX
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72 grcard2-set-puk2 XXXXXXXX
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73
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74 These 4 commands take decimal string arguments and send them to the card in
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75 ASCII encoding per standard SIM spec definition of PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2.
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76
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77 The underlying command APDUs sent by fc-simtool grcard2-set-* commands are
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78 proprietary to Grcard. If you craft the right APDUs manually in hex (which our
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79 low-level apdu command allows), you can set PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2 to arbitrary
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80 64-bit hex strings which do not correspond to ASCII-encoded decimal - however,
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81 doing so would produce a SIM that violates the public interface definition for
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82 standard PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2, hence we do not provide such ability in our
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83 high-level grcard2-set-* command set.
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84
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85 FCSIM1 default PINs
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86 ===================
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87
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88 The initial default ADM11 secret code from Grcard factory is decimal 88888888,
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89 meaning that you need to authenticate as follows:
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90
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91 select MF
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92 verify-ext 11 88888888
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93
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94 If your card is unprogrammed (if you haven't programmed it yourself with
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95 fc-simtool), all other secret codes should be regarded as unknown - you need to
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96 reset them yourself in your own card programming or provisioning operation.
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97 Our fcsim1-default-pins command script sets the following FCSIM1 official
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98 defaults:
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99
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100 grcard2-set-pin1 1234
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101 grcard2-set-pin2 6666
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102 grcard2-set-puk1 00099933
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103 grcard2-set-puk2 00099944
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104 grcard2-set-adm5 55501234
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105
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106 For as long as you keep the ADM11 secret code at its default of 88888888, there
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107 is no PIN security - even if you set PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2 to your own secrets,
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108 anyone can authenticate with the unchanged default ADM11 and then freely reset
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109 all lower PINs. However, in the Mother's opinion there is very little need for
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110 PIN security in actual operational usage in this day and age - almost no one
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111 enables their PIN1, making it moot, and no one ever uses SIM "parental control"
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112 features controlled by PIN2. In the present circumstances, the only real use
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113 for knowing SIM PINs is to exercise and test phone firmware code paths dealing
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114 with these PINs - and for this purpose having known fixed "secret" codes is
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115 very convenient.
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116
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117 However, if someone does desire real PIN security, it *is* possible on FCSIM1
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118 cards - but then you have to not only set PIN1/PIN2/PUK1/PUK2 to your own
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119 secrets, but also set both ADM5 and ADM11 to your own truly-secret codes as
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120 well. But be careful - if you set your own ADM11 secret code and then forget
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121 it, there is no recovery! Maintaining a database of per-card secret codes is a
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122 development job which the Mother gladly leaves to other programmers, to be
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123 undertaken if and when someone actually needs such added complexity.
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124
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125 How to (not) brick your card
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126 ============================
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127
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128 The following actions will brick your card beyond recovery:
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129
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130 * If you enter ADM11 incorrectly 3 times in a row, ADM11 access is lost with no
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131 possibility of recovery - this bricking mode is generally expected, there can
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132 be no other way.
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133
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134 * If you enter ADM5 incorrectly 3 times in a row, you unrecoverably lose the
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135 ability to use ADM5 ever again - even if you successfully authenticate with
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136 ADM11 and reset ADM5 with grcard2-set-adm5, the attempt counter does not get
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137 reset, and ADM5 remains blocked.
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138
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139 * If you enter standard PUK1 or PUK2 incorrectly 10 times in a row, it is
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140 similarly blocked beyond recovery, with no help from ADM5 or ADM11 -
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141 grcard2-set-puk[12] commands reset the secret code, but not the associated
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142 attempt counter.